Evidence of Embodiment-based changes in older Adult Language.

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI:10.1007/s00426-025-02173-6

Matthew C Costello, Jennifer K MacCormack, Eun Jin Paek, Uma Jalloh, Anna M Borghi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

It is increasingly recognized that the embodiment of older adults reflects the declines in physical capacity that typically attend aging. Specifically, older adult embodiment is characterized by decreased involvement of bodily and action-system inputs, true for both cognitive and perceptual processing (Costello & Bloesch, Frontiers in Psychology, 267, 2017; Kuehn et al., Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 86, 207-225, 2018), and for emotional processing (Mendes, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 86, 207-225, 2010; MacCormack et al., Emotion Review, 9(1), 36-45, 2024). However, it is unclear whether this "less embodied" effect extends into language capacity, for language is relatively well preserved in healthy aging with no obvious manifestations of embodiment-based changes. This critical review paper explores the question through evidence drawn from multiple facets of language processing that are pertinent to the embodiment of language. We find positive evidence of embodiment-based reweighting (EBR) effects for older adult language, with decreased salience of physicality and action-based inputs that are offset by increased weighting for visuo-cognitive facets of language. We interpret the EBR model in light of both compensatory and predictive coding models, and discuss its broader significance and consequences.

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老年人语言中体现性变化的证据。

越来越多的人认识到，老年人的体现反映了通常随年龄增长而出现的身体能力的下降。具体来说，老年人的体现特征是身体和行动系统输入的参与减少，这在认知和知觉处理中都是如此（Costello & Bloesch, Frontiers in Psychology, 267, 2017； Kuehn等人，Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 86,207 -225, 2018），在情绪处理中也是如此（Mendes, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 86,207 -225, 2010； MacCormack等人，Emotion Review, 9(1), 36- 45,2024）。然而，这种“较少体现”的效应是否延伸到语言能力上还不清楚，因为语言在健康老龄化中保存得相对较好，没有明显的体现性变化表现。这篇批判性的评论文章通过从语言处理的多个方面提取的证据来探讨这个问题，这些证据与语言的具体化有关。我们发现了基于体现的重加权（EBR）对老年人语言的积极影响，身体和基于动作的输入的显著性降低，被语言视觉认知方面的权重增加所抵消。我们从补偿编码和预测编码两方面解释了EBR模型，并讨论了其更广泛的意义和后果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

8.70%

发文量

137

期刊介绍： Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung publishes articles that contribute to a basic understanding of human perception, attention, memory, and action. The Journal is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge based on firm experimental ground, but not to particular approaches or schools of thought. Theoretical and historical papers are welcome to the extent that they serve this general purpose; papers of an applied nature are acceptable if they contribute to basic understanding or serve to bridge the often felt gap between basic and applied research in the field covered by the Journal.