{"title":"Grade retention rates among students with learning disabilities.","authors":"J McLeskey, K L Grizzle","doi":"10.1177/001440299205800609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the grade retention of students with learning disabilities. Data were collected on 689 students referred and identified as having learning disabilities during the 1987-88 school year in Indiana. Of these students, 58% had been retained before identification. The results of this investigation suggest that retention is being used as a remediation before labeling a student. Implications of this practice and alternatives to grade retention as a method to address the academic needs of students are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48164,"journal":{"name":"Exceptional Children","volume":"58 6","pages":"548-54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001440299205800609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12759600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teacher interactions in mainstream social studies and science classes.","authors":"M P Brady, P R Swank, R D Taylor, J Freiberg","doi":"10.1177/001440299205800607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This investigation was designed to change teacher-student interactions in middle school social studies and science classes. Eighteen of 35 teacher volunteers received a six-session inservice emphasizing teacher effectiveness variables. Results indicated significant differences between experimental and control teachers on a pre-post contrast, as well as on a follow-up (maintenance) contrast. Differential effects on the science and social studies teachers were seen. Similarities and differences related to student type, independent of the intervention, were obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":48164,"journal":{"name":"Exceptional Children","volume":"58 6","pages":"530-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001440299205800607","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12759599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The identification of high-school dropouts identified as learning disabled: evaluating the utility of a discriminant analysis function.","authors":"L Kortering, N Haring, A Klockars","doi":"10.1177/001440299205800506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the utility of a linear discriminant function to distinguish between students identified as learning disabled (LD) who had either been released from high school under codes suggestive of school dropout (n = 213) or graduation (n = 92). The discriminant function was comprised of six variables--student ethnicity, reading ability, family intactness, family socioeconomic status, school transfers, and school-initiated interruptions. The analysis determined that differences between the LD dropout sample and LD graduate sample were sufficient to allow for a discrimination between the groups. On the basis of group differences the discriminant function that was constructed correctly classified 83% of the school dropouts and 46% of the school graduates, for an overall 73% accuracy rate. Those factors contributing most to the function were the number of district-initiated interruptions, school transfers, and family intactness. Based on the findings, implications for school districts and future research are noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":48164,"journal":{"name":"Exceptional Children","volume":"58 5","pages":"422-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001440299205800506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12750154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innovative technology for secondary students with learning disabilities.","authors":"J Woodward, R Gersten","doi":"10.1177/001440299205800505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the 1980s, innovative use of technology was equated with microcomputer instruction. In the 1990s, a different kind of technology--videodisc instruction--has great potential for application in secondary special education. By examining its day-to-day use in naturalistic settings, this study builds on previous research with a specific videodisc program in fractions. Participants were seven secondary teachers of students with learning disabilities. Researchers measured the program's level of implementation, teacher reactions, and student achievement. Results were generally positive in all areas, with a surprisingly high acceptance of the program by the seven teachers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48164,"journal":{"name":"Exceptional Children","volume":"58 5","pages":"407-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001440299205800505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12750152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Falling through the cracks: rehabilitation services for adults with learning disabilities.","authors":"J O Smith","doi":"10.1177/001440299205800508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated the knowledge and perceptions of vocational rehabilitation (VR) of adults with learning disabilities (LD), as well as control variables which describe adults with LD and may have a bearing on access to VR services. This was accomplished by (1) determining the knowledge adults with LD had of their rights under federal rehabilitation regulations; (2) examining demographic control variables (e.g., sex, age, education level, hometown population, employment history, and income), which may have a bearing on the need for or access to VR services by adults with LD; and (3) examining experiences/perceptions of adults with LD regarding the VR application/eligibility process. A pretested questionnaire appeared in the January 1989 ACLD Newsbriefs. Findings indicate that while there was a group of respondents who were satisfied with the rehabilitation services they had received, there was also a large group of respondents who were either ineligible for rehabilitation services or dissatisfied with services they received. Generally, respondents' knowledge of VR was limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":48164,"journal":{"name":"Exceptional Children","volume":"58 5","pages":"451-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001440299205800508","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12750155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Survey of the states: special education knowledge requirements for school administrators.","authors":"T C Valesky, M A Hirth","doi":"10.1177/001440299205800504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regular education administrators must possess a knowledge of special education to effectively implement P.L. 94-142, and to experiment with and accomplish many of the proposed objectives of the regular education initiative. To determine the existing knowledge base of school administrators in special education and special education law, we surveyed state directors of special education. This article reports the results of the survey, discusses implications, and offers suggestions for improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":48164,"journal":{"name":"Exceptional Children","volume":"58 5","pages":"399-406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001440299205800504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12702640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Academic behavior and grades of mainstreamed students with mild disabilities.","authors":"L A Truesdell, T Abramson","doi":"10.1177/001440299205800503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the relationship between the classroom behaviors and final grades of mainstreamed students with mild disabilities in three urban schools in Grades 3-9. Significant correlations were found for all academic behaviors except attendance and homework at the elementary level and written work at the junior high level. In addition, significant differences in reading scores were found between mainstreamed and regular elementary school students. Findings indicate that mainstreamed students with mild disabilities may participate in academic lessons as well or nearly as well as their peers without disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48164,"journal":{"name":"Exceptional Children","volume":"58 5","pages":"392-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001440299205800503","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12750150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Small-group instruction for students with learning disabilities: observational and incidental learning.","authors":"M C Keel, D L Gast","doi":"10.1177/001440299205800408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of constant time delay (a near errorless learning procedure) in a small-group instructional arrangement. Three fifth-grade students with learning disabilities were taught to recognize multisyllabic basal vocabulary words. A multiple-probe design across behaviors (word sets) was used to evaluate the procedure. Following instruction on each word set, students were assessed on their ability to recognize their own target words, recognize observational words, spell both target and observational words, and define both target and observational words. The results indicated that the constant time-delay procedure was reliably implemented and was effective in establishing criterion-level performance for all students with extremely low error percentages.</p>","PeriodicalId":48164,"journal":{"name":"Exceptional Children","volume":"58 4","pages":"357-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001440299205800408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12713061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A follow-along study of participants in a longitudinal transition program for youths with mild disabilities.","authors":"S Siegel, M Robert, M Waxman, R Gaylord-Ross","doi":"10.1177/001440299205800407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Descriptive data are presented on the employment patterns of youths with mild disabilities who participated in a transition program with an intensive postsecondary component. Data on employment rates, positive and negative job changes, participation in continuing education, and access to benefit packages are reported for 94 youths who participated in the program over a 4-year period. Program participants had favorable outcomes when compared with a national sample, but they stabilized at an entry level of work participation. Their rates of entry into postsecondary education were also greater than the national sample, but advances were nominal.</p>","PeriodicalId":48164,"journal":{"name":"Exceptional Children","volume":"58 4","pages":"346-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001440299205800407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12713060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promoting social interaction of children with disabilities in integrated preschools: a failure to generalize.","authors":"J Hundert, A Houghton","doi":"10.1177/001440299205800404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the Classwide Social Skills Program (CSSP) was introduced for all children in four integrated preschool classes, and generalization of effects was measured across settings and over time for 14 children with disabilities between the ages of 3 and 5 years. Results indicated that the CSSP increased the positive play of children with disabilities to levels comparable to classmates without disabilities. Levels of teacher reinforcement toward the children with disabilities increased as well. These increases in teacher and child behaviors, however, did not generalize to 3- or 6-month follow-up periods nor to another play session in the day. Implications for promoting social interaction in integrated preschool settings are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48164,"journal":{"name":"Exceptional Children","volume":"58 4","pages":"311-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/001440299205800404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12700304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}