Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung最新文献

{"title":"The impact of hand dominance on haptic and visual size comparisons.","authors":"Peter Wühr, Herbert Heuer","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02332-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02332-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated the impact of handedness on haptic and visual size comparisons. Moreover, we sought to determine whether strength differences between the hands are correlated with lateral differences between judged sizes. Therefore, 80 left-handed and 80 right-handed young adults (without additional constraints on individual characteristics except for those required by the experimental tasks) completed a bimanual haptic size-comparison task, a visual size-comparison task, and strength measurements of fingers, hands, and arms. In the haptic size-comparison task, we observed an impact of handedness: Both left- and right-handers underestimated the size of an object in their dominant hand relative to an object in their non-dominant hand. This hand-related bias was confined to the haptic modality; in the visual size-comparison task, we observed a small overestimation of stimulus size in the right visual hemifield, as compared to the left visual hemifield, in right-handers, but not in left-handers. The strength measurements revealed the expected superiority of the dominant effector over the non-dominant effector, but the strength asymmetries were not correlated with the bias in haptic size-comparisons. The observed impact of handedness on haptic size judgments represents a case of embodied perception in the haptic modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13372956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The behavioral evidence of processing congruences and incongruences between Self- and Other-perspective-related representations during both perspective judgments.","authors":"Anna Gunia, Adam Kalina, Alena Javůrková, Kamil Vlček","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02311-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02311-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Daily, we make visuospatial self-perspective judgments from our actual perspective (SPJ). However, social contexts often require imagining another viewpoint-visuospatial perspective-taking (VPT). VPT is costlier than SPJ, and gets even costlier in autism, schizophrenia, and aging. One explanation is interference from self-related representations. This interference may reflect a mechanism that processes various self- and other-related representations, supported by the temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Moreover, reportedly other-related representations also influence SPJ, though this remains debated. An additional explanation for VPT difficulty in literature is the mental body-schema transformation needed to adopt another perspective at greater angular disparities between perspectives. However, studies often confounded angle with left/right representational incongruence between perspectives. In our previous iEEG study, we found robust TPJ activity during both SPJ and VPT, possibly reflecting the processing of self-other representations. To test whether self-other representations are processed during both perspective judgments, we analyzed behavioral data from the same participants. We categorized trials by an object's left/right congruence between the perspectives. We hypothesized that if self-other representations are processed during both judgments, participants will show greater difficulty in incongruent vs. congruent scenarios during SPJ and VPT. Linear mixed model analysis confirmed this: for both SPJ and VPT, errors were higher on incongruent than congruent trials. These findings show that self-other representations are processed in both SPJ and VPT, and incongruent ones cause interference, highlight left/right congruence as a key factor in VPT studies, and motivate further research with a similar approach on TPJ's role in processing multimodal self-other representations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13364830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From exemplars to categories: generalization of action-effect learning in a free-choice task.","authors":"Takumi Tanaka, Felice Tavera, Hilde Haider, Kanji Tanaka","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02347-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02347-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A fundamental aspect of intentional action is the ability to generalize learned action-effect relations to novel situations. However, the mechanisms underlying such categorical generalization, particularly in the context of voluntary action selection, remain contested. Across four free-choice experiments, participants first learned that pressing each of two keys produced pictures from one of two categories. The learning experience ranged from repeated presentation of a single dog or car image to one-time presentation of many diverse animal or machine images. At test, participants saw novel pictures from the learned categories and freely chose either key. Results for the total sample consistently demonstrated a significant generalization effect: participants preferentially selected actions congruent with the category of novel test stimuli, even when each learning image appeared only once. At the same time, this group-level effect was partly driven by a subset of participants exhibiting near-deterministic choice patterns, and the statistical evidence for this effect was weakened after excluding them. These findings show that learned action-effect relations can guide voluntary choices for novel category members and that repeated exposure to the specific exemplar is not necessary for such generalization. Individual differences further suggest that explicit action-category knowledge and its strategic use contribute to generalization. From Exemplars to Categories: Generalization of Action-Effect Learning in a Free-choice Task.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13356063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of global configuration and local motion in point-light walker direction estimation.","authors":"Qi Sun, Min-Ying Nie, Yi-Ning Zhai","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02348-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02348-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While perceiving walking direction from biological motion integrates global and local visual cues, their specific contributions to fine-grained estimation remain unclear. Across four experiments, we manipulated global configuration and local motion in point-light walkers (PLWs) to dissect their roles. Removing global structure impaired precision, whereas inverting local motion reduced both accuracy and precision, suggesting that global form stabilizes perception, while local signals provide directional information. Critically, inverting foot-but not hand-trajectories induced a dominant reversal of perceived depth direction, while its effect on left-right discrimination was substantially weaker, as confirmed by trial-level decomposition analyses. Decomposing foot acceleration revealed that both vertical and horizontal components contribute to direction judgments; reversing either component degraded performance in distinct ways, whereas inverting both yielded substantial improvement, demonstrating a flexible compensatory mechanism-though Bayesian analyses indicated that performance did not fully return to baseline. These findings suggest that fine-grained direction estimation of PLWs is driven primarily by local foot motion and sharpened by global configuration; the visual system can flexibly integrate vertical and horizontal acceleration components of the feet, and can substantially reorganize ambiguous motion patterns through multicue synergy and dynamic compensation. These findings refine the \"life-detector\" hypothesis by highlighting the context-dependent, flexible nature of local cue utilization and provide new evidence for understanding how global and local information interact in biological motion perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autobiographical memories prime semantic memories on the general knowledge task: More evidence of a functional relationship between autobiographical memory and semantic memory.","authors":"John H Mace, Kaitlyn R Parker, Jaden D Woerner","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02345-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02345-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research has shown that the activation of autobiographical memories leads to facilitation on semantic tasks requiring the retrieval of category knowledge or knowledge of associations. Known as autobiographical-to-semantic memory priming, it has been argued that this form of priming reflects the functional role that autobiographical memory can have in semantic processing. In this study, we further examined how autobiographical memory retrieval might facilitate semantic processing, particularly the retrieval of general knowledge (e.g., dogs are related to wolves; cats are feline). In Experiment 1, participants recalled autobiographical memories in response to cue words (e.g., dog, cat, etc.), or they processed words semantically (i.e., made word familiarity judgements), and then they were given the general knowledge task (e.g., what animal is related to a wolf?). The results of this experiment showed that autobiographical memory retrieval led to significant priming on the general knowledge task (relative to controls), and priming following autobiographical memory retrieval was as strong as priming following semantic processing. In Experiment 2, an autobiographical memory recall group and a semantic group also received the general knowledge task, but they had alternatively processed the associates of primes (e.g., mouse in place of cat), and the results of this experiment also showed significant and equivalent priming for both groups. It is argued that the results of this study support the notion that the activation of autobiographical knowledge can facilitate semantic processing, generally, and particularly when such processing requires the retrieval of general knowledge. Further implications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poorer event-based compared to time-based prospective memory in a computerized household chores task.","authors":"Shayne Loft, Ryan Li, Cathryn McKenzie, Romola S Bucks, Steven P Woods, Michael Weinborn","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02338-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02338-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Remembering to carry out deferred tasks in the future is referred to as Prospective Memory (PM). In everyday life, PM can often require switching attention between environmental stimuli, but traditional laboratory PM tasks do not necessarily capture this task element. The aim of the current study was to compare event- and time-based PM in a House PM task, designed to capture this component of PM by requiring individuals to remember to complete multiple housework tasks. Participants completed the House PM task and the Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST). In Experiment 1, participants were undergraduate students or individuals from the local community. The purpose of Experiment 2 was to replicate the outcomes of Experiment 1 and to test for generalizability to a sub-sample of older adults. Across two experiments, we replicated prior findings in the literature of poorer time- compared to event-based PM accuracy on the MIST. In contrast, in both experiments, time-based PM accuracy was better than event-based PM accuracy in the House PM task. In the MIST, event-based PM cues are directly presented within ongoing task activity and are thus in the focus of attention. In contrast, in House PM, individuals need to remember to periodically switch attention between household rooms to detect event-based cues that are perceptually peripheral to ongoing task activity. These outcomes are important because PM demands in everyday life and work settings can require individuals to not only remember to perform a deferred task, but also to periodically remember to switch attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148399614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sounds of creativity: musical, creative, and language factors associated with singing and creative singing.","authors":"Christine Groß, Markus Christiner","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02346-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02346-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Singing integrates musical, linguistic, and creative abilities. This study examined how musical aptitude, linguistic skills, and domain-general creativity jointly predict both standard and creative forms of singing. One hundred and eleven adults completed a standardized battery assessing beat perception (CA-BAT), melodic discrimination (MDT), mistuning perception (MPT), musical self-assessment scales, musical engagement, musical socialisation, and creative task-solving competence. Linguistic expressivity was measured through expressive reading of the fable The North Wind and the Sun, and linguistic adaptability through spontaneous speech imitation in Tagalog and Mandarin, both rated by native speakers. Participants performed two singing tasks-standard and creative renditions of Happy Birthday-evaluated by expert musicians for accuracy and creativity. Stepwise multiple regressions revealed two distinct predictor constellations. Standard singing was best explained by musical engagement, expressive reading, and composite musical ability. Creative singing, by contrast, was predicted by spontaneous speech imitation, expressive reading, and creative problem-solving competence when musical predictors were excluded. These findings indicate that vocal creativity relies on flexible auditory-motor coupling, prosodic expressivity, and cognitive flexibility, rather than musical skill alone. The results highlight the integrative nature of singing as a multimodal form of vocal creativity emerging from interactions among musical, linguistic, and cognitive systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13337679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-other discrimination in face recognition depending on personal familiarity: investigating a sample consisting of Japanese and Han Chinese women.","authors":"Wenxiao Fang, Kenta Eguchi, Takao Fukui","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02335-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02335-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored how the inclusion of others in the self during face recognition is modulated by personal familiarity, cultural background within East Asia, and autistic traits. Female Japanese and Han Chinese university students completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) questionnaire and performed a self-other discrimination task using images of their own face morphed with that of a friend or stranger of the same sex. Thresholds and widths were calculated by fitting a psychometric function to each participant's responses. In both groups, the threshold in the self-friend morphing condition was significantly lower than in the self-unknown morphing condition, and the width in the self-friend morphing condition was significantly larger than in the self-unknown morphing condition, supporting the concept of inclusion of close others in the self and indicating a blurred boundary between the self and close friends. Regarding cultural differences, Japanese participants showed a higher threshold than Chinese participants in the self-unknown condition, whereas no group difference was observed in the self-friend condition. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses revealed that social skill, a subscale of the AQ, was significantly associated with the thresholds in the self-unknown condition, but not in the self-friend condition. This study extends prior research by demonstrating that personal familiarity strongly modulates self-other discrimination in East Asian females and highlights the importance of considering individuals' autistic traits and cultural differences, even within the same cultural region, in face recognition research. STATEMENT OF PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: Recognizing faces is vital for social life. In Japanese and Han Chinese women, close friendships blur the self-other boundary, and the recognition of unknown faces is linked to social skills. When judging blended images made from their own face and a stranger's face, Japanese participants need more of their own facial features than Chinese participants do when deciding that the face is their own. These findings deepen our understanding of social cognition in diverse societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13337850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does sport expertise bridge the sex gap in mental rotation? Bayesian evidence for the critical role of visuospatial demands.","authors":"Ahmed Ben Mehrez, Hamdi Habacha, Nizar Souissi","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02344-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02344-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sex gap in spatial cognition, particularly in mental rotation (MR) represents a robust individual difference with significant implications for achievement in STEM fields. While some research suggests that sport expertise may reduce this gap, it remains unclear whether such attenuation is a general consequence of athletic expertise or if it depends on the specific visuospatial demands of the discipline. A sample of 180 young adults was categorized into three groups: Wrestlers (dynamic/3D expertise), Track and Field athletes (linear expertise), and Non-Athletes. Participants performed a chronometric MR task with angular disparities ranging from 0° to 150°. Data were analyzed using Bayesian linear and generalized mixed-effects models to account for inter-individual heterogeneity. Results revealed that the mitigation of the sex gap is strictly discipline-specific. In both the Non-Athlete and Track and Field groups, a credible sex difference was observed, with males outperforming females by 12.0% and 14.5% in reaction time, respectively. In contrast, this gap was rendered negligible (3.6% difference) in the Wrestler group. Furthermore, analysis of accuracy slopes indicated that non-expert males prioritized speed at the expense of precision as task difficulty increased, whereas Wrestlers exhibited a stabilized, high-accuracy performance profile across both sexes. These findings suggest that high-demand visuospatial training, such as wrestling, is associated with a powerful equalizing effect on spatial proficiency, highlighting the potential role of functional congruence in cognitive transfer.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of an optimal learning strategy for high-similarity categories: the effect of example sequence on children's category learning.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Dong, Jiawei Wang, Qiang Xing","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02343-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02343-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While prior research has examined the effects of example sequencing on children's category learning, it has largely overlooked the role of self-regulated exemplar sequencing and whether its effectiveness varies across developmental stages. In the present study, we employed a between-subjects design to examine the effects of example sequencing (interleaved, blocked, or self-regulated) on the learning of high-similarity categories in two age groups (10-12 years and 12-14 years; N = 180). Results indicated that interleaved learning outperformed both self-regulated and blocked sequencing in category learning. Moreover, a significant age group × study condition interaction indicated that the advantage of interleaved learning was more pronounced in older children (12-14 years) than in younger children (10-12 years), suggesting that the effectiveness of interleaved sequencing is shaped by developmental factors. Older children also showed stronger category learning and greater flexibility in adjusting between interleaved and blocked strategies during self-regulated learning, whereas younger children showed a steady decline in interleaving over time. Together, these findings highlight the critical role of exemplar sequencing in children's acquisition of high-similarity categories and underscore the importance of developmental factors in shaping the effectiveness of different learning sequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}