Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung最新文献

{"title":"Emotion-specific modality effects in auditory and visual perception of emotion.","authors":"Yongseong Lee, Youngju Lee, Dongha Lee","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02340-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02340-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotion is typically perceived in dynamic multisensory contexts. Although previous studies have demonstrated multimodal gains in audiovisual recognition (i.e., general enhancement in audiovisual conditions), they have not clarified how visual and auditory information contribute to affective judgments or whether their contribution differs by emotion categories. The current study investigated how emotion perception varies across modalities and examined whether these variations depend on emotion categories. We conducted an emotion perception experiment using audio-only (AO), video-only (VO), and audio-visual (AV) speech stimuli. Participants evaluated the valence (positive/negative) and arousal (weak/strong) of stimuli depicting seven emotions (angry, calm, disgust, fearful, happy, sad, and surprise). Overall, AO stimuli tended to be perceived as more negative in valence and weaker in arousal compared to VO or AV stimuli. In representational similarity analysis, the response patterns for AV were more similar to VO than to AO. Happy and disgust stimuli were rated as weaker in arousal and less positive or less negative in valence in AO condition than in other conditions. For surprise, VO stimuli were rated more negatively than AO and AV. However, angry, fearful, and sad emotions did not differ between modalities. These findings indicate that affective judgments are not solely driven by general enhancement from combined audiovisual cues; rather, the relative importance of sensory modalities varies by emotion, suggesting that specific unimodal cues can be as informative as multimodal information. These modality-specific contributions to emotion perception have implications for clinical assessment, social communication, and affective neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13328220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When emotions hurt: negative interpretations of bodily signals and interoceptive difficulties in fibromyalgia.","authors":"Aleksandra M Herman, Julia Szczawińska, Carolyn Berryman, Tasha R Stanton","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02341-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02341-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People with fibromyalgia often demonstrate hypersensitivity to benign bodily signals and misattribute non-noxious physical signals as pain, suggesting alterations in body-brain communication and interoception. However, little is known about whether altered body-brain communication may extend to misattribution of emotion as pain. Here, using a cross-sectional design, we aimed to investigate how individuals with fibromyalgia perceive, identify, and interpret emotions and other bodily sensations, including pain, compared to healthy controls. Across two independent studies, individuals with fibromyalgia and age- and gender-matched pain-free controls completed the emBODY task, which assesses the topography of bodily sensations experienced for different states (emotional states, neutral state, pain- and physiology-related states, fatigue). Additionally, participants completed assessments of alexithymia, bodily sensation interpretation, and interoception. In both studies, linear discriminant analysis, performed to test whether different emotions and states are associated with statistically distinct bodily patterns, indicated comparable classification accuracy of body sensation maps in the fibromyalgia group and controls. However, compared with controls, the fibromyalgia group showed higher levels of alexithymia, higher awareness of bodily signals, and more negative interpretation of ambiguous bodily sensations in daily life, together with greater self-reported interoceptive difficulties. Our findings support an amplified perception of bodily signals coupled with interoceptive difficulties in people with fibromyalgia. This raises the possibility that interventions that target perceptual retraining, and re-interpretation of bodily sensations might decrease the impact of pain and promote engagement in everyday activities for people with fibromyalgia.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13328158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musical training increases anticipatory responding and predictive control in sequence learning.","authors":"Li-Ann Leow, Jarrad Lum, Sara Johnson, Emily Corti, Welber Marinovic","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02333-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02333-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Musicians demonstrate advantages in acquiring motor sequences, showing faster learning and better explicit sequence knowledge than non-musicians. However, it is unclear whether this advantage extends beyond acquisition to the consolidation phase, which is when newly learned skills stabilize and become resistant to interference. Additionally, while interference from executing competing motor tasks is well-established, less is known about whether purely sensory information presented after learning can disrupt consolidation of a bimodal motor sequence. We investigated how post-acquisition sensory interference affects performance of a learned audio-visual sequence, and whether musical training moderates this vulnerability. Participants first learned an explicit sequence in a serial reaction time task using synchronous, informative audio-visual cues. After a brief consolidation period, they were randomly assigned to one of four observational conditions that manipulated the relationship between auditory and visual streams. Motor performance was then reassessed. Post-acquisition sensory interference impaired subsequent motor performance, but this effect was modality-specific: it was driven primarily by manipulations to the task-relevant visual stream, while auditory interference alone had no credible effect. Distributional analysis revealed that learning involved a strategic shift from reactive to anticipatory responding. Critically, participants with musical training showed a consistently higher reliance on anticipatory responses than those without throughout acquisition, indicating stronger predictive motor control. These findings demonstrate that newly formed sensorimotor memories are selectively vulnerable to interference in task-relevant modalities. Furthermore, our work provides a candidate mechanistic account for the musician advantage in sequence learning, linking it to greater reliance on predictive motor strategies during acquisition.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13328134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of retrieval practice on incidental memory is modulated by emotional valence: evidence of ERPs.","authors":"Wenting Geng, Man Li, Chaoning Wang, Yan Wang, Lujun Shen, Xinhua Yang, Chunping Yan","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02339-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02339-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has explored the effects of retrieval practice on intentional emotional memory; however, its impact on incidentally encoded emotional memories remains unclear. To investigate this question, this study employed a three-phase retrieval practice paradigm, in which participants were asked to evaluate the emotional valence of emotional or neutral images. Behavioral results showed that, compared to restudy, retrieval practice significantly enhanced recognition accuracy for negative items, but significantly reduced recognition of positive items during the final test. Event-Related Potentials (ERP) findings further supported this pattern. A significant ERP retrieval practice effect (reflected by significantly larger ERP amplitude for retrieval-practiced items than restudied ones) was observed over the parietal area between 800 and 1000 ms for negative images. In contrast, a reversed ERP retrieval practice effect (reflected by significantly larger ERP amplitude for restudied items than retrieval-practiced ones) was found for positive images between 300 and 800 ms across frontal, central, and parietal areas during the final test. These findings suggest that, in the context of incidental memory, retrieval practice (compared to restudy) tends to enhance the recognition of negative images while impairing the recognition of positive ones. This emotional modulation of the retrieval practice effect may be influenced by the nature of the encoding task.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The length of a piece of string: Where the whole is more than the sum of its constituent parts.","authors":"Frédéric Devinck, Olivier Le Bohec, Alexandra M Johnstone, Arash Sahraie","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02336-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02336-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Determination of the magnitude or size of objects is crucial in many activities of daily living. Here we provide psychophysical evidence across multiple experiments that judgements for accumulated length of fragmented lines are non-veridical, with a larger number of fragments leading to a larger reduction in perceived size. The reported reduction in the size of fragmented stimuli is not a result of stimulus bias or frequency of observations and reflects an inherent perceptual bias. We have extended the findings to real objects in laboratory conditions. Whilst the discrimination threshold for two intact lines remained similar to those reported previously, the reduction in perceived length with fragmentation persisted. Finally, we gathered behavioral data on a real-life task of matching the length of a strand of cooked spaghetti using spaghetti pieces of varying sizes. Participants used progressively larger amounts of spaghetti to match reference length when selecting from smaller cut pieces. The reduction in the perceived magnitude of small segments remained evident when participants decided on the portion size of cooked spaghetti. The converging evidence from multiple investigations demonstrates the robustness of the observed reduction in perceived size with fragmentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13315493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148346821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of older age, individual differences in cognitive abilities, and state of mind on learning novel categories.","authors":"Kana Kimura, Madeline R Valdez, Caitlin R Bowman","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02334-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02334-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Category learning involves learning group items based on similar feature values, and it is a key ability that allows us to acquire new concepts and skills throughout our lives. Yet we know little about the traits and situational factors that facilitate category learning and how those differ in older age. Here, we test the relationship between categorization performance and individual differences in a variety of cognitive abilities and aspects of state of mind and how those relationships differ in older age.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seventy-six young adults (18-29 years old) and 73 older adults (60-83 years old) underwent a cognitive assessment testing processing speed, working memory, verbal comprehension, and perceptual reasoning. Two categorization sessions followed where participants completed a categorization task and state of mind questionnaires assessing stress, motivation, mood, and sleep.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An individual's cognitive abilities were significant positive predictors of categorization test accuracy. This effect was not moderated by age groups. Most state of mind variables were not significant predictors of categorization test accuracy, except that young adults with negative mood performed worse on the categorization test compared to older adults.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We show that baseline cognitive abilities influence categorization test accuracy more than state of mind variables regardless of age. Thus, interventions may be most effective when they are designed to work with individual's existing knowledge rather than attempt to directly manipulate transient states of mind.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13303744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148320049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of transcranial electrical stimulation on face identification and related perceptual processes: a systematic review.","authors":"Aline Miranda de Vasconcelos, José Aldecyano Lino Gomes, Paulo Frassinetti Delfino do Nascimento, Géssika Araújo de Melo, Laurent Koessler, Nelson Torro-Alves","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02313-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02313-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Face identification is a core capacity underpinning effective social interaction and communication. Although a growing body of literature has examined the effects of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) on face identification, findings remain fragmented and lack an integrative synthesis. This systematic review adopted a broad scope, encompassing all published studies on TES and face identification, with the aim of mapping methodological trends and substantive findings, rather than focusing on a specific subtype of intervention or population. We conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review of TES effects on face identification. From an initial pool of 261 records, 28 studies met the eligibility criteria. Overall, the evidence highlights both the potential and the complexity of using TES to modulate face identification processing. Targeted stimulation of occipital and fusiform regions shows promising effects in some paradigms; however, inconsistent results and notable methodological limitations preclude definitive conclusions. In particular, small, demographically homogeneous samples limit generalizability, while heterogeneity in stimulation parameters, task designs, and outcome measures complicate cross-study comparisons. By underscoring the need for rigorously controlled experiments with greater anatomical precision, especially in clinical populations, this review aims to inform the development of more robust, transparent methodological guidelines and to support future investigations with stronger scientific relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13303659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148320024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context-dependent motor-semantic interactions: evidence from dual-task paradigms in semantic fluency.","authors":"Cosimo Tuena, Francesco Ianì, Daniele Di Lernia, Gian Nicolò Russo, Rosalia Meo, Giuseppe Riva, Claudia Repetto","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02323-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02323-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Embodied cognition theories propose that conceptual knowledge is grounded in sensorimotor experience, but evidence for motor involvement in semantic memory retrieval for natural items remains inconsistent. Across two pre-registered experiments, we investigated whether motor dual-tasks and body posture manipulations affect semantic recall for natural manipulable concepts (fruits) versus non-manipulable concepts (colors) during semantic fluency (SF) tasks. In Experiment 1, 46 young adults performed SF while executing concurrent motor sequences with either upper limbs or lower limbs as control. In Experiment 2, 46 young adults completed the same task while adopting either restricted or unrestricted control postures. Contrary to predictions of interference, Experiment 1 revealed facilitation: participants retrieved fruits significantly faster during upper limbs motor tasks compared to control dual-task, with no effects for the color category. This facilitation affected retrieval speed rather than semantic network structure, suggesting that semantically congruent movement might prime semantic recall, consistent with theories proposing that unbound motor feature activation facilitates conceptual access. Experiment 2 showed no significant posture effects on SF measures for either category. These findings support a weak embodiment perspective where motor systems influence semantic retrieval processes rather than core representations themselves. The context-dependent nature of the effects highlights that embodied influences on semantic memory are more flexible and task-sensitive than previously assumed. Motor involvement in semantic processing appears to depend critically on the specific relationship between concurrent motor activity and the conceptual domain being accessed, challenging assumptions about robust, context-independent embodied effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148303605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-process account of metaphorical embodiment.","authors":"Omid Khatin-Zadeh, Hassan Banaruee","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02331-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02331-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theories of metaphorical embodiment have widely treated perceptual processes as an inseparable component of metaphoric conceptualization. This paper critically examines and synthesizes influential accounts of metaphor in cognitive linguistics and cognitive science, with particular attention to Gentner's structure-mapping theory, Lakoff's invariance principle, and Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez's extended invariance principle. We propose a distinction between metaphoric conceptualization and metaphoric perceptualization as analytically separable, though interrelated, processes. Our discussion is limited to metaphors that are interpreted through the projection of image-schematic or propositional structures. We suggest that metaphoric conceptualization primarily involves structural projection, whereby the abstract structure of a source domain-independent of its perceivable features-is mapped onto a target domain. Metaphoric perceptualization, by contrast, consists in the organization of the target domain's perceivable features within this projected structure, as well as, in some cases, the attribution of salient perceivable features from the source domain to the target domain. Through this process, a novel perceptual representation of the target domain may emerge. By integrating and reassessing existing theoretical frameworks, we conclude that metaphorical embodiment is best understood as comprising two distinct but related processes, with metaphoric perceptualization being guided and constrained by metaphoric conceptualization.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of stimulus material and effector specificity on performance in the measurement of interference control in adolescent handball and soccer players compared to non-player controls.","authors":"Florian Heilmann, Leif E Langsdorf, Torsten Schubert","doi":"10.1007/s00426-026-02327-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-026-02327-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated how stimulus material and effector specificity influence interference control (a form of inhibitory control) in adolescent players. Ninety-one males aged 15-18 years (28 handball players, 34 soccer players, 29 non-player controls) completed nine modified Flanker task versions varying in stimulus type (abstract, handball-specific, soccer-specific) and response modality (finger, hand, foot). Mixed-design ANOVAs revealed significant main effects of congruency, stimulus type, and response modality. Responses were slower, and interference effects were larger in incongruent than in congruent trials. In addition, sports-specific stimuli and more motorically demanding response modalities were associated with increased response times compared to abstract arrow stimuli and simple finger responses. A congruency × stimulus interaction revealed reduced flanker effects for sports-specific stimuli, indicating that domain-specificity shapes interference processing. However, no consistent group differences were found, suggesting adolescent players do not exhibit broad cognitive advantages, or such advantages are context-dependent. Overall, the findings suggest that performance was primarily shaped by perceptual and motor requirements of the task, i.e., bystimulus complexity and response modality rather than by differences between athlete and control groups. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify how training and development interact to shape cognitive-motor control.</p>","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"90 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}