Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung最新文献

{"title":"The power of music: impact on EEG signals.","authors":"Basma Bahgat El Sayed, Mye Ali Basheer, Marwa Safwat Shalaby, Hala Rashad El Habashy, Saly Hasan Elkholy","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02060-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02060-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Music is known to impact attentional state without conscious awareness. Listening to music encourages the brain to secrete neurotransmitters improving cognition and emotion.</p><p><strong>Aim of work: </strong>Analysis of QEEG band width while listening to two music types, identifying different cortical areas activated and which genre has a similar effect to relaxed EEG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-section interventional analytic study including 76 normal subjects, 55 of them are females (72.37%). Participants listened to 10 min of a single audio track during EEG recording, consisting of (1 min of silence, 3 min of Egyptian folk music, 3 min of silence, then 3 min of Egyptian instrumental classic music (without any lyrics). We analyzed QEEG bands at each brain region during different tracks. The power ratio index (PRI) was calculated for each region, and then the interhemispheric difference was compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants' ages ranged from 15 to 26 with a mean 16.73 ± 2.37 years. PRI showed a significant increase in the frontal and occipital regions during listening to folk music compared to the silent epoch, where p < 0.001 and p = 0.023, respectively. In the frontal and temporal regions, the classic music epoch evoked the highest PRI interhemispheric difference compared to the folk music epoch, where p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Egyptian folk music has significantly slowed the brain rhythm, particularly in the frontal region, compared to classic music, supporting the hypothesis of a momentary reduction of cognitive capacities by the noise. Classic music was evidently associated with a relaxed state EEG.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11703926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of inhibition in the processing of peripheral cues.","authors":"Christian Büsel, Stephan F Dahm, Pierre Sachse, Ulrich Ansorge","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02073-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02073-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated the role of inhibition in peripheral cueing by nonpredictive cues. Based on past findings, we investigated the possibility that inhibition of learned irrelevant cue colors is typical of short cue-target intervals, with more competition for attention capture between cue versus target. In line with the expectation, in a modified contingent-capture protocol, with short cue-target intervals, we found same-location costs (SLCs) - that is, disadvantages for validly cued targets (cue = target position) compared to invalidly cued targets (cue ≠ target position) with consistently colored non-matching cues. In contrast, no such effects for inconsistently colored non-matching cues were observed with short intervals. In a control condition, with longer intervals, the differences between consistently and inconsistently colored cues were no longer observed. We argue that this effect is due to participants proactively inhibiting consistently colored non-matching cues with short intervals but not with long intervals, but that inhibition failed with inconsistently colored non-matching cues that could take on different possible colors. Alternative explanations in terms of object-updating costs or masking were ruled out. We conclude that the currently found type of inhibition of peripheral cues most likely reflected the limitation of proactively established control structures that could be used at the same time.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11703931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct serial dependence between small and large numerosity processing.","authors":"Yue Huang, Haokun Li, Shiming Qiu, Xianfeng Ding, Min Li, Wangjuan Liu, Zhao Fan, Xiaorong Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02071-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02071-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The serial dependence effect (SDE) is a perceptual bias where current stimuli are perceived as more similar to recently seen stimuli, possibly enhancing the stability and continuity of visual perception. Although SDE has been observed across many visual features, it remains unclear whether humans rely on a single mechanism of SDE to support numerosity processing across two distinct numerical ranges: subitizing (i.e., small numerosity processing, likely related to early object recognition) and estimation (i.e., large numerosity processing, likely related to ensemble numerosity extraction). Here, we show that subitizing and estimation exhibit distinct SDE patterns. Subitizing is characterized by an asymmetric SDE, whereas estimation demonstrates a symmetric SDE. Specifically, in subitizing, the SDE occurs only when the current magnitude is smaller than the previous magnitude but not when it is larger. In contrast, the SDE in estimation is present in both scenarios. We propose that these differences arise from distinct underlying mechanisms. A perceptual mechanism-namely, a 'temporal hysteresis' account, can explain the asymmetrical SDE in subitizing since object individuation resources are easily activated but resistant to deactivation. Conversely, a combination of perceptual and post-perceptual mechanisms can account for the SDEs in estimation, as both perceptual and post-perceptual interference can reduce the SDEs. Critically, a novel type of SDE characterized by reduced processing precision is found in subitizing only, implying that the continuity and stability of numerical processing can be dissociable in dynamic situations where numerical information is integrated over time. Our findings reveal the multifaceted nature of SDE mechanisms and suggest their engagement with cognitive modules likely subserving different functionalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The CASE of brand names during sentence reading.","authors":"Melanie Labusch, Manuel Perea","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02070-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02070-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brand names typically maintain a distinctive letter case (e.g., IKEA, Google). This element is essential for theoretical (word recognition models) and practical (brand design) reasons. In abstractionist models, letter case is considered irrelevant, whereas instance-based models use surface information like letter case during lexical retrieval. Previous brand identification tasks reported faster responses to brands in their characteristic letter case (e.g., IKEA and Google faster than ikea and GOOGLE), favoring instance-based models. We examined whether this pattern can be generalized to normal sentence reading: Participants read sentences in which well-known brand names were presented intact (e.g., IKEA, Google) or with a modified letter case (e.g., Ikea, GOOGLE). Results showed a cost for brands written in uppercase, independently of their characteristic letter case, in early eye fixation measures (probability of first-fixation, first-fixation duration). However, for later measures (gaze duration and total times), fixation times were longer when the brand's letter case was modified, restricted to those brands typically written in lowercase (e.g., GOOGLE > Google, whereas Ikea ≲ IKEA). Thus, during sentence reading, both the actual letter case and the typical letter case of brand names interact dynamically, posing problems for abstractionist models of reading.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are three zebras more than three frogs: examining conceptual and physical congruency in numerosity judgements of familiar objects.","authors":"Mila Marinova, Bert Reynvoet","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02044-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02044-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers in numerical cognition have extensively studied the number sense-the innate human ability to extract numerical information from the environment quickly and effortlessly. Much of this research, however, uses abstract stimuli (e.g., dot configurations) that are also strictly controlled for their low-level visual confounds, such as size. Nonetheless, individuals rarely extract numerical information from abstract stimuli in everyday life. Yet, numerical judgments of familiar objects remain poorly understood and understudied. In the current study, we examined the cognitive mechanisms underlying the numerical decisions of familiar objects. In two experiments, we asked adult participants (Experiment 1) and two groups of children (aged 7-9 years and 11-12 years, Experiment 2) to perform an animal numerosity task (i.e., \"Which animal is more numerous?\"), while the conceptual congruency (i.e., the congruency between an object's real-life size and its numerosity) and physical congruency (the congruency between the number of items and the total space they occupy on the screen) were manipulated. Results showed that the conceptual congruency effect (i.e., better performance when the animal with a larger size in real life is more numerous) and a physical congruency effect (i.e., better performance when the physically larger animal is more numerous) were present in adults and children. However, the effects differed across the age groups and were also a subject of developmental change. To our knowledge, this study is the first one to demonstrate that conceptual knowledge can interfere with numerosity judgements in a top-down manner. This interference effect is distinct from the bottom-up interference effect, which comes from the physical properties of the set. Our results imply that the number sense is not a standalone core system for numbers but is embedded in a more extensive network where both low-level and higher-order influences are possible. We encourage numerical cognition researchers to consider employing not only abstract but also familiar objects when examining numerosity judgements across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One direction? Cultural aspects of the mental number line beyond reading direction.","authors":"Merve Bulut, Lilly Roth, Narjes Bahreini, Krzysztof Cipora, Ulf Dietrich Reips, Hans-Christoph Nuerk","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02038-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02038-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs) refer to the demonstrations of spatial processing of numbers. The Mental Number Line (MNL) is a representation model describing numbers as aligning left-to-right (LR) and was suggested to account for directional biases in participants' responses during numerical tasks. One common behavioral demonstration of this is the Spatial-Numerical Associations of Response Codes (SNARC) effect, which describes faster left-/right-hand responses to smaller/larger numbers, respectively. The MNL, and, consequently, directional SNAs, show variabilities across different cultures. Reading direction is considered to be the main factor in explaining these differences. In line with this, individuals with right-to-left (RL) reading habits show a weaker or even reverse SNARC effect. In the present study, we investigated whether SNAs are influenced not only by reading direction, but also by cultural directional preferences such as drawing lines, arranging objects, imagining objects (i.e., rightward or leftward facing), or representing events in time (i.e., mentally representing the past/future on the left/right, respectively). To test this hypothesis, we measured the cultural directional preferences and the SNARC effect across three cultures in an online setup; German, Turkish, and Iranian. LR preferences in the Cultural Directional Preferences Questionnaire were most prominent in German participants, intermediate in Turkish participants, and least prominent in Iranian participants. In line with this, the LR SNARC effect was strongest in German, intermediate in Turkish, and weakest (but not RL) in Iranian culture. These findings suggest that cultural directional preferences are involved in the emergence of adult SNAs in addition to the reading direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The differential outcomes procedure for improving the recognition of dynamic facial expressions of emotion in people with autism spectrum disorders and first-degree relatives.","authors":"Ángel García-Pérez, Antonio González-Rodríguez, Marta Godoy-Giménez, Pablo Sayans-Jiménez, Fernando Cañadas, Angeles F Estévez","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02067-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02067-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research highlights impairments in the recognition of facial expression of emotion in individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Relatives of people with ASD may exhibit similar, albeit subtler, impairments, referred to as the Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP). Recently, the Differential outcomes procedure (DOP) has been shown to enhance this ability in young adults using dynamic stimuli, with fewer intensity levels required to identify fear and surprise. The present study aimed to extend these findings to adults diagnosed with ASD (ASD group), and relatives of people diagnosed with ASD (BAP group). A Bayesian Generalized Linear Model was employed for statistical inference. The results indicated that the ASD DOP group performed worse than the BAP DOP group in fear trials. The social dimension of autism negatively impacted performance in some conditions, while positive relationships were found between the repetitive behavior dimension and performance for the ASD group. The opposite pattern was observed in the BAP group. These results suggest the importance of considering different dimensions of autism when conducting research on its relationship with other variables. Finally, participants in both ASD and BAP groups required less intensity to identify certain emotions when the DOP was applied, highlighting its potential utility for improving dynamic facial emotion recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naturalistic multimodal emotion data with deep learning can advance the theoretical understanding of emotion.","authors":"Thanakorn Angkasirisan","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02068-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02068-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What are emotions? Despite being a century-old question, emotion scientists have yet to agree on what emotions exactly are. Emotions are diversely conceptualised as innate responses (evolutionary view), mental constructs (constructivist view), cognitive evaluations (appraisal view), or self-organising states (dynamical systems view). This enduring fragmentation likely stems from the limitations of traditional research methods, which often adopt narrow methodological approaches. Methods from artificial intelligence (AI), particularly those leveraging big data and deep learning, offer promising approaches for overcoming these limitations. By integrating data from multimodal markers of emotion, including subjective experiences, contextual factors, brain-bodily physiological signals and expressive behaviours, deep learning algorithms can uncover and map their complex relationships within multidimensional spaces. This multimodal emotion framework has the potential to provide novel, nuanced insights into long-standing questions, such as whether emotion categories are innate or learned and whether emotions exhibit coherence or degeneracy, thereby refining emotion theories. Significant challenges remain, particularly in obtaining comprehensive naturalistic multimodal emotion data, highlighting the need for advances in synchronous measurement of naturalistic multimodal emotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does cognitive inhibition contribute to working memory and reasoning during childhood?","authors":"Yesica Sabina Aydmune, María Fernanda López-Ramón, Eliana Vanesa Zamora, Lorena Canet Juric, Isabel María Introzzi","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02066-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02066-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theoretical frameworks suggest that cognitive inhibition suppresses irrelevant information in working memory, preventing overload and promoting the processing of task-relevant information. Consequently, it may also contribute to more complex skills, such as abstract reasoning, by facilitating the retention and processing of patterns and relationships. However, empirical evidence does not consistently show these relationships in early elementary school years. This study aims to examine the validity of the following theoretical proposition: cognitive inhibition is a fundamental process that influences working memory, and both contribute to abstract reasoning in children aged 6-8 years. The final sample included 293 schoolchildren from 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grades, who completed tasks measuring cognitive inhibition, working memory, and reasoning. Age was also considered in the analyses. The main results indicate that age is associated with improvements in working memory and reasoning (explaining 19% of the variance), but not with cognitive inhibition performance. Additionally, cognitive inhibition directly contributes to working memory (explaining 19% of the variance), and working memory, but not cognitive inhibition, contributes to abstract reasoning (the model explains 23% of the variance). No indirect effects were found. We discuss the importance of incorporating specific relationships between cognitive skills at different developmental stages into theoretical and practical proposals.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of neural integration of math and spatial experiences for math ability and math anxiety.","authors":"Raeanne N Martell, Richard J Daker, H Moriah Sokolowski, Daniel Ansari, Ian M Lyons","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02063-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02063-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mathematical and spatial abilities are positively related at both the behavioral and neural levels. Much of the evidence illuminating this relationship comes from classic laboratory-based experimental methods focused on cognitive performance despite most individuals also experiencing math and space in other contexts, such as in conversations or lectures. To broaden our understanding of math-space integration in these more commonplace situations, we used an auditory memory-encoding task with stimuli whose content evoked a range of educational and everyday settings related to math or spatial thinking. We used a multivariate approach to directly assess the extent of neural similarity between activity patterns elicited by these math and spatial stimuli. Results from whole-brain searchlight analysis revealed a highly specific positive relation between math and spatial activity patterns in bilateral anterior hippocampi. Examining individual variation in math-space similarity, we found that greater math-space similarity in bilateral anterior hippocampi was associated with poorer math skills and higher anxiety about math. Integration of neural responses to mathematical and spatial content may not always portend positive outcomes. We suggest that episodic simulation of quotidian contexts may link everyday experiences with math and spatial thinking-and the strength of this link is predictive of math in a manner that diverges from math-space associations derived from more lab-based tasks. On a methodological level, this work points to the value of considering a wider range of experimental paradigms, and of the value of combining multivariate fMRI analysis with behavioral data to better contextualize interpretations of brain data.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}