Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung最新文献_第5页

The impact of sensory processing sensitivity on subtle dynamic facial expression recognition and metacognitive awareness. 感觉加工敏感性对细微动态面部表情识别和元认知意识的影响。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-08-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02364-9

Luchuan Xiao, Natacha Deroost, Ning Ma, Kris Baetens

{"title":"The impact of sensory processing sensitivity on subtle dynamic facial expression recognition and metacognitive awareness.","authors":"Luchuan Xiao, Natacha Deroost, Ning Ma, Kris Baetens","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02364-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02364-9","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines subtle dynamic facial expression recognition and associated metacognitive awareness, and how these cognitive processes are modulated by Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS). Participants (n = 127) completed a dynamic subtle expression categorization task featuring stimuli that displayed only the initial phase of emotional unfolding of full-blown dynamic expressions. Four expressions were included: happy, fearful, angry, and neutral, and participants categorized them using a three-choice format comprising happy, fearful, and angry. Results showed that happiness was recognized most accurately, followed by fear and anger. Higher SPS, as measured by the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS), predicted greater accuracy in recognizing all three emotional categories, suggesting enhanced sensitivity to both positive (happy) and negative (fearful, angry) affective cues. Additionally, an overconfidence bias was observed selectively for fearful expressions. This bias was attenuated as SPS level increased, suggesting greater metacognitive awareness for fear among individuals with high SPS, whereas metacognitive awareness for happy and angry expressions was observed across all participants. These effects remained significant after controlling for Neuroticism, suggesting that refined emotional perception is a distinct feature of SPS. Together, these findings provide empirical support for both perceptual and metacognitive refinement in emotion recognition among highly sensitive individuals. Such heightened sensitivity to subtle emotional cues may underpin their greater empathy and prosocial behaviour, while also contributing to their susceptibility to social and emotional overload.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trial-level noise and the reliability of the perceptual load effect: a preliminary investigation. 试验级噪声与知觉负荷效应的可靠性：初步研究。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02361-y

Derek M Smith, Clifford E Hauenstein, Eric H Schumacher

{"title":"Trial-level noise and the reliability of the perceptual load effect: a preliminary investigation.","authors":"Derek M Smith, Clifford E Hauenstein, Eric H Schumacher","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02361-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02361-y","url":null,"abstract":"The perceptual load effect, where increased perceptual demands reduce distractor processing, is a well-established phenomenon in attention research. Despite its robustness at the group level, its psychometric properties remain largely unexplored, limiting its utility in individual differences research. This gap is particularly important given growing concerns about the poor reliability of many canonical cognitive effects, which undermines their suitability for correlational studies. In this study, we assess whether hierarchical Bayesian models can provide precise estimates of the test-retest reliability of perceptual load sensitivity. A two-session design was employed to obtain empirical data, which was used to estimate trial-level noise. This noise estimate anchored a set of simulations examining how factors such as noise magnitude and trial count influence the precision of reliability estimates derived from hierarchical Bayesian modeling. While hierarchical Bayesian models offer a promising framework for disentangling trial-level noise from true inter-subject variation, our findings suggest that we still lack a clear picture of the perceptual load effect's true reliability when constrained to trial numbers that are practical for correlational research, at least when only two levels of load are present in the task. These results indicate that the reliability challenges observed in other cognitive control paradigms extend to the perceptual load effect and highlight the need for methodological innovations to improve its measurement in individual differences research.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The "Feeling" of inattention: ADHD symptoms and mind wandering beyond remembered thought content. 注意力不集中的“感觉”：多动症的症状和思维游离超出记忆的思想内容。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02358-7

Liam T Yeo, Emma Fernando, Nicholaus P Brosowsky

{"title":"The \"Feeling\" of inattention: ADHD symptoms and mind wandering beyond remembered thought content.","authors":"Liam T Yeo, Emma Fernando, Nicholaus P Brosowsky","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02358-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02358-7","url":null,"abstract":"Mind wandering is frequently associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adults, yet the precise nature of this relationship remains unclear. The current study applied an approach from mind-wandering research to the context of ADHD by distinguishing between remembered mind wandering, defined as explicitly recalling off-task thought content, and subjective feelings of inattention, defined as sensing that one's attention was off task without recalling specific thoughts. We investigated how these distinct aspects of off-task experience relate to ADHD symptomatology, well-being, impairment, and sustained-attention performance. Participants from university and online ADHD communities completed the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) with thought probes assessing remembered mind wandering and subjective inattention, along with measures of ADHD symptoms, well-being, and impairment. Results showed partially separable patterns of association: subjective feelings of inattention were associated with inattentive symptoms, well-being, impairment, and poorer SART performance, whereas remembered mind wandering was associated primarily with hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. These findings suggest that the association between mind wandering and ADHD depends on how off-task experience is defined and measured. More broadly, they highlight the importance of distinguishing metacognitive judgments about attentional state from reports of thought content when evaluating mind wandering, because reports of being off task may not always imply access to identifiable task-unrelated thoughts. By separating attentional state from accessible thought content, the present study helps clarify the complex relationship between mind wandering and ADHD and points to a broader measurement issue in research on inattention and off-task thought.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The facilitating effect of Chinese character linguistic knowledge on working memory updating. 汉字语言知识对工作记忆更新的促进作用。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-08-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02363-w

Hongli Li, Xiaoxuan Shi, Yihang Ouyang, Jingwen Wang, Xin Zhao

{"title":"The facilitating effect of Chinese character linguistic knowledge on working memory updating.","authors":"Hongli Li, Xiaoxuan Shi, Yihang Ouyang, Jingwen Wang, Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02363-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02363-w","url":null,"abstract":"Information representations in working memory (WM) decay rapidly over time. Although phonological rehearsal partially compensates for this decay of memory traces, the extent to which WM updating benefits from linguistic knowledge and whether this benefit is independent of phonological rehearsal strategies remains unclear. This study addressed this question using two progressive experiments. Experiment 1 employed a verbal N-back task (1-back and 2-back) to compare WM updating performance between real and pseudo-characters. Results showed that real characters elicited significantly shorter reaction times than pseudo-characters in the 2-back task, with no difference observed in the low-load 1-back task. This indicates that task load modulates the facilitating effect of linguistic knowledge. Experiment 2 disrupted phonological rehearsal ability through forced numerical repetition, after which the performance between stimulus types was compared. Results showed that real characters demonstrated higher accuracy than pseudo-characters in 1-back and 2-back tasks, confirming the memory stability advantage of linguistic knowledge. Additionally, real characters exhibited shorter reaction times than pseudo-characters in the 2-back task. The facilitating effect of Chinese language knowledge on WM updating is not entirely dependent on phonological rehearsal strategy. This finding reveals that knowledge representations (particularly semantic knowledge) serve as key modulators of WM updating, offering new insights and empirical support for refining WM theories. Public significance statement. This study explored how linguistic knowledge affected working memory (WM) updating during Chinese-character processing. This indicates that familiar characters boost memory performance under a high cognitive load, even when phonological rehearsals are disrupted. This finding reveals that knowledge representations are key modulators of WM updating, offering new insights and empirical support for refining WM theories.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does artificiality matter? Comparing working memory performance for artificial and real faces. 人为因素重要吗？比较人工面孔和真实面孔的工作记忆表现。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-08-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02360-z

Devrim Kalkan, Hilal Kotan, Hakan Karlı

{"title":"Does artificiality matter? Comparing working memory performance for artificial and real faces.","authors":"Devrim Kalkan, Hilal Kotan, Hakan Karlı","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02360-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02360-z","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Artificial faces are frequently used in research on perception, attention, working memory, and long-term memory. Although artificial faces offer advantages in terms of standardization, time, and cost, people tend to recognize real human faces more accurately than artificial faces in long-term memory tasks. However, there is no direct comparison of working memory performance between human and artificial faces. This study aims to examine the effect of artificial faces on working memory performance. Additionally, the study investigated the effects of the emotional valence of facial stimuli and the cognitive load of the task on working memory performance.Methods: Forty-five adults (18-36 years) completed an n-back task with two conditions: human faces and computer-generated versions of the same identities (artificial faces). Working-memory load was manipulated at two levels (1-back and 2-back), and emotional valence was varied across three levels (neutral, happy, and angry). Sensitivity (d') and reaction times served as dependent measures to examine the effects of stimulus type, cognitive load, and emotional valence on working-memory performance.Results: Results showed that sensitivity was lower and reaction times were longer for artificial faces compared to the real faces. Moreover, performance decreased as cognitive load increased, whereas the effect of emotional valence was not statistically significant.Conclusions: These findings suggest that artificial faces are processed less efficiently not only in long-term memory but also in working-memory. The results are discussed within the context of the face-space model and the other-race effect.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148727633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal effects of exercise on retrieval-induced forgetting. 运动对检索诱发遗忘的时间效应。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-08-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02355-w

Paul D Loprinzi, David O Shopeju, Benjamin C Storm

{"title":"Temporal effects of exercise on retrieval-induced forgetting.","authors":"Paul D Loprinzi, David O Shopeju, Benjamin C Storm","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02355-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02355-w","url":null,"abstract":"Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) refers to the phenomenon whereby selectively retrieving some information impairs later recall of related, non-retrieved information, often interpreted as reflecting inhibitory control processes during memory retrieval. Recent work suggested that acute aerobic exercise performed between repeated memory tests may preserve the RIF effect over time. The present study sought to directly replicate and extend this finding using a larger and more controlled experimental design. Healthy young adults (N = 372) completed a standard category-exemplar RIF task involving selective retrieval practice followed by two final test assessments. Between the two tests, participants were randomly assigned to one of five conditions that manipulated exercise exposure, duration, and order (exercise, standing control, or combined sequences). Exercise was performed on a treadmill at vigorous intensity (80% heart-rate reserve), whereas control conditions involved standing on a stationary treadmill. Replicating the classic RIF effect, recall for Rp- items was significantly lower than for Nrp- items. However, contrary to prior findings, acute exercise did not preserve RIF across the two tests. Instead, the magnitude of RIF decreased from the first to the second test across all groups, driven primarily by improved recall of previously suppressed items. These findings indicate that RIF can attenuate with repeated retrieval but fail to provide evidence that acute exercise acts to stabilize retrieval-induced forgetting.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148708080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The space of words: semantic integration of space-related words in noun sensorimotor processing. 词的空间：名词感觉运动加工中空间相关词的语义整合。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02326-1

Gioacchino Garofalo, Lucia Riggio, Francesco Bianchini, Elena Gherri

{"title":"The space of words: semantic integration of space-related words in noun sensorimotor processing.","authors":"Gioacchino Garofalo, Lucia Riggio, Francesco Bianchini, Elena Gherri","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02326-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02326-1","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence suggests that the processing of graspable object nouns elicits specific motor programs related to potential hand-object interactions. Notably, adjectives specifying manipulative features of these objects are integrated into this sensorimotor representation. In the present study, three experiments were conducted to explore the impact of spatial adjectives denoting the position of the object in space on the sensorimotor representation of graspable object nouns. We used a reach-to-grasp compatibility task, in which participants had to categorize object nouns as artifact or natural, by performing either a power or a precision reach-to-grasp movement matching or not the typical grip associated with the object. On each trial the object noun was presented with a second word specifying the location of the object in space (e.g. near vs. far). In addition, using the same task, we explore also the impact of a different class of words on the object sensorimotor representation that are spatial demonstratives (i.e., this and that) In all experiments, a reliable grasp compatibility effect emerged. The grasp-compatibility effect was modulated differentially by spatial adjectives and spatial demonstratives, revealing not only that both elements are integrated into the noun sensorimotor representation, but also that these different word categories lead to different spatial representations of the object during the semantic processing of object-related words combinations.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modality-specific attentional biases to facial vs. vocal emotions. 对面部和声音情绪的形态特异性注意偏差。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02356-9

M Morningstar, O Merulla, R J T Bonar, E Ilyaz

{"title":"Modality-specific attentional biases to facial vs. vocal emotions.","authors":"M Morningstar, O Merulla, R J T Bonar, E Ilyaz","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02356-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02356-9","url":null,"abstract":"Most research on attentional biases towards emotional information has been conducted in the visual modality. There are theoretical debates about whether attentional processes generalize across nonverbal modalities (e.g., facial vs. vocal), but no research has directly compared how emotional faces and voices capture attentional resources. The current study compared response time-based measures of attentional bias to emotional expressions in facial and vocal dot-probe tasks. Participants (18-63 years old; 52% men, 45% women, 3% non-binary) located cues that replaced one of two simultaneously presented stimuli (pairings of angry-neutral, happy-neutral, or angry-happy faces/voices). Participants showed greater difficulty disengaging from non-targets (i.e., neutral stimuli, or happy stimuli when paired with angry) in the vocal than the facial modality. Attention shifted from greater avoidance of vocal emotional targets to greater vigilance towards them across trials, but there was no change in attentional biases towards facial stimuli across the task. Differential attentional biases to emotional versus neutral voices may thus be larger in magnitude and more dynamic than with faces. Taken together, these findings provide emerging evidence of distinct patterns of attentional allocation between nonverbal modalities in the dot-probe. Future work should examine whether stimulus or task features contribute to modality-specific attentional biases to emotion.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Central tendency biases in temporal memory: extending Vierordt's law to sequential order and distance judgments under emotional contexts. 时间记忆中的集中倾向偏差：将Vierordt定律扩展到情绪情境下的顺序和距离判断。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-08-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02357-8

Zhiwei Cao, Yuanchun Wu, Qun Ye

{"title":"Central tendency biases in temporal memory: extending Vierordt's law to sequential order and distance judgments under emotional contexts.","authors":"Zhiwei Cao, Yuanchun Wu, Qun Ye","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02357-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02357-8","url":null,"abstract":"Vierordt's law is a well-established phenomenon in time perception research, describing systematic biases where long durations tend to be underestimated while short durations tend to be overestimated. The present study investigated whether these central tendency biases extend to temporal memory and examined how emotional context influences such estimation biases. Through three experiments employing pictorial and textual stimuli, we assessed the accuracy of temporal distance and position memories. Consistent with Vierordt's law, we found robust regression-toward-the-mean biases across all experiments: items near the beginning of a sequence were remembered as having occurred later than they did, while items near the end were remembered as having occurred earlier; short inter-item distances were overestimated and long distances underestimated. Trial-level linear mixed-effects models using participants' subjective valence ratings as a continuous predictor revealed that emotional valence did not reliably modulate the central tendency bias in Experiments 1a (images, blocked design) or 1b (words, blocked design). In Experiment 2, which employed a mixed-list design and collected trial-level confidence ratings, confidence robustly attenuated the central tendency bias across both temporal memory measures, whereas emotional valence did not produce a robust modulation of this bias. Overall, the central tendency bias in temporal memory proved highly replicable across stimulus types and designs, whereas emotional modulation was minimal. Our findings extend the scope of Vierordt's law to quasi-retrospective temporal memory and highlight the role of memory confidence in shaping temporal reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond a unitary Simon effect: dissociating stimulus- and response-driven spatial interference across finger and leg responses. 超越单一的西蒙效应：分离刺激和反应驱动的空间干扰跨越手指和腿的反应。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02354-x

Fereidoun Malaei, Jamin Halberstadt

{"title":"Beyond a unitary Simon effect: dissociating stimulus- and response-driven spatial interference across finger and leg responses.","authors":"Fereidoun Malaei, Jamin Halberstadt","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02354-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02354-x","url":null,"abstract":"The Simon effect-faster and more accurate responding when stimulus location corresponds to response side-reflects competition between goal-directed response selection and automatic spatial coding. Although typically treated as a single performance index, this aggregate measure obscures the distinct contributions of stimulus location (left vs. right) and response side (left vs. right) to spatial interference. The present study examined how effector type shapes stimulus- and response-related spatial interference by comparing seated finger presses and standing leg taps in the Simon task (N = 32). Treating stimulus location and response side as independent analytical factors revealed four stimulus- and response-driven interference contrasts for each effector. For reaction times, all four contrasts were significant for leg responses, whereas three were significant for fingers, with the right response-driven contrast the largest (58.9 ms) and the left response-driven the smallest (27.1 ms). For errors, significant effects were observed for fingers only, in the right response-driven (6.80%) and left stimulus-driven (6.49%) contrasts. The congruency sequence effect-reduced interference following incongruent relative to congruent trials-was significant for both effectors in reaction times, with a larger numerical reduction for fingers (77.2%) than legs (43.9%), but significant only for fingers in errors, where interference was eliminated and marginally reversed following incongruent trials. The four interference contrasts decreased substantially across blocks for leg responses - both in absolute and proportional terms - but remained largely stable for fingers. These findings highlight effector-specific patterns of conflict resolution, with potential implications for cognitive-motor assessment and rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13424543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0