Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports最新文献

{"title":"Composition and origin of the first millennium AD glass uncovered at Khirbet adh-Dharih, south Jordan","authors":"Khaled Al-Bashaireh ,&nbsp;Ian C. Freestone ,&nbsp;François Villeneuve ,&nbsp;Zeidoun Al-Muheisen ,&nbsp;Tom Gregory","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sixty-four glasses excavated at Khirbet adh-Dharih, south Jordan, and archaeologically dated from the Roman to Early Abbasid periods were analyzed by wavelength-dispersive electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The majority of the glasses (57) were fluxed with natron. In the Roman period antimony-decolorized glass from Egypt, manganese-decolorized glass from the Levant and recycled Roman MnSb glass are present. From the middle of the fourth century glass from the Levantine production centers Jalame and Apollonia dominates the assemblage up to the eighth century, when glass from Bet Eli’ezer becomes common, consistent with previous findings from the North. Egypt I and II types also occur at this time, consistent with previous findings from the wider region indicating that Egyptian glass continued to be imported into the Levant in the 8-9th centuries. Plant ash glass is represented from Mesopotamia, from Tyre and from unidentified sources in Egypt or Syria. Overall, these results suggest that glass from a wider range of sources was being exploited in the early Islamic period than in Byzantine times. Evidence for recycling is particularly apparent in the Apollonia-type glasses but is hardly noticed in the Bet Eli’ezer-type, consistent with a greater dependency on local resources in the sixth-seventh centuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health and well-being in Medieval Estremoz, Portugal: Uncovering the diet and longevity of a distinct and thriving community","authors":"Ana Curto ,&nbsp;Vanessa Navarrete ,&nbsp;Anne-France Maurer ,&nbsp;Cristina Barrocas Dias ,&nbsp;Teresa Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intersection of socioeconomic policies and health in archaeological contexts highlights how ancient societies’ structures, practices, and regulations influenced their people’s health and well-being. This study investigates the diet and health of a 13th to 15th-century Portuguese town, Estremoz, known for having royal privileges. By analysing human remains for physiological stress indicators and employing stable isotopic analysis to estimate adult diet, the research provides insights into the life of this medieval population. Human remains (141 skeletons: 72 under 15 years old; 69 over 15 years old) from Rossio Marquês de Pombal (13th − 15th centuries) were analysed and faunal remains (N = 171) and bone collagen (N = 13 faunal remains; N = 37 human ribs: 14 females, 18 males, 5 undetermined) were examined to estimate adult diet using stable isotopic composition (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C). Skeletal indicators of physiological stress (<em>cribra orbitalia, cribra cranii</em>, periosteal lesions, stature and body mass) were assessed to infer overall health. The diet was relatively uniform (δ¹³C x̄ = −18.3 ± 0.46 ‰; δ¹⁵N x̄ = 10.9 ± 0.77 ‰) with some outliers, mostly male, suggesting that there might have been outsiders in Estremoz attracted by the privileges given to its inhabitants. The low and non-severe frequency of physiological stress, particularly in females, indicates a good quality of life without major nutritional deficits. These findings illustrate how bioarchaeological studies can reveal the impact of social dynamics and cultural influences on past health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ochre processing in Ethiopia: Chaîne opératoire, macrolithic tool design, and use wear","authors":"Jérôme Robitaille","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This ethnoarchaeological study investigates the grinding and use of minerals, specifically ochre, within the Hamar agro-pastoralist group in the Omo Valley, southern Ethiopia. Despite the limited focus on mineral grinding in previous studies, ochre plays a crucial role in various cultural and ceremonial contexts. This research comprehensively explores the chaîne opératoire of ochre, from sourcing and processing to its application in body adornment and initiation ceremonies. Focusing on the Hamar community, where red ochre is an essential cosmetic element, particularly for married women, this study examines the design, functionality, and use wear of the stone tools employed in ochre processing. Ground stone tools such as grinders and querns, made of materials such as granite, basalt and quartz, are analysed within a design theory framework. The study investigates the reasons behind the selection of specific materials for primary-design and recycled tools and how these choices impact the final product’s colour and quality. Through ethnographic observation and use wear analysis, the study delves into the multifunctional use, reuse and recycling of these tools, revealing the Hamar community’s adaptability and resourcefulness. The analysis of wear patterns on the tools provides insights into their functionality and the diverse applications of ochre in the Hamar society. By examining the intricacies of ochre processing and the associated tools, this study contributes to a broader understanding of the cultural significance, technological practices, and cognitive aspects of mineral grinding in the Hamar community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 104987"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review and update of existing palaeo-environmental and anthracological guidelines in Ireland","authors":"Ellen OCarroll","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Charcoal, as an environmental proxy, has been sampled, processed and analysed from hundreds of excavations on the Republic of Ireland’s road and rail infrastructural projects through the state agency Transport Infrastructural Ireland (TII). The approaches taken to sampling, analysis and reporting varied extensively between different practitioners, prompting the development and implementation of palaeo-environmental guidelines for archaeological projects in 2012 by TII: Palaeo-environmental Sampling Guidelines (PESG). These guidelines have been in operation for over 10 years (McClatchie and OCarroll 2012 and revised 2015). The implementation and use of the guidelines by many different practitioners has provided consistency in sampling procedures across a range of different sites as well as standardised analysis and reporting of charcoal and palaeo-environmental remains from TII-funded projects. After a decade of implementation TII considered that it was timely and appropriate to commission a review of the guidelines as TII’s responsibilities had expanded to encompass urban light rail projects. TII also recognised the need to ascertain what had worked well and what could be improved, to consider changes in methodological approaches over the last 10 years, and to identify any new sampling procedures and strategies, particularly for excavations in urban contexts.</div><div>Irish Archaeological Consultancy (IAC) Ltd. were appointed by TII to review and update the guidelines. The review considered best international practice and engaged with key stakeholders to obtain feedback on the implementation and use of the existing guidelines (including stakeholder workshops and questionnaires). The main outcomes of the review centred on the need for earlier engagement in relation to environmental and anthracological guidance, more user friendly and graphically focussed instructions, increased and more effective communication between all parties as well as the introduction of new case studies and the inclusion of new methodological approaches that had developed during the 10 years that the guidelines were in use. Workshops will be delivered to ensure any new procedures and implementation processes are understood and effectively executed by practitioners and consultancies. This paper examines the existing TII and international guidelines, explains the review process, and sets out the changes and updates for future guidance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 104979"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Glacial hunters in highlands: Evidence from Boga-Orun rockshelter, a new Epipalaeolithic site in the north-central Caucasus, Russia","authors":"Liubov V. Golovanova ,&nbsp;Vladimir B. Doronichev ,&nbsp;Redzhep N. Kurbanov ,&nbsp;Elena I. Revina ,&nbsp;Ekaterina V. Doronicheva","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Located in the north-central Caucasus, near the highest European mountain peak of Elbrus (5640 m asl) and the only obsidian source (Zayukovo or Baksan) known in the North Caucasus, Boga-Orun rockshelter (1577 m asl) that was discovered in 2023 is one of the highest Epipaleolithic sites in the Caucasus. The new evidence from Boga-Orun rockshelter, which is dated from the early Late Glacial, suggests that the Epipaleolithic hunters started to visit and establish their hunting campsites in highland areas in the north-central Caucasus already in the beginning of Late Glacial period, shortly after the harsh glacial environments of the Last Glacial Maximum passed and the lower highland zone become available for human activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105009"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient sacrificial dog DNA reveals North–South interactions during the late Shang Dynasty in northern China","authors":"Wenqi Wei ,&nbsp;Xingcheng Wang ,&nbsp;Wenyan Li ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Dawei Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the Shang Dynasty in ancient China, dog domestication, dog consumption, and the utilization of dogs peaked. In this study, we analysed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 36 dogs from the Zhoujiazhuang site in Hebei Province, China. We successfully obtained 21 high-quality complete mitochondrial genomes, revealing the maternal genetic structure of the dog population. The results revealed that the majority of dogs belonged to the A haplogroup (20/21), but they were further classified into different subhaplogroups. Through comparisons with other dogs from surrounding regions, we found that both northern Eurasia and southern East Asia dogs may have influenced the maternal genetic heritage of dogs in North China. This finding sheds light on the social context behind dog domestication, specifically the trade and exchanges between populations in the north and south.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromorphological analysis of soils in the archaeological site El Cangrejo, Corrientes, Argentina","authors":"Marco Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work we will present the results of the application of soil micromorphology at the El Cangrejo archaeological site, located in Uruguay basin, southeast of the province of Corrientes, Argentina. Through the information collected and the conjunction of data from X-ray diffractograms, textural identity and pedological surveys, it was possible to reconstruct the climatic conditions contemporary to human occupation at the site, as well as the anthropic activities carried out. At the same time, we have proposed a soil development model and discussed the pedogenetic processes that occurred as inferred from the different lines of evidence. In this sense, we highlight the potential of soil micromorphology to investigate the archaeological past and discern between natural and anthropic processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First conclusions on Early-Middle Holocene ground (sand)stone production in the Eastern Sahel: View from the Shaqadud site complex (north-west Butana, Sudan)","authors":"Jaroslav Řídký ,&nbsp;Jan Zavřel ,&nbsp;Lenka Varadzinová ,&nbsp;Pavel Burgert ,&nbsp;Jiří Unger ,&nbsp;Ladislav Varadzin","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study we combine data derived from an exceptional find context and a surface survey focused on the identification of traces of production and quarrying activities in Central Sudan. The ground-stone assemblage from Trench 1/S1-B located at the foot of Jebel Shaqadud (Shaqadud Mountain) yielded a striking number of sandstone flakes, roughouts, and hammerstones together with other finds, all occurring in the same layers that have been radiocarbon dated to the 9th millennium cal BCE. The high concentration of ground-stone artefacts over the entire Shaqadud site complex indicates their enormous importance for local communities and, at the same time, their intensive use long before domesticated crops and animals were introduced in this area. While sandstones suitable for the manufacture of ground stones are present over the entire mountain range, it is possible to confirm an increased occurrence of roughouts together with production tools in a roughly 0.5 km radius around the box canyon with preserved settlement layers and an excavated trench. According to our findings, the primary shaping of grinding-milling tools took place near the sandstone outcrops, but all known morphometric groups were most probably completed in the settlement area of the box canyon and in close proximity to the canyon. No specialised production apparently took place here, although we cannot rule out the possibility that roughouts and final products were distributed to more distant areas lacking suitable stone raw materials and could thus have been part of some form of exchange.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 104991"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare insights into ceramic biographies: Remarkable pottery finds from linear pottery wells in Central Germany","authors":"Frank Schell,&nbsp;Harald Stäuble","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wells of the Linear Pottery culture (LPC; in German: Linienbandkeramik = LBK) with one of the main distribution centres in Central Germany, offer good preservation conditions for organic materials due to their water-saturated sediments. They allow unique insights into various forms of vessel manipulation, such as simple and complex repairs or extensive redecoration using birch tar, birch bark and bast strings. This shows that the relationship between the first farming communities in Central Europe and their ceramic products was complex and ambivalent and often, from today’s perspective, subject to apparently irrational or at least inexplicable motives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 104942"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tale of volcanic rocks: Life histories of grinding stones from Bronze Age Kaymakçı","authors":"Kristina Doležalová ,&nbsp;Tunç Kaner ,&nbsp;Ján Bobik ,&nbsp;Peter Pavúk ,&nbsp;Christina Luke ,&nbsp;Christopher H. Roosevelt","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Life history processes embedded in archaeological artefacts reveal individual phases of artefact life cycles as well as associated sociocultural aspects of communities. In this paper, the life histories of the macrolithic assemblage from Kaymakçı are explored. Active during the 2nd millennium BCE in western Anatolia, Kaymakçı became a major fortified citadel. People here privileged local interests when procuring stone and in the manufacturing of these artefacts; as follows, we offer insights into the significance of their life histories at Kaymakçı. Importantly the local histories of ground stone complement other assemblages more indicative of external influences, such as those from the Aegean (Mycenaean/Minoan) or central Anatolia (Hittite). Here we present for the first time Kaymakçı’s robust grinding stone assemblage of ca. 300 samples, all from excavated contexts. Our data demonstrates that volcanic stones were procured from within a wider catchment, with sources located as far away as ca. 50 km from Kaymakçı. Contextual and spatial data indicate the clustering of these objects in the urban spaces of the citadel. Significantly, life histories are revealed in the careful documentation of design and technologies, specific choices in ergonomic adjustments, reuse, and disposal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 104996"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}