Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung最新文献_第2页

Practice makes perfect, but to what end? Computerised brain training has limited cognitive benefits in healthy ageing.

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02110-7

Emma Sutton, Jonathan Catling, Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Katrien Segaert

{"title":"Practice makes perfect, but to what end? Computerised brain training has limited cognitive benefits in healthy ageing.","authors":"Emma Sutton, Jonathan Catling, Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Katrien Segaert","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02110-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02110-7","url":null,"abstract":"Whether brain training programmes are effective and have transferable benefits to wider cognitive abilities is controversial, especially in older adult populations. We assessed, in a randomised controlled intervention study, whether a commercially available brain training programme can induce cognitive improvements in a sample of healthy older adults (N = 103). Participants completed a three-month intervention of either an adaptive computerised cognitive training programme (through a brain training app) or active control. Cognition was measured through a comprehensive battery of tasks pre- and post-intervention to assess working memory, processing speed, attention, and language functioning. Participants in the intervention group significantly improved on all tasks that were trained specifically within the brain training programme (i.e. practice effects). However, for the cognitive tasks assessed pre- and post-intervention there was no evidence of any of these practice effects transferring to improvements in cognitive outcome measures compared to the active control group (i.e. transfer effects). Our results indicate that the benefits of brain training programmes appear to be limited to practice effects of trained tasks, while no evidence is found for transfer effects to other, related or unrelated, untrained cognitive tasks.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does preparation generate the cost of task switching? A recipe for a switch cost after cue-only trials. 准备工作会产生任务转换成本吗？纯线索试验后切换成本的秘诀。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02107-2

Motonori Yamaguchi, Rachel Swainson

{"title":"Does preparation generate the cost of task switching? A recipe for a switch cost after cue-only trials.","authors":"Motonori Yamaguchi, Rachel Swainson","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02107-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02107-2","url":null,"abstract":"A switch cost can be observed in cued task-switching on trials that follow a cue-only trial, which presents a task cue indicating a task to be performed but does not present a target stimulus to be responded to. This finding has provided important implications as to the source of the performance cost that emerges when switching tasks. However, cue-only trials differ from completed trials (for which the target occurs and is responded to) in several task parameters, and there are a few untested assumptions about a task-switch cost after cue-only trials, which restricted the conditions under which cue-only trials have been used. The present study first examined whether a switch cost emerged after cue-only trials when cue-only trials were matched with completed trials in as many task parameters as possible, and found that an expected switch cost following cue-only trials was absent in response time. In the subsequent six experiments, we explored critical task parameters to obtain a switch cost after cue-only trials. The present results indicate that the use of a short preparation interval was an important factor and that the switch cost was more short-lived and dissipated more quickly after cue-only trials than after completed trials. These outcomes are consistent with the proposal that there are at least two sources of a task-switch cost, one that originates from processing a task cue and another that originates from performing a cued task. Early processes of task preparation (e.g., cue or task identification) may be sufficient to produce the switch cost after cue-only trials, but response-related processes might generate a more persistent switch cost.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automatic imitation of vocal actions is unaffected by group membership. 声音动作的自动模仿不受群体成员身份的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02104-5

Antony S Trotter, Hannah Wilt, Patti Adank

{"title":"Automatic imitation of vocal actions is unaffected by group membership.","authors":"Antony S Trotter, Hannah Wilt, Patti Adank","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02104-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02104-5","url":null,"abstract":"Converging evidence from behavioural, neuroimaging, and neurostimulation studies demonstrates that action observation engages corresponding action production mechanisms, a phenomenon termed covert or automatic imitation. Behaviourally, automatic imitation is measured using the stimulus response compatibility (SRC) task, in which participants produce vocal responses whilst perceiving compatible or incompatible speech distractors. Automatic imitation is measured as the difference in response times (RT) between incompatible and compatible trials. It is unclear if and how social group membership, such as the speaker's sex, affects automatic imitation. Two theoretical accounts make different predictions regarding effects of group membership: the first predicts that automatic imitation can be modulated by group membership, while the second predicts that automatic imitation likely remains unaffected. We tested these predictions for participant sex and distractor sex in an online vocal SRC task. Female and male participants completed an SRC task presenting female or male distractor stimuli. The results show that automatic imitation is not modulated by group membership as signalled by sex. Implications of these results regarding the nature of automatic imitation as a largely stimulus-driven process are considered.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transcoding number words to typed multi-digit numerals: revisiting the strange case in Arabic bilinguals.

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02097-1

Maisam Hayek, Shoshi Dorfberger, Zohar Eviatar, Avi Karni

{"title":"Transcoding number words to typed multi-digit numerals: revisiting the strange case in Arabic bilinguals.","authors":"Maisam Hayek, Shoshi Dorfberger, Zohar Eviatar, Avi Karni","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02097-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02097-1","url":null,"abstract":"Language-specific effects are observed in the performance of numerical tasks. We evaluated the effect of the number word system (non-inverted; decade-unit format HDU vs inverted; unit-decade format HUD) in multi-digit numbers on transcoding performance among Arabic-Hebrew bilingual university students. Both languages are written right-to-left, but only in Arabic the sequence of number words is inverted, with units stipulated before decades (e.g. 'four-and-twenty'). Previously we (Hayek et al., Writing Systems Research 11:188-202, 2019) addressed the effect of the number word system on transcoding by handwriting while in the present study, participants were asked to type the numerals. We found that the transcoding ability of verbally presented numbers in the standard inverted format, of bilingual adult native speakers of Arabic was inferior to their ability to transcode multi-digit number words in Arabic in a nonstandard format (HDU). These results were replicated in the present study. In addition, we found that native speakers of Arabic were actually most fluent in transcoding when the number words were presented in Hebrew, a language in which they had high proficiency, and were equal in transcoding ability when number words were presented in English, a language in which they were less proficient. The results suggest that even in a highly proficient bilingual adult, transcoding routines may be affected by the number word system regardless of language dominance.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The cognitive mechanisms of prospective memory in children with hearing impairment aged 13 to 16.

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02099-z

Xing Jin, Jianghua Lei

引用次数: 0

Differences between children and young adults in the effects of difficulty and value of learning items on cognitive offloading strategies.

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02100-9

Xiaoxiao Dong, Jiawei Wang, Qiang Xing, Jianjun Sun

{"title":"Differences between children and young adults in the effects of difficulty and value of learning items on cognitive offloading strategies.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Dong, Jiawei Wang, Qiang Xing, Jianjun Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02100-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02100-9","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive offloading refers to the use of external tools to assist in memory processes.This study investigates the effects of item difficulty and value on cognitive offloading during a word-pair learning task, comparing children and young adults in a context where both cues coexist. In Experiment 1, we examined the impact of difficulty and value cues on cognitive offloading using a 2 (difficulty: easy vs. difficult) × 2 (value: high vs. low) × 2 (age group: children vs. young adults) mixed design.The results indicated that young adults accounted for both difficulty and value cues in their cognitive offloading strategies, in contrast to children, who relied only on difficulty cues. In Experiment 2, we retained the experimental design of Experiment 1, with one notable change: difficulty and value cues were simultaneously displayed on the same interface. This change aimed to reduce working memory load, thereby helping children better perceive the value cues. Our results showed that when value and difficulty cues were presented on the same interface, children took both cues into account in their cognitive offloading decisions. In contrast, young adults were more influenced by the value of the learning items when adopting cognitive offloading strategies. We conducted an exploratory analysis to examine the impact of serial position on offloading decisions. The results showed that children were more likely to use cognitive offloading strategies for items from the early and middle positions than for those from the later positions. In contrast, young adults (as observed in Experiment 2) tended to use cognitive offloading strategies for items from the middle positions. Our findings suggest that age affects the utilization of cues in the strategies of cognitive offloading. We interpreted the observed differences in cognitive offloading strategies through the lens of developmental changes in metacognitive abilities.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotional states affect the degree of duration distortion more than distortion direction: a meta-analytic research.

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02095-3

Yanci Liu, Siyu Ma, Sirui Ren, Meihong Zheng

{"title":"Emotional states affect the degree of duration distortion more than distortion direction: a meta-analytic research.","authors":"Yanci Liu, Siyu Ma, Sirui Ren, Meihong Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02095-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02095-3","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of induced emotional states on duration perception remains unclear. This study investigated duration distortion in emotional states through two meta-analyses based on 17 English articles (28 studies) retrieved from the PubMed and Web of Science databases, published up to March 19, 2024. Meta-Analysis 1 examined both the distortion direction (i.e., underestimation or overestimation compared to neutral states) and the distortion degree (i.e., the extent to which perceived duration deviated from that in neutral states). Meta-Analysis 2 focused solely on the degree of distortion. The results indicated that when both the direction and degree were considered, the findings on duration distortion in emotional states were inconsistent. However, when the direction of distortion was not considered, there was a significant effect on the degree of duration distortion in emotional states. Moderator analysis revealed that the emotional valence moderated the effect size of emotion states on the degree of duration distortion, regardless of whether the direction of distortion was considered. While duration measurement paradigm only moderates the degree of duration distortion without direction. Specifically, the duration overestimation effect was observed in negative states when the distortion direction was considered. A greater distortion degree was observed in negative emotional states or duration judgment tasks. However, neither emotional arousal nor the duration itself moderated the distortion degree, irrespective of whether the direction of distortion was considered. These findings underscore the importance of considering the influence of induced emotional states on the degree of duration distortion, in addition to the direction.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing working memory assessment: development of shortened versions of complex spans, updating, and binding tasks. 优化工作记忆评估：开发缩短版的复杂跨度、更新和绑定任务。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02083-7

Fábio Monteiro, Letícia Botan Nascimento, José Augusto Leitão, Eduardo J R Santos, Paulo Rodrigues, Isabel M Santos, Fátima Simões, Carla S Nascimento

{"title":"Optimizing working memory assessment: development of shortened versions of complex spans, updating, and binding tasks.","authors":"Fábio Monteiro, Letícia Botan Nascimento, José Augusto Leitão, Eduardo J R Santos, Paulo Rodrigues, Isabel M Santos, Fátima Simões, Carla S Nascimento","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02083-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02083-7","url":null,"abstract":"Given the lengthy administration of most working memory (WM) tasks, some researchers have developed reduced versions of these tests. However, they have focused primarily on complex spans. Recent studies suggested that estimating working memory capacity (WMC) using multiple tasks from different paradigms enhances measurement accuracy by isolating WMC variation from task- and paradigm-specific influences. Considering this, we evaluated whether complex spans, updating, and binding tasks could be shortened while maintaining robust psychometric properties. Participants completed full-length versions of tests from these paradigms, which were then segmented into early, intermediate, and later trial blocks. The shortened WM tasks were based on the early trial blocks. They accounted for most of the variance in a set of factor scores derived from the full-length versions of the WM tests (R2 = 0.90). Additionally, the shortened and full-length versions presented a similar ability to predict fluid intelligence (Gf). The shortened tasks reduced administration time by 35%, saving around 30 min. To help researchers select the most suitable combination of shortened and/or full-length tasks, we calculated the Gf and WMC variance predicted by every possible task combination and the respective administration time. We believe that the shortened WM tasks will be highly valuable to researchers, as they provide reliable and valid WMC estimates in a time-efficient manner. We also examined whether using tests from different paradigms provides better WMC estimates than employing collections of tasks from the same class. Our results confirmed this hypothesis, highlighting the importance of diverse task selection to accurately assess WMC.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11890332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Not all emotional expressions facilitate recognition of other-race faces in Chinese infants. 并非所有情绪表达都有助于中国婴儿识别其他种族的面孔

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02098-0

Shaoying Liu, Shuaike Hu, Jiali Chen, Linlin Yan, Guangxi Liu

引用次数: 0

New perspectives on repetitive behaviour.

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02092-6

Faith Jeremiah, Russell Butson, Adekunle Oke

{"title":"New perspectives on repetitive behaviour.","authors":"Faith Jeremiah, Russell Butson, Adekunle Oke","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02092-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02092-6","url":null,"abstract":"Human existence is shaped by interconnected patterns and repetitions that unfold in rhythmic cycles, from biological functions to socially constructed behaviors. While innate (physiological) and natural (environmental) cycles remain fixed, self-constructed cycles, such as routines and habits, are more dynamic, shaped by human agency. These repetitive behaviors often enhance efficiency, goal achievement, well-being, and stress reduction. However, over-reliance on them can lead to rigidity, inhibiting innovation, serendipity, and adaptability. In an era of rapid technological change, the highly routinized lifestyle of the industrial age may no longer be optimal. Drawing insights from a systems-thinking perspective, we reconceptualize routines and habits as dynamic constructs that offer both stability and adaptability in shaping human behavior. This paper contributes to the academic discourse on temporal structures and innovation by critically examining how routines function as both enablers and constraints in a rapidly evolving world, offering practical insights into fostering greater flexibility in behavioral and adaptive patterns.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0