Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung最新文献_第6页

Video game practice is associated with enhanced value-guided exploitation under probabilistic uncertainty. 在概率不确定性下，电子游戏实践与价值导向开发的增强有关。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-07-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02349-8

Luis A Llamas-Alonso, Andrea J Quevedo-Calderon, Sandra L Quiñones-Beltran, Ana Lucía Jiménez-Pérez, Arturo Arvizu-Oviedo, Armando Q Angulo-Chavira

{"title":"Video game practice is associated with enhanced value-guided exploitation under probabilistic uncertainty.","authors":"Luis A Llamas-Alonso, Andrea J Quevedo-Calderon, Sandra L Quiñones-Beltran, Ana Lucía Jiménez-Pérez, Arturo Arvizu-Oviedo, Armando Q Angulo-Chavira","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02349-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02349-8","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined whether habitual video game play influences reinforcement learning dynamics, feedback adaptation, consolidation, and motivational biases. Two groups of participants (gamers and controls) completed a Probabilistic Selection Task that assessed learning from positive and negative feedback across three phases: Learning, Test, and Transfer. Mixed-effects modeling revealed that gamers showed enhanced learning trajectories, particularly under high-uncertainty conditions; however, computational modeling indicated no differences in learning rate (α), suggesting comparable value updating across groups. Gamers exhibited a higher tendency toward model-based exploitative (value-consistent) choices during learning compared to controls. In the Test phase, gamers demonstrated higher accuracy, especially on difficult stimulus pairs, suggesting more effective use of learned value representations under no-feedback conditions. This was further supported by greater model-based exploitative choices for challenging pairs. However, while no group differences emerged in transfer-phase approach/avoidance biases (VLBI), gamers showed greater decision consistency (higher inverse temperature, β) and increased exploitative choices in high-value (A-present) trials, indicating more deterministic value-guided behavior during generalization. These findings suggest that habitual video game play improves how efficiently learned values are translated into action under uncertainty, highlighting the potential of game-like environments to enhance value-guided decision-making and adaptive behavior in educational and clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13415654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148608803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attention in depth: perceptual load modulates distractor interference in a three-dimensional space. 深度注意：知觉负荷调节三维空间中干扰物的干扰。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02352-z

Dylan Naceur, Marie Izaute, François Marmoiton, Sylvain Madec, Gerhard Rinkenauer, Laetitia Silvert

{"title":"Attention in depth: perceptual load modulates distractor interference in a three-dimensional space.","authors":"Dylan Naceur, Marie Izaute, François Marmoiton, Sylvain Madec, Gerhard Rinkenauer, Laetitia Silvert","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02352-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02352-z","url":null,"abstract":"Although vision is inherently three-dimensional, depth has often been overlooked in the literature on selective attention. The present study examined how perceptual load modulates attentional selection in depth. Fifty participants took part in the study, which was conducted in virtual reality, a recently emerging technique offering precise experimental control of depth. The target always appeared in the middle plane, and the distractor could appear either in the same plane as the target, in front of it, or behind it. The perceptual load was manipulated by defining Go/No-go cues on the basis of either a single feature (low load) or a conjunction of features (high load). The results revealed that under low load, distractors in the front and same planes interfered with performance, whereas distractors in the back plane did not, which is consistent with a viewer-centered attentional gradient. Under high load, distractor interference was eliminated across all depth planes. These findings suggest that increased perceptual load is associated with reduced distractor interference regardless of the distractor's depth plane, although the mechanism underlying this effect remains to be clarified. Overall, these results provide initial evidence for extending Perceptual Load Theory to three-dimensional contexts and highlight the importance of considering depth in models of selective attention.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Training variability facilitates the flexibility of goal-specific spatial probability learning. 训练变异性促进了特定目标空间概率学习的灵活性。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-07-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02351-0

Yingming Pei, Jiaxin Xu, Kexin Zhang, Qingyue Yu, Jingjing Qian, Yanju Ren

{"title":"Training variability facilitates the flexibility of goal-specific spatial probability learning.","authors":"Yingming Pei, Jiaxin Xu, Kexin Zhang, Qingyue Yu, Jingjing Qian, Yanju Ren","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02351-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02351-0","url":null,"abstract":"Selection history is traditionally characterized as a rigid and automated habit that persists regardless of current goals. Although recent research suggests that explicit goals can modulate this process, the mechanisms underlying this flexibility and its acquisition conditions remain poorly understood. Across two experiments using simple geometric shapes, the present study examined the joint modulatory effects of explicit goals and training variability on spatial probability learning. Experiment 1 demonstrated that explicit goals can directly activate the spatial priority map, ruling out confounds based on long-term semantic associations. Crucially, this modulation was found to be highly target-specific, as the spatial bias vanished immediately when the explicit cue was removed. Experiment 2 investigated the acquisition of this flexibility through the lens of the Contextual Interference effect. We found that training format played a highly influential role: In Experiment 2 A (Interleaved training), where background colors switched randomly across trials, participants successfully established a robust, flexible \"context-goal\" mapping. However, in Experiment 2B (Blocked training), participants failed to transfer the learned bias to a dynamic test phase, despite showing strong effects during learning. These results suggest that flexibility is not inherent to probability cueing but is learned. Establishing a robust Contextual Gating mechanism requires high-variability training that forces active strategy retrieval, whereas low-variability training yields only fragile biases dependent on passive priming. These findings support a conditional automaticity account of selection history.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148537212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are the correlates of mind wandering consistent across younger and older adults? 走神的相关因素在年轻人和老年人中是否一致？

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-07-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02337-y

Matthew S Welhaf, Cathy Zhang, Maddie R Valdez, Wouter Kool, Julie M Bugg

{"title":"Are the correlates of mind wandering consistent across younger and older adults?","authors":"Matthew S Welhaf, Cathy Zhang, Maddie R Valdez, Wouter Kool, Julie M Bugg","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02337-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02337-y","url":null,"abstract":"The correlates of mind wandering are well studied in younger adult samples. However, little is known about the correlates of mind wandering among older adults. The current study took a comprehensive approach to investigating age-related differences in the correlates of mind wandering. Participants (n = 150 younger and n = 150 older adults) completed a series of attention tasks. During some of these tasks, participants were periodically probed to report on their mind-wandering experiences. Additionally, participants completed several questionnaires capturing theoretically relevant constructs such as motivation, affect, and dispositional factors. We used confirmatory factor analysis to assess correlations between our predictors and mind wandering at the construct level. We found that some factors (e.g., task-based motivation) were significantly correlated with mind wandering in both age groups, while other factors were significant correlates in one age group but not the other. Despite these apparent differences, many of the correlations did not statistically differ across the groups. We did find, however, that the association between behavioral attention lapses and mind wandering was significantly stronger in younger adults compared to older adults. A secondary aim was to replicate and extend prior work examining the mediating factors in the age-mind wandering relationship. Consistent with prior findings, we showed that motivational and affective factors only partially mediated the relationship between age and mind wandering. Our findings can help inform and refine theories of mind wandering by showing that key predictors of mind wandering are largely consistent across younger and older adults.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anticipatory attentional avoidance in learned threat associations. 习得性威胁联想中的预期注意回避。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02342-1

Botond László Kiss, Giovanna C Del Sordo, Michael C Hout, Ferenc Kocsor, Andras N Zsido

{"title":"Anticipatory attentional avoidance in learned threat associations.","authors":"Botond László Kiss, Giovanna C Del Sordo, Michael C Hout, Ferenc Kocsor, Andras N Zsido","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02342-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02342-1","url":null,"abstract":"The processing of threatening content tends to take priority over neutral or other emotional stimuli. Compared to other attentional biases (in response to threat), less research has been dedicated to understanding anticipatory attentional avoidance, and existing studies on this topic have yielded mixed results. In this study, we investigated anticipatory attentional avoidance, focusing on how predictive cues associated with threatening stimuli influence attentional processing before the actual threat appears. We used a cued visual probe task, in which a neutral cue (onset times: 100, 500, or 1000ms) predicted the location of a threatening stimulus. Across two experiments, we examined both behavioral and eye-tracking measures to capture avoidance patterns. In Experiment 1 (behavioral: N = 33; eye-tracking: N = 23), predictive cues appeared in the same location as the subsequent target (i.e., in the corners of the screen), while in Experiment 2 (behavioral: N = 51; eye-tracking: N = 22), predictive cues were presented centrally, separating cue and target locations. Our results showed that participants associated the threatening content with the predictive cue and learned to avoid attending to the spatial position of the threat-related stimuli. This avoidance was reflected in slower reaction times and gaze patterns that shifted away from the threat-predictive cues during presentation, particularly at longer cue presentation times. However, we found no differences in the onset of gaze shifts to the target, suggesting that avoidance occurs primarily during early anticipatory stages. These findings suggest that anticipatory attentional avoidance may appear as a distinct process that could emerge in response to learned threat associations.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13372855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contrasting the classic effect of reward on attentional priority maps: behavioral evidence for an attentional gating of spatially-specific reward signals. 对比奖励对注意优先图的经典效应：空间特异性奖励信号的注意门控的行为证据。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02350-1

Bertrand Beffara, Fadila Hadj-Bouziane, Suliann Ben Hamed, Irene Cristofori, Leslie Tricoche, C Nico Boehler, Leonardo Chelazzi, Elisa Santandrea, Emiliano Macaluso

{"title":"Contrasting the classic effect of reward on attentional priority maps: behavioral evidence for an attentional gating of spatially-specific reward signals.","authors":"Bertrand Beffara, Fadila Hadj-Bouziane, Suliann Ben Hamed, Irene Cristofori, Leslie Tricoche, C Nico Boehler, Leonardo Chelazzi, Elisa Santandrea, Emiliano Macaluso","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02350-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02350-1","url":null,"abstract":"The control of selective visuo-spatial attention is known to rely on multiple signals, including reward. While most attention control signals are well acknowledged to interact with each other, the case of reward has led to mixed findings supporting either its interaction with, or its independence from other signals. We addressed this issue using a 4-item search task that entailed spatially biased reward contingencies, with one of the four locations associated with high rewards for correct target discriminations. In different conditions, the target, a distractor or neither of them could be physically salient. Targets at the high-reward location did not enhance search performance. In contrast, and contrary to our initial expectations, salient distractors at the high-reward location interfered less with the discrimination of the task-relevant targets, reflecting gating mechanisms at the high-reward location. Exploratory analyses showed that, across participants, the degree of target and salient distractor gating at the high-reward location correlated with each other. In contrast to previous findings supporting attention capture by reward signals, we evidenced gating by reward.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Executive functioning in the first 24 months: A scoping review of the A-not-B task. 前24个月的执行功能：A-非- b任务的范围审查。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02330-5

Cláudia Ramos, Alfredo F Pereira, Joana Baptista

{"title":"Executive functioning in the first 24 months: A scoping review of the A-not-B task.","authors":"Cláudia Ramos, Alfredo F Pereira, Joana Baptista","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02330-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02330-5","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies highlight the importance of early executive functioning (EF); notwithstanding, these studies remain limited due to methodological difficulties. The A-not-B task has been adapted to assess EF; however, variations in its administration hinder result comparability and standardization. This scoping review mapped the procedures used in studies employing the A-not-B task to assess EF in children up to 24 months. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for empirical studies published in English. From 350 references, 53 articles were included. Most studies primarily focused on assessing global EF, working memory, and inhibitory control; employed the standard two-locations task with fixed delays, used two consecutive correct trials to switch locations, and measured accuracy as the main outcome. Testing typically ended after the completion of trials/sequences. Few studies reported inclusion criteria. This review summarizes A-not-B procedures to identify research gaps and support methodological consistency in early EF assessment.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13372870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of hand dominance on haptic and visual size comparisons. 手优势对触觉和视觉尺寸比较的影响。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02332-3

Peter Wühr, Herbert Heuer

{"title":"The impact of hand dominance on haptic and visual size comparisons.","authors":"Peter Wühr, Herbert Heuer","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02332-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02332-3","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the impact of handedness on haptic and visual size comparisons. Moreover, we sought to determine whether strength differences between the hands are correlated with lateral differences between judged sizes. Therefore, 80 left-handed and 80 right-handed young adults (without additional constraints on individual characteristics except for those required by the experimental tasks) completed a bimanual haptic size-comparison task, a visual size-comparison task, and strength measurements of fingers, hands, and arms. In the haptic size-comparison task, we observed an impact of handedness: Both left- and right-handers underestimated the size of an object in their dominant hand relative to an object in their non-dominant hand. This hand-related bias was confined to the haptic modality; in the visual size-comparison task, we observed a small overestimation of stimulus size in the right visual hemifield, as compared to the left visual hemifield, in right-handers, but not in left-handers. The strength measurements revealed the expected superiority of the dominant effector over the non-dominant effector, but the strength asymmetries were not correlated with the bias in haptic size-comparisons. The observed impact of handedness on haptic size judgments represents a case of embodied perception in the haptic modality.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13372956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The behavioral evidence of processing congruences and incongruences between Self- and Other-perspective-related representations during both perspective judgments. 两种视角判断过程中自我和他人视角相关表征的一致性和不一致性的行为证据。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02311-8

Anna Gunia, Adam Kalina, Alena Javůrková, Kamil Vlček

{"title":"The behavioral evidence of processing congruences and incongruences between Self- and Other-perspective-related representations during both perspective judgments.","authors":"Anna Gunia, Adam Kalina, Alena Javůrková, Kamil Vlček","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02311-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02311-8","url":null,"abstract":"Daily, we make visuospatial self-perspective judgments from our actual perspective (SPJ). However, social contexts often require imagining another viewpoint-visuospatial perspective-taking (VPT). VPT is costlier than SPJ, and gets even costlier in autism, schizophrenia, and aging. One explanation is interference from self-related representations. This interference may reflect a mechanism that processes various self- and other-related representations, supported by the temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Moreover, reportedly other-related representations also influence SPJ, though this remains debated. An additional explanation for VPT difficulty in literature is the mental body-schema transformation needed to adopt another perspective at greater angular disparities between perspectives. However, studies often confounded angle with left/right representational incongruence between perspectives. In our previous iEEG study, we found robust TPJ activity during both SPJ and VPT, possibly reflecting the processing of self-other representations. To test whether self-other representations are processed during both perspective judgments, we analyzed behavioral data from the same participants. We categorized trials by an object's left/right congruence between the perspectives. We hypothesized that if self-other representations are processed during both judgments, participants will show greater difficulty in incongruent vs. congruent scenarios during SPJ and VPT. Linear mixed model analysis confirmed this: for both SPJ and VPT, errors were higher on incongruent than congruent trials. These findings show that self-other representations are processed in both SPJ and VPT, and incongruent ones cause interference, highlight left/right congruence as a key factor in VPT studies, and motivate further research with a similar approach on TPJ's role in processing multimodal self-other representations.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13364830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From exemplars to categories: generalization of action-effect learning in a free-choice task. 从范例到类别：自由选择任务中行动效果学习的概化。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2026-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-026-02347-w

Takumi Tanaka, Felice Tavera, Hilde Haider, Kanji Tanaka

{"title":"From exemplars to categories: generalization of action-effect learning in a free-choice task.","authors":"Takumi Tanaka, Felice Tavera, Hilde Haider, Kanji Tanaka","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02347-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02347-w","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental aspect of intentional action is the ability to generalize learned action-effect relations to novel situations. However, the mechanisms underlying such categorical generalization, particularly in the context of voluntary action selection, remain contested. Across four free-choice experiments, participants first learned that pressing each of two keys produced pictures from one of two categories. The learning experience ranged from repeated presentation of a single dog or car image to one-time presentation of many diverse animal or machine images. At test, participants saw novel pictures from the learned categories and freely chose either key. Results for the total sample consistently demonstrated a significant generalization effect: participants preferentially selected actions congruent with the category of novel test stimuli, even when each learning image appeared only once. At the same time, this group-level effect was partly driven by a subset of participants exhibiting near-deterministic choice patterns, and the statistical evidence for this effect was weakened after excluding them. These findings show that learned action-effect relations can guide voluntary choices for novel category members and that repeated exposure to the specific exemplar is not necessary for such generalization. Individual differences further suggest that explicit action-category knowledge and its strategic use contribute to generalization. From Exemplars to Categories: Generalization of Action-Effect Learning in a Free-choice Task.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13356063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0