Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports最新文献

{"title":"Circulation of bronze mirrors between China and Japan during the Western Han dynasty: A scientific analysis on bronze mirrors excavated in Linzi city","authors":"Jun Gao ,&nbsp;Xiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jinxuan Li ,&nbsp;Chenghao Li ,&nbsp;Xintian Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenbin Dong ,&nbsp;Quanyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bronze mirrors of the Western Han dynasty (202 BCE-8 CE) present in Eurasia are strong evidence for far-reaching trade and exchange networks. However, more evidence is still needed on the provenance and circulation form of the mirrors. In this study, a scientific analysis including metallography, chemical composition, and lead isotope ratios was carried out on 35 mirrors excavated from the Xiangjianan cemetery near the capital of state Qi in Linzi city, China, which is the only archaeologically confirmed centre for mirror production found so far. By incorporating previous research, this study uses the lead isotope ratios to establish the characteristics of Linzi mirrors from different periods, and provides a preliminary discussion on the provenance of those mirrors with the highly radiogenic lead found in Shandong province. The study suggests that most of the imported mirrors of the Western Han dynasty unearthed in Japan may have been produced in Linzi city, and the highly radiogenic lead in mirrors found in Linzi city during the Warring States period (475–221 BCE) and the Western Han dynasty may have been sourced from the local Luxi metallogenic province. This study provides new solid evidence for the cross-regional circulation of bronze mirrors during the Western Han dynasty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"This must be the place. Spatial analysis of the Upper Magdalenian seed assemblage of Cova de les Cendres (Alicante, Spain)","authors":"Miguel Ángel Bel ,&nbsp;Carmen María Martínez-Varea","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatial analysis of lithic and bone remains has been frequently conducted in Palaeolithic sites to detect activity areas and taphonomic processes. However, it has not been usually applied to archaeobotanical assemblages despite its suitability to shed light on their formation processes. A taphonomic approach to wood-charcoal and seed assemblages is essential to obtain ecological, cultural and economic information.</div><div>In the Upper Magdalenian level of Cova de les Cendres (Teulada-Moraira, Alicante, Spain), a series of superimposed combustion structures were documented. At this level, carpological remains are abundant and diverse, and the preservation of the hearths allows us to assess their distribution in relation to these anthropic structures which arranged the human activity in this part of the cave. Species such as <em>Alkanna tinctoria</em>, <em>Buglossoides arvensis</em>, <em>Pinus</em> sp., <em>Juniperus</em> spp. or different legumes dominate the non-woody archaeobotanical assemblage. The general distribution of the plant remains highlights their link to anthropic activities. Some post-depositional alterations were detected, mainly due to trampling and the repeated human occupation of the area, although some concentrations point to the existence of better-preserved spaces and illustrate specific deposition events, such as deposits from single burning events. Finally, the spatial distribution of the remains allows for gaining insights into the use of plants as sources of food, fuel and raw material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating wild and domesticated bananas using volcaniform phytolith morphology and dimensions: Evidence from Sri Lanka","authors":"R. Premathilake ,&nbsp;C.O. Hunt ,&nbsp;P.P.D.C. Perera","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying domesticated banana phytoliths from archaeological sites within the natural geographical range of the wild progenitors of domesticated bananas is very challenging. This is because of the considerable similarity between phytoliths of domesticated triploid and tetraploid banana plants and those of the diploid species <em>Musa acuminata</em> and <em>M. balbisiana</em> in the <em>Eumusa</em> section, from which the domesticated varieties ultimately derive. This paper presents evidence for separating phytoliths derived from diploid, triploid and tetraploid banana plants in the Sri Lankan context. 8649 volcaniform (cavate) phytoliths from domesticated (triploid/tetraploid) banana plants and 2592 volcaniform phytoliths from diploid cultiwild and wild banana plants underwent morphotypic analysis into Ball et al.’s eight classes and were measured for basal length and crater width. Although there is overlap, modern domesticated triploid/tetraploid and diploid banana plants in Sri Lanka can be discriminated on morphotypic variation and size-ranges of volcaniform phytoliths. In our sampling, triploid and tetraploid banana plants have higher percentages of V3 morphotypes and generally higher percentages of V4 and V6 morphotypes of volcaniform phytoliths relative to <em>M. acuminata</em> and <em>M. balbisiana</em>, while V2 and V7 morphotypes are restricted to triploid and tetraploid banana plants and are not present in <em>M. acuminata</em> and <em>M. balbisiana</em>. Further, V4 and V8 are found in <em>M. balbisiana</em>, but not in <em>M. acuminata</em>. In Sri Lanka, mean basal length and crater width of volcaniform phytoliths in triploid and tetraploid bananas are greater than in <em>M. acuminata</em> and <em>M. balbisiana</em>. The overlap of size-ranges between phytoliths of triploid/tetraploid and diploid banana taxa is problematical, but threshold values of basal length &gt; 29.1 µm and crater width &gt; 12.1 µm can be used to distinguish some of the larger volcaniform phytoliths from triploid and tetraploid banana plants from those from and <em>M. balbisiana</em>, which do not exceed these dimensions in Sri Lanka, while <em>M. acuminata</em> volcaniforms do not exceed basal length of 27.2 µm and crater width of 10.2 µm. The size distributions of <em>M. balbisiana</em> volcaniforms suggest that two populations of this species are present in Sri Lanka, conceivably with different histories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of geophysical prospection to understand ancient Greek rural island landscapes: Magnetometry survey at Palaiopyrgos, Paros (Cyclades)","authors":"Emlyn Dodd ,&nbsp;Stephen Kay ,&nbsp;Evan Levine ,&nbsp;Elena Pomar ,&nbsp;Christopher Whittaker ,&nbsp;Demetrios Athanasoulis ,&nbsp;Apostolos Papadimitriou","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geophysical prospection in Greece has predominantly been applied at ancient urban sites on the mainland and Crete. It is rarely used on Cycladic islands and even less so in rural contexts, despite their centrality to the eastern Mediterranean region and the ability of geophysical techniques to efficiently cover extensive rural spaces and identify archaeological traces of agriculture and landscape exploitation. This study applies magnetometry for the first time on Paros, around the so-called Hellenistic Palaiopyrgos tower, with the aim of detecting the presence of buried ancillary structures and archaeological indications of agricultural activity. Several sub-surface features were identified and are compared to those at similar tower sites in the Cyclades and Greece. We highlight challenges to this approach and possible pathways forward specific to the investigation of rural landscapes. The data captured in this study will also play a central role in the protection of the Palaiopyrgos archaeological site, highlighting a methodological approach to be deployed in other areas that are experiencing rising pressure due to tourism and rapidly expanding development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A glimmer of the eastern adriatic: Compositional analysis of first-millennium BCE glass from Histria (Istria, Croatia)","authors":"Ana Franjić ,&nbsp;Ian C. Freestone ,&nbsp;Gry Barfod ,&nbsp;Ulrike Sommer ,&nbsp;Patrick Degryse","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Finds of glass artefacts from prehistoric Histria (present-day Istria, Croatia) are rare. This study presents compositions of thirty-eight glass beads and vessels spanning from the Late Bronze to the Late Iron Age analysed by EPMA, with a selected subset analysed using LA-ICP-MS. Levantine natron glass with Al₂O₃ around 2.5% is the most abundant compositional group. However, several other natron glass types have been detected from the early first millennium CE, including black natron glass with high Li, Th and U, corresponding to black glass type found elsewhere in Europe and the Middle East. Blue beads coloured with cobalt alum are decorated with lead antimonate yellow glass containing alumina concentrations below 1%, and, in spite of the very marked changes in elemental composition resulting from the colourant additions, these two glasses show similarities in elements such as K, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zr which may reflect production in the same workshop. Two samples, dated to the transition from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age, are of the low-magnesia-high-potash (LMHK) type from the Veneto, and two further, slightly later samples are plant ash-based glasses from Mesopotamia. Overall, the range in glass types demonstrates strong links between Histria and Italic prehistoric communities, and Histrian participation in established long-distance trade networks from a very early period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of wild animal resources on the silk road: Ancient DNA study on Saiga tatarica unearthed from Tangchaodun Ruins","authors":"Xinyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangjie Song ,&nbsp;Zhuowei Tang ,&nbsp;Jian Wei ,&nbsp;Guan Ren ,&nbsp;Dawei Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of animal resources caters to human material needs for survival and development, reflecting the evolutions of culture and social structure, technological advancement, and the dynamics of human-environment relationship. The present ancient DNA study analyzes four samples excavated at Tangchaodun Ancient City Site which were morphologically identified as sheep. Alignment analyses, phylogenetic analyses, and genetic distance calculations reveal that these samples belong to the nominate subspecies of the Saiga antelope. In a broader sense, the results and findings of this study further confirmed the promising future of ancient DNA technology as a state-of-the-art method in subspecies identification and classification. Mitochondrial D-loop region analysis indicated that the ancient Saiga antelope population had remarkably high genetic diversity and thus a more complex population structure than its contemporary one. This finding offers valuable insights into historical distribution and conservation of Saiga antelope. From the perspective of historical geography, since ancient Saiga antelope population was discovered in Tangchaodun ruins, it’s deduced that the ancient residents there might have hunted and used the Saiga antelope to obtain materials for living and production. Specifically, as suggested by archaeological findings and recorded documents, the excavated Saiga antelope horns might be for medical and aesthetic uses. The findings and deductions made thereby provides clues about the hunting, tribute, and trade activities in that period, which helps draw a full picture of the economic and cultural exchanges along the Silk Road at that time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing and cultural-environmental context of the spread of barley to and within northern East Asia","authors":"Christian Leipe ,&nbsp;Elena A. Sergusheva ,&nbsp;Martine Robbeets ,&nbsp;Patrick Wertmann ,&nbsp;Nikolay N. Kradin ,&nbsp;Mayke Wagner ,&nbsp;Pavel E. Tarasov","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the introduction of wheat into early full-scale farming systems of northern China has received much research attention over the past two decades, few studies have looked at when and how the cultivation of barley, which is better adapted to colder climates, spread across East Asia. New radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dates obtained from archaeological barley grains together with material evidence suggest that the crop was introduced to Primorye (Russia’s border region with China and North Korea) no later than the 2nd century BCE, although an earlier arrival sometime between the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE seems possible. From Primorye, the crop probably spread further eastward to Hokkaido. The combined archaeological and chronological evidence suggests that barley-cultivating cultural groups may have migrated to southern Primorye from areas to the west or from southern Liaoning/north-western Korea, which rules out a dispersal via the northern Eurasian steppes or the Japanese archipelago. We propose that a combination of cultural and climatic factors was the driving force behind this migration. While we identify the eastward expansion of the Warring State of Yan around 300 BCE as the primary driver that pushed barley-cultivating populations to migrate, it seems possible that long-term cooling and drying less favourable for farming during 1000–300 BCE added to the political unrest at the northern and eastern boundaries of the Chinese Warring States, or may even have amplified their policies of territorial expansion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological variation and early village organization in formative cusco, peru: A GIS-based approach","authors":"Matthew T. Brown ,&nbsp;Camille Weinberg ,&nbsp;Nicole D. Payntar ,&nbsp;Lia Tsesmeli ,&nbsp;Leah Larsen ,&nbsp;R. Alan Covey","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We utilize GIS to analyze regional settlement survey data to understand the transition to agropastoral village life in the Cusco region of highland Peru during the Late Formative Period (600 BCE − 200 CE) and long-term success of settlements on the landscape. We model cost catchment areas within 1, 2, and 4 h of travel from each of the eight largest Formative villages in the study region. We take into consideration the different ecozones each of these communities would have access to as well as the amount of potentially arable farmland within each catchment. To examine relationships between village locations and accessibility to other Formative settlements, we quantify the sites within each travel area and examine portions of the landscape where areas overlap. We also model viewsheds and cumulative visibility for each settlement to consider how visibility of the surrounding landscape and neighboring communities might have informed the selection and growth of certain sites. These data highlight 4 clusters or zones of interaction within the study region where established villages differ in terms of their accessibility, proximity, and overlap to smaller villages: 1) the Xaquixaguana Basin around Lake Huaypo, 2) the Chit’apampa Basin, 3) the transverse valleys to the north of the Sacred Valley, and 4) the Sacred Valley. Although we cannot presume the contemporaneity and continuous occupation of all settlements throughout the Late Formative Period, these data provide testable archaeological hypotheses as to how early villagers navigated different local landscapes as they developed agropastoral subsistence strategies, and how their social interactions shaped the coalescence of permanent villages. Some of these settlements grew to be significantly larger and continued to be occupied in subsequent periods, suggesting that the proximity and placement of sites on these landscapes influenced occupational trajectories and regional sociopolitics. Ultimately, we conclude that large sites settled in areas with access to arable farmland to cultivate maize and that had reduced risk of frost continued to be occupied past the Formative. Our results highlight the utility of synchronic analyses of survey data to generate testable hypotheses about long-term settlement continuity in ecologically diverse regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The origins of copper ores at Gre Fiılla (TÜRKİYE): Lead isotopic evidence for multi-source procurement","authors":"A. Konak ,&nbsp;Ü. Muşkara ,&nbsp;S. Karayünlü-Bozbaş ,&nbsp;M.B. Telli","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gre Fılla in southeastern Anatolia is a Pre-Pottery Neolithic site that provides critical insights into the emergence of metallurgy. Excavations at the site have revealed numerous copper ore fragments and copper objects, indicating an early engagement with metal production. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and lead isotope analysis (LIA) of copper ore samples from Gre Fılla demonstrates a multi-source procurement strategy. While the majority of samples exhibit isotopic signatures consistent with the Bolkar–Ergani group, defined by overlapping values from southeastern and central Anatolian deposits, some samples closely align with the Alihoca ore deposit. These results indicate that copper used at Gre Fılla came from both nearby and distant sources, reflecting the existence of complex and long-distance networks during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB). Additionally, the presence of various sources both for obsidian and copper highlights the community’s integration into extensive systems of “exotic” material exchange. Such networks likely played a key role in fostering cultural connectivity across the Near East, contributing to the shared development of rituals, symbolic practices, and craft traditions observed among early Neolithic societies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 17th century bell foundry in the belfry (UNESCO’s world Heritage site) of Gembloux (Belgium): an archaeometric study","authors":"Eric Goemaere ,&nbsp;Michel Siebrand ,&nbsp;Souad Ech-Chakrouni ,&nbsp;Alexandre Chevalier ,&nbsp;Quentin Goffette ,&nbsp;Thomas Goovaerts ,&nbsp;Thierry Leduc ,&nbsp;Sidonie Preiss","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of a late 17th-century bell foundry workshop excavated within the UNESCO-listed belfry of Saint-Sauveur church in Gembloux (Belgium). Archaeological investigations revealed exceptionally well-preserved structures, including a casting pit, the kiln floor of a smelting furnace, and ash pits, alongside a significant assemblage of artifacts: 29,000 clay mold fragments (core, false-bell and cope moulds), bricks, crucibles, slag, and copper alloy residues. Archaeomagnetic dating places the foundry’s activity between 1669 and 1689 CE, likely following a devastating fire in 1678. At this time, the bell founders from eastern France established temporary workshops near the bell installation sites. Thin-section petrography and EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analyses identified local loess as the primary raw material for moulds and bricks, with lime and sand as well as vegetal, and animal fibres added to the clay moulds for structural enhancement. Preliminary botanical analysis suggests the use of flax, hemp, or nettle fibres in the moulds. Crucibles, however, were crafted from refractory clays imported from the Meuse Valley, indicating external specialized production. This multidisciplinary research provides valuable insights into historical bell-making techniques, raw material sourcing, and the regional network of itinerant artisans, contributing to the conservation and cultural development of this unique heritage site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}