Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung最新文献_第6页

An ERP study on multiplication and its relationship to phonological processing in children and adults. 儿童和成人乘法及其与语音加工关系的ERP研究。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02036-6

Heather G Simpson, Lisa M Henderson, Silke M Göbel

{"title":"An ERP study on multiplication and its relationship to phonological processing in children and adults.","authors":"Heather G Simpson, Lisa M Henderson, Silke M Göbel","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02036-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02036-6","url":null,"abstract":"Associations between arithmetic and reading skills suggest that these important abilities may rely, at least in part, on shared neurocognitive processes. It has been argued that retrieval of arithmetic facts may rely on phonological processing; however, very few studies have explored this association using neural indices and whether it manifests similarly in children and adults. Here we examined event related potentials (ERPs) as an indirect neural correlate of arithmetic fact retrieval, and whether variability in ERP modulation is associated with individual differences in phonological processing (verbal working memory, rate of access, and phonological awareness). Arithmetic processing was examined in two samples with different levels of arithmetic expertise: (1) young adults (n = 24; Mage = 21.8 years); and (2) children (n = 25; Mage = 11.2 years). Participants were presented with simple multiplication equations that were correct or incorrect. Significant modulations of the ERPs by correctness were found at posterior electrodes in both samples, however, in different components. In adults a modulation of the P300 was observed, while for children the N400 response was modulated. For both children and adults, the size of the ERP modulation in posterior electrodes was associated with individual differences in verbal working memory. These results highlight an important distinction between behavioral outcomes and their underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. Additionally, they provide insight into how arithmetic processing evolves over the course of development.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Number, size, and space associated in a common system by distinct mechanisms. 通过不同的机制在一个共同系统中关联的数量、大小和空间。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02052-6

Bihua Cao, Zhenwei Su, Fang Yi, Fuhong Li

{"title":"Number, size, and space associated in a common system by distinct mechanisms.","authors":"Bihua Cao, Zhenwei Su, Fang Yi, Fuhong Li","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02052-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02052-6","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect demonstrates that people respond faster to small numbers with their left hand and faster to large numbers with their right hand. The size congruity effect (SCE) refers to the fact that congruent trials between numerical values and physical sizes are faster than incongruent trials. Previous studies have found that the SNARC effect and SCE are independent when magnitudes or sizes are processed explicitly. This study aimed to explore whether number, size, and space are common and distinct mechanisms using an implicit parity judgment task. The results showed that the SNARC effect, SCE, and SNARC-like effect all co-existed. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between the SNARC effect and SCE, in which the SNARC effect in the SCE-congruent condition was larger than in the SCE-incongruent condition, whereas SCE merely emerged in the SNARC-compatible trials. However, participants responded to small numbers in large size faster than to large numbers in small size with the left hand in SCE-incongruent trials, which reflected that number-space mapping (SNARC effect) was stronger than size-space mapping (SNARC-like effect). These findings provide new evidence for A Theory of Magnitude (ATOM), which suggests that number, size, and space are associated with a common generalized magnitude system through distinct mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimating the distribution of numerosity and non-numerical visual magnitudes in natural scenes using computer vision. 利用计算机视觉估计自然场景中数量级和非数量级的视觉星等分布。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02064-2

Kuinan Hou, Marco Zorzi, Alberto Testolin

{"title":"Estimating the distribution of numerosity and non-numerical visual magnitudes in natural scenes using computer vision.","authors":"Kuinan Hou, Marco Zorzi, Alberto Testolin","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02064-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02064-2","url":null,"abstract":"Humans share with many animal species the ability to perceive and approximately represent the number of objects in visual scenes. This ability improves throughout childhood, suggesting that learning and development play a key role in shaping our number sense. This hypothesis is further supported by computational investigations based on deep learning, which have shown that numerosity perception can spontaneously emerge in neural networks that learn the statistical structure of images with a varying number of items. However, neural network models are usually trained using synthetic datasets that might not faithfully reflect the statistical structure of natural environments, and there is also growing interest in using more ecological visual stimuli to investigate numerosity perception in humans. In this work, we exploit recent advances in computer vision algorithms to design and implement an original pipeline that can be used to estimate the distribution of numerosity and non-numerical magnitudes in large-scale datasets containing thousands of real images depicting objects in daily life situations. We show that in natural visual scenes the frequency of appearance of different numerosities follows a power law distribution. Moreover, we show that the correlational structure for numerosity and continuous magnitudes is stable across datasets and scene types (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous object sets). We suggest that considering such \"ecological\" pattern of covariance is important to understand the influence of non-numerical visual cues on numerosity judgements.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Symbolic representations of infinity: the impact of notation and numerical syntax. 无穷的符号表示：符号和数值语法的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02050-8

Ami Feder, Yair Graithzer, Michal Pinhas

引用次数: 0

Input device matters for measures of behaviour in online experiments. 输入设备对在线实验中的行为测量至关重要。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02065-1

Matthew Warburton, Carlo Campagnoli, Mark Mon-Williams, Faisal Mushtaq, J Ryan Morehead

{"title":"Input device matters for measures of behaviour in online experiments.","authors":"Matthew Warburton, Carlo Campagnoli, Mark Mon-Williams, Faisal Mushtaq, J Ryan Morehead","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02065-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02065-1","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of perception, cognition, and action increasingly rely on measures derived from the movements of a cursor to investigate how psychological processes unfold over time. This method is one of the most sensitive measures available for remote experiments conducted online, but experimenters have little control over the input device used by participants, typically a mouse or trackpad. These two devices require biomechanically distinct movements to operate, so measures extracted from cursor tracking data may differ between input devices. We investigated this in two online experiments requiring participants to execute goal-directed movements. We identify several measures that are critically influenced by the choice of input device using a kinematic decomposition of the recorded cursor trajectories. Those using a trackpad were slower to acquire targets, mainly attributable to greater times required to initiate movements and click on targets, despite showing greater peak speeds and lower variability in their movements. We believe there is a substantial risk that behavioural disparities caused by the input device used could be misidentified as differences in psychological processes. We urge researchers to collect data on input devices in online experiments and carefully consider and account for the effect they may have on their experimental data.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anchoring bias in mental arithmetic. 心算中的锚定偏差。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02035-7

Samuel Shaki, Martin H Fischer

{"title":"Anchoring bias in mental arithmetic.","authors":"Samuel Shaki, Martin H Fischer","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02035-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02035-7","url":null,"abstract":"Mental arithmetic is widely studied, both with symbolic digits and with non-symbolic dot patterns that require operand estimation. Several studies reported surprising biases in adults' performance with both formats while their direction (over/underestimation in addition/subtraction) remains controversial (operational momentum effect or OM; Prado & Knops, Prado and Knops, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, in Press., 2024). Theoretical accounts of OM make opposing predictions, thus enabling a decisive test: Using symbolic stimuli and responses, we enabled accurate operand encoding and result reporting, thus leaving mental calculation as only source of bias. Importantly, we manipulated operand order through calculation instructions (e.g., \"29 + 19\" vs. \"add 19 to 29\") to assess the crucial role of first operand size as cognitive anchor. With both auditory (Experiment 1, N = 30) and visual presentation (Experiment 2, N = 30), we observed reverse OM, i.e., overestimations in subtraction and underestimations in addition. Importantly, this instance of operation-based anchoring was independent of a second anchoring effect related to operand order: A large operand is a stronger anchor when mentioned first. Our discovery of both operation-based and order-based anchoring extends the well-known anchoring effect into mental arithmetic and eliminates several competing theories about the origin of OM.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visuospatial working memory and (free and cued) recall of survey knowledge after environment navigation. 环境导航后的视觉空间工作记忆和调查知识的（自由和提示）回忆。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02030-y

Veronica Muffato, Laura Miola, Francesca Pazzaglia, Chiara Meneghetti

{"title":"Visuospatial working memory and (free and cued) recall of survey knowledge after environment navigation.","authors":"Veronica Muffato, Laura Miola, Francesca Pazzaglia, Chiara Meneghetti","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02030-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02030-y","url":null,"abstract":"Navigating environments is a fundamental ability of daily life, with survey knowledge playing a crucial role. Survey knowledge varies between individuals, and these variations may be related to individual differences in visuospatial working memory (VSWM) ability. However, other factors, such as the modalities of recall (cued vs. free recall) of survey knowledge, could interact with VSWM resources. The present study aimed to clarify whether various types of VSWM contribute to survey knowledge under specific recall modalities or regardless of how spatial information is retrieved. A sample of 74 young adults performed VSWM tasks with varying processing demands and degrees of active involvement. Then, they actively learned a virtual city path in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) environment, and their survey knowledge was assessed using a sketch map task in free and cued recall modalities (within-participants). Cued recall demonstrated an advantage in sketch map accuracy over free recall. VSWM with simultaneous processing and active mental imagery is associated with sketch map accuracy, but not other VSWM. Importantly, no interaction was found between VSWM and the modality of recall. Therefore, survey knowledge is primarily related to VSWM, regardless of recall modality, emphasizing the importance of VSWM ability in capturing survey knowledge after active navigation.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autonomy-supportive instructional language does not enhance skill acquisition compared to controlling instructional language. 与控制性教学语言相比，自主支持性教学语言并不能促进技能的掌握。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02059-z

Laura St Germain, Brad McKay, Lidia Barbera, Chitrini Tandon, Jeswende Seedu, Chantal Carrillo, Denver M Y Brown, Michael J Carter

{"title":"Autonomy-supportive instructional language does not enhance skill acquisition compared to controlling instructional language.","authors":"Laura St Germain, Brad McKay, Lidia Barbera, Chitrini Tandon, Jeswende Seedu, Chantal Carrillo, Denver M Y Brown, Michael J Carter","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02059-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02059-z","url":null,"abstract":"Instructional language is one of three techniques in OPTIMAL theory that can be manipulated to foster an autonomy-supportive practice environment to enhance motor performance and learning. While autonomy-supportive language has been shown to be beneficial in educational psychology, coaching, and health settings, the wording of task instructions has received minimal attention in the motor learning literature to date. We investigated the influence of two instructional language styles on skill acquisition in a preregistered experiment. Participants (N = 156) learned a speed cup stacking task and received instructions throughout practice that used either autonomy-supportive or controlling language. Although the autonomy-supportive instructions resulted in higher perceptions of autonomy, there were no group differences for motor performance in acquisition or retention. Perceptions of competence and intrinsic motivation did not differ between groups at any time point. These data are difficult to reconcile with key predictions in OPTIMAL theory regarding a direct and causal influence of motivational factors on performance and learning. However, our equivalence test suggests these effects on skill acquisition may be smaller than what we were powered to detect. These findings are consistent with a growing body of evidence highlighting the need for much larger N experiments in motor learning research.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Linguistic markedness and body specificity in parity judgments: evidence from a go/no-go task. 奇偶判断中的语言标记性和身体特异性：来自 "去/不去 "任务的证据。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02062-4

Mia Šetić Beg, Vanja Sopta, Dražen Domijan

引用次数: 0

Motion in the depth direction appears faster when the target is closer to the observer. 当目标距离观察者较近时，深度方向上的运动会显得更快。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02040-w

Yusei Yoshimura, Tomohiro Kizuka, Seiji Ono

{"title":"Motion in the depth direction appears faster when the target is closer to the observer.","authors":"Yusei Yoshimura, Tomohiro Kizuka, Seiji Ono","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02040-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02040-w","url":null,"abstract":"The target velocity at the retina and the initial phase of target motion are known to affect the perceived velocity of a target in planar motion. For depth motion, however, the role of this information in velocity perception remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to reveal the role of the angular velocity derived from the vergence angle and the initial phase of target motion on the perceived velocity for depth motion. We devised two experimental tasks with five stimuli and used a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm to investigate velocity perception. In the tasks, a target moving toward or away from the observer was used. The five stimuli in each task moved between 40 and 240 cm (standard stimulus), 20 and 240 cm, 20 and 220 cm, 40 and 260 cm, and 60 and 260 cm from the participants. In the comparison of the standard stimulus with other stimuli, the stimuli approaching or receding from a distance of 20 cm were perceived as faster than the standard stimulus approaching or receding from a distance of 40 cm. We also showed that the stimuli that receded starting from a distance of 60 cm were perceived as moving slower than the standard stimulus. Our results suggest that larger changes in angular velocity affect velocity perception for depth motion; thus, observers perceive the target velocity as faster when the target is closer to the observer.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0