Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports最新文献

{"title":"Burial practices and mtDNA variation in the Oaxacan Barrio of Teotihuacan, Mexico: On the genetic structure of the great Mesoamerican city and its external influences","authors":"Ana Julia Aguirre-Samudio ,&nbsp;Verónica Ortega-Cabrera ,&nbsp;Manuel Soler-Hernández ,&nbsp;Jorge Archer-Velasco ,&nbsp;María Teresa Navarro-Romero ,&nbsp;Blanca Zoila González-Sobrino ,&nbsp;Luis Medrano-González","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Oaxacan Barrio (neighborhood) in Teotihuacan is relevant for understanding interaction between Mesoamerican cities during the Classic Period (CE 100–700). In this work, we analyzed the relationship between burial practices and mitochondrial (mt) DNA variation for the Oaxacan Barrio and the published data of other Teotihuacan neighborhoods and ethnic groups outside. We observed two Pre-Columbian burials in the Barrio, one in flexed lateral decubitus and another in extended dorsal decubitus, which was more common (79%). The extended dorsal burial persisted until the Colonial Period, when a burial with arms crossed over the chest, possibly Christian, appeared. The Pre-Columbian Oaxacan Barrio exhibited no mtDNA differentiation between sexes and was closer to northwestern Zapotecs of the Classic Period among the groups compared, suggesting that it was genetically and thus culturally isolated within the city. Teotihuacan neighborhoods exhibited different genetic affinities with Oaxacan groups and a spatial structure of mtDNA around the Street of the Dead, consisting of larger B-type contents in the city’s northeast, A types in the west and east, C types in the south, and D types in the midwest. Most mitochondrial lineages in the Barrio originated from Oaxaca, preceded by gene flow with the Maya region. A Barrio’s elite female, who exhibited Mayan ornaments and body modifications, showed a mitochondrial C1 type more closely related to Oaxaca than to the Maya region. Mitochondrial lineages also showed continuity between the Pre-Columbian and the Colonial Oaxacan Barrio, despite the arrival of new occupants—mainly Aztec—after the Classic Period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulation of goods: shell ornaments from El Carmen 2, Santa María valley (Northwest Argentina), ca. 400–1500 BP","authors":"Agustina Longo ,&nbsp;Sandra Gordillo","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of foreign molluscs and ornamental objects made from their shells at archaeological sites in the Southern Andes has often been interpreted as a material indicator of exchange practices, reflecting the circulation of goods between different regions. This paper presents the archaeomalacological remains recovered from the courtyard of a residential unit at the El Carmen 2 archaeological site, Santa María valley (Northwest Argentina), <em>ca.</em> 400–1500 BP. The assemblage includes three elements: two beads, one of which was made from a terrestrial snail of the genus <em>Megalobulimus</em>, and an inlay that may correspond to a marine mollusc of the genus <em>Urosalpinx</em>. The presence of molluscs from both the Yungas and the Atlantic coast in domestic contexts in the intermediate valleys of Northwest Argentina suggests their role in daily life, as objects that could be worn on the body or simply carried by individuals, within the framework of extensive exchange networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hounsfield attenuation coefficient and taphonomic changes in the radiological evaluation of ancient bones","authors":"E. González-Reimers ,&nbsp;S.J. Cockerill ,&nbsp;E. Marrero-Salas ,&nbsp;H. Ruiz-González ,&nbsp;I. Ribot-Hernández ,&nbsp;E. Suárez-Toste ,&nbsp;L.F. Otón-Sánchez ,&nbsp;M. Arnay-de-la-Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study was performed to explore the usefulness of Hounsfield coefficient attenuation (HU) in evaluating sclerotic bone lesions, especially in the differential diagnosis of taphonomic alterations vs. true bone lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>We analyzed skeletal remains of a middle-aged pre-Hispanic man (antiquity≈ 700 BP) from Tenerife (Canary Islands) with several radiodense bone structures. Soil samples of different compositions, from several locations on the island, including the cave where the individual was buried, were also analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The skeletal remains were subjected to plain X-ray film (50 kV; 20 mAs; focus-film distance of 100 cm); computerized tomography (CT) and calculation of HU of the whole bones, the bone lesions, and the soil samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) (Oxford X-Max^N 50 mm² (Oxford instruments, High Wycombe, UK) were also used to assess geochemical composition of the soil samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Marked differences in HU between soil samples and bone lesions (p &lt; 0.001) were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HU is useful to discern between a true bone lesion and taphonomic soil infiltration of the bone marrow. However burial environment and soil structure should be taken into account, since they may alter HU estimation.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study supports the use of CT and HU assessment to discard taphonomic origin of radiodense structures within bone marrow.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>This study is restricted to a single case which probably presented osteopoikilosis.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><div>HU assessment should be performed on other radiodense bone structures such as sequestrae or conditions associated with patchy osteosclerosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassembling quarried landscapes through non-destructive X-ray fluorescence: the decorated metates from Central Nicaragua","authors":"Arturo García-De León ,&nbsp;Dennis Braekmans ,&nbsp;Alexander Geurds","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Between 300 CE and 1550 CE, the Isthmo-Colombian Area had one of the highest concentrations of stone artisans. This is reflected in the decorated metates that extend from Honduras to northern Colombia. The Chontales department, in central Nicaragua, plays an important role due to its geographic location between different cultural regions. In fact, archaeological investigations point to a strong tendency towards a local ethnic identity due to the style of its standing stone sculptures. However, the production of decorated metates appears to share similarities with broader regional styles from northern areas of the Isthmo-Colombian Area. Considering that most of the decorated metates were collected throughout the early half of the 20th century and belong to museums where no or limited information on their original context is contained, the study of these materials must rely mostly on alternative lines of evidence such as archaeometric studies. In this research, we explore the relationship between artisanal production and the selection of (volcanic) raw material sources in the Chontales archaeological landscape. In this paper, we present the (1) non-destructive characterization of the collection and (2) explore the correlation between geochemical sources and stylistic characteristics. Contrary to previous assumptions, the study finds that a wide variety of volcanic material sources were used in decorated metate manufacturing and may, in fact, have been widely circulated. Furthermore, the study suggests that specific sources were used for particular tasks. These results may provide insight into our understanding of persistent crafting traditions and intergroup interactions in Central Nicaragua.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adornment in the early Mesolithic: Analysis of marine shells from La Baume de Monthiver (Jabron, Var, France)","authors":"Hoareau Leïla ,&nbsp;Beyries Sylvie ,&nbsp;Ricci Giulia","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread distribution of the Sauveterrian complex across Europe suggests the presence of networks connecting distant groups, facilitating the dissemination of concepts and techniques on a large scale. This hypothesis is largely based on the analysis of lithic tools in terms of provisioning, knapping techniques and the typology of tools produced. However, to gain a detailed understanding of the social dynamics of early Holocene groups, it would seem necessary to include other aspects of Sauveterrian societies. In particular, ornamental practices played an important role in social relations, due to their function in the construction and expression of personal and collective identities. Through the study of ornaments, we aim to unravel the interactions between Sauveterrian groups. The study of the ornaments from La Baume de Monthiver (Var, France) has enabled us to address both the diachronic and synchronic dimensions of ornamental practices. Here we analyze the entire biography of ornamental objects, from the collection of raw materials, the methods of manufacture, to the mounting of the ornamental composition, revealing a certain stability in practices at the beginning of the Holocene. Several dynamics seem to be intertwined, between the shared choice of raw material on a very large scale and possible regional dynamics visible especially in the type of ornamental compositions adopted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nondestructive investigations of tin-rich bronze mirrors discovered in Dacian sites from Sălaj County – Romania","authors":"Ioan Petean ,&nbsp;Aurora Pețan ,&nbsp;Horea Pop ,&nbsp;Simona Elena Avram ,&nbsp;Lucian Barbu Tudoran ,&nbsp;Gheorghe Borodi","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mirrors were a sign of power and wealth in antiquity, having an important role in wedding and funeral rituals. Bronze mirrors were commonly manufactured in the Roman and Hellenistic worlds, with a moderate tin content of up to 26 wt%. Roman and Greek mirrors entered Dacia through commercial relations or as spoils of war, and therefore, are often found in Dacian sites. The present article is focused on the investigation of unusual white bronze mirror fragments discovered in Dacian sites in Salaj County, Romania, which were subjected to non-destructive analysis. The general aspect indicates that they were produced by casting. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) elemental analysis reveals bronze with high tin amounts ranging from 39.1 to 44.6 wt% and small amounts of 1 – 4 % Pb regarding Cu. Elemental maps reveal tin-rich grains identified by X Ray Diffraction (XRD) as intermetallic compound Cu6Sn5 and copper-rich grains identified as Cu₄₁Sn₁₁. Casting such thin-walled specimens causes rapid cooling, which doesn’t allow for the proper crystallisation of Cu3Sn through the eutectoid reaction, thereby maintaining the Cu₄₁Sn₁₁ structure. Thus, these mirrors have brittle structures due to the development of intermetallic compounds, which enable proper abrasion polishing using ancient methods. Atomic Force Microscopy reveals that Cu₆Sn₅ grains are more affected by the polishing action, inducing a roughness of 55.7 to 60.2 nm, while mirrors having more Cu41Sn11 have smoother surfaces with a roughness of about 21.7–36.8 nm. Both cases ensure clear mirror lustre with a silvery aspect, making these mirrors appreciated for their quality. Unfortunately, such brittle intermetallic compounds make these mirrors break like glass, a fact sustained by their findings as fragments. These findings suggest a deliberate technological choice aimed at enhancing reflectivity through the use of tin-rich alloys, despite their mechanical fragility. Comparative data from Celtic contexts suggest the possibility of shared metallurgical knowledge and similar alloying practices across Late Iron Age Europe. The absence of Greco-Roman parallels and the archaeological contexts point to local production, contributing to a revised understanding of Dacian metallurgy as innovative and regionally integrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel use pattern of pottery kilns in Longhucun site (3200–2600 cal BP), the Chengdu Plain, southwest China","authors":"Dongmin Hu ,&nbsp;Ruohan Wang ,&nbsp;Guilin Zhang ,&nbsp;Gang Jiang ,&nbsp;Hongen Jiang ,&nbsp;Wang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Xie ,&nbsp;Wenwen Li ,&nbsp;Zhanfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Shixin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developed pottery manufacture was one of the key subsistence patterns of Shierqiao culture (3200–2600 cal BP) in the Chengdu Plain, southwest China. Current researches mainly focus on the structure of pottery kilns, ingredients, and production techniques of potteries. However, botanical constituents of fuels used in pottery kilns were lack of research. In Longhucun site, as a representative site of Shierqiao culture, one group of pottery kilns consisting of 19 kilns was concentratedly discovered, providing crucial materials for investigating fuel utilization in ancient pottery production. In present study, samples of soil sediments from these kilns were systematically collected for identifying the composition of fuels by using the methods of phytolith analysis and wood charcoal anatomy. Results demonstrate that origin of fuels exhibits significant diversity. Phytolith analysis revealed that herbal fuel was dominated by Poaceae plants. By-products of crop processing, like leaves might also be used as fuels, although in smaller proportions. In addition, results of charcoal anatomy suggested that primary wooden fuel was composed of bamboo (Bambusoideae) plants, with additional presence of other taxa, such as <em>Ehretia</em> sp., <em>Prunus</em> sp., <em>Ligustrum</em> sp., <em>Pteroceltis</em> sp., <em>Ilex</em> sp., and <em>Rhododendron</em> sp. Depending on different influencing factors, such as availability of local vegetation and combustion properties of plant materials, strategies of purposeful fuel collection were employed by Longhucun inhabitants. This study provides brand novel insights for exploring the composition of fuels used in pottery firing during Shierqiao culture, which have been previously overlooked, and also offers important methodological references on fuel research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manufacturing processes of Neolithic and modern pottery traditions in Sudan with case studies from the Nuba Mountains: A comparative study","authors":"Wafa Sharif Dawod Hussein","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethnographic and experimental studies have provided valuable insights into early methods of pottery production. Building on this foundation, the present article explores pottery manufacture in late prehistoric in Sudan through the lens of the chaîne opératoire framework, linking archaeological evidence with modern traditional pottery practices in the Nuba Mountains. The study re-examines Mesolithic and Neolithic assemblages from Sudan, comparing them with ethnographic data collected in 2020 from workshops in Dilling (Nuba Mountains). This comparative approach sheds light on forming, preforming techniques, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of technological processes and their cultural significance in late prehistory context. The results highlight several continuities between prehistoric and modern practices. Clay collection, forming (Shaping) techniques, and open-pit firing in the Nuba Mountains mirror techniques that may have been employed in late prehistory. In vessel forming, drawing out a lump of clay and coiling by pinching were dominant methods in Mesolithic and Neolithic contexts, with supplementary preforming techniques such as paddle-and-anvil likely applied. Ethnographic parallels underscore the persistence of these handmade traditions while also revealing contexts of innovation and adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed-alkali glazed ceramics in 1st-6th century China: Technological characteristics and origination","authors":"Xuekun Xu ,&nbsp;Weiyan Wei ,&nbsp;Hongson Dang ,&nbsp;Vandiep Hoang ,&nbsp;Qiliu Chen ,&nbsp;Xing Wang ,&nbsp;Junlei Zheng ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Between the 1st and 6th centuries CE, the mixed-alkali glazed ceramics, which differ from the common type of ceramics, emerged from the Lingnan region. These glazes used Na₂O and K₂O as the main fluxes, bearing chemically similarities to mixed-alkali glass. To investigate their technological characteristic and potential origins, this study analyses the chemical compositions and Sr-Nd isotopic signatures of mixed-alkali glazed and calcium-glazed ceramics exacavated from sites in the Lingnan region. The results indicate that the fluxes in the mixed-alkali glazes may have derived from efflorescent salts associated with latrines or manurial soils. Comparative analysis with published data on mixed-alkali glass from the other parts of the world suggests that while these glazes show similarities to European mixed-alkali glass, they are more likely to be independently innovated, meanwhile still retaining characteristics of traditional Chinese ceramics. This research provides new insights into early glaze technology in China and demonstrates the value of isotopic analysis in tracing ceramic production processes and exploring the relationship between glass and ceramics industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithic technology from level 22 at Nasera (Tanzania): The Kisele industry revisited","authors":"Irene Solano-Megías ,&nbsp;José Manuel Maíllo-Fernández ,&nbsp;Juan Marín ,&nbsp;David M. Martín-Perea ,&nbsp;Agness Gidna ,&nbsp;Audax Z.P. Mabulla","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a techno-typological analysis of level 22 at the site of Nasera (northern Tanzania), shedding new light on the Kisele industry (Middle Stone Age) in the region. The lithic assemblage is predominantly characterized by discoid methods and the use of sidescrapers and points, both bifacial and unifacial. The raw materials used are primarily local in origin, including quartz and chert from Olduvai. However, the presence of a small number of obsidian pieces originating from Lake Naivasha basin suggests long-distance contact between MSA groups.</div><div>In addition to the discoid methods, other operational schemes, such as the Levallois or the single platform, have been identified in smaller numbers, with higher-quality materials such as chert used in the Levallois. This indicates a greater variability in the number of production methods used than that previously identified for the Kisele industry.</div><div>Comparisons with other regional industries, such as the older Sanzako, or contemporaneous ones like VCS and DGS at Olduvai or Loiyangalani in the Serengeti, show techno-typological differences that present a scenario of greater technological complexity and diversity than previously known for northern Tanzania.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}