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Public Understanding of Science最新文献

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How generative artificial intelligence portrays science: Interviewing ChatGPT from the perspective of different audience segments. 生成式人工智能如何描绘科学：从不同受众群体的角度采访 ChatGPT。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241268910
Sophia Charlotte Volk, Mike S Schäfer, Damiano Lombardi, Daniela Mahl, Xiaoyue Yan
{"title":"How generative artificial intelligence portrays science: Interviewing ChatGPT from the perspective of different audience segments.","authors":"Sophia Charlotte Volk, Mike S Schäfer, Damiano Lombardi, Daniela Mahl, Xiaoyue Yan","doi":"10.1177/09636625241268910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241268910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generative artificial intelligence in general and ChatGPT in particular have risen in importance. ChatGPT is widely known and used increasingly as an information source for different topics, including science. It is therefore relevant to examine how ChatGPT portrays science and science-related issues. Research on this question is lacking, however. Hence, we simulate \"interviews\" with ChatGPT and reconstruct how it presents science, science communication, scientific misbehavior, and controversial scientific issues. Combining qualitative and quantitative content analysis, we find that, generally, ChatGPT portrays science largely as the STEM disciplines, in a positivist-empiricist way and a positive light. When comparing ChatGPT's responses to different simulated user profiles and responses from the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 versions, we find similarities in that the scientific consensus on questions such as climate change, COVID-19 vaccinations, or astrology is consistently conveyed across them. Beyond these similarities in substance, however, pronounced differences are found in the personalization of responses to different user profiles and between GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241268910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fiction references as framing devices in extended reality news discourse. 小说引用作为扩展现实新闻话语中的框架工具。
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241277446
Emma Kaylee Graves-Sandriman
{"title":"Fiction references as framing devices in extended reality news discourse.","authors":"Emma Kaylee Graves-Sandriman","doi":"10.1177/09636625241277446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241277446","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines fiction references in news coverage of extended reality. Based on a mixed methods analysis of 977 news articles from UK mainstream mass media outlets, this study found that fiction references were frequently used as framing devices within the news articles, with a focus on two franchises: The Matrix original trilogy (1999-2003) and Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987-1994). These references were utilised in the following three key ways: claiming fiction is becoming real; as a tool to improve readers' understanding of extended reality; and, to a limited degree, to create dystopic visions of extended reality. Ultimately, this article shows that, despite the dystopic representations of extended reality in fiction, fiction references have primarily been used to portray extended reality as advanced and high-quality. This supports extended reality adoption and the commercial interests of technology companies, raising questions as to whether journalists prioritise the interests of their readers when creating such news.","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"9636625241277446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Felicity Mellor Insights on Science Journalism 书评：Felicity Mellor 对科学新闻的见解
IF 4.1 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241275735
Matthias Kohring
{"title":"Book Review: Felicity Mellor Insights on Science Journalism","authors":"Matthias Kohring","doi":"10.1177/09636625241275735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241275735","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia. 宣布危机？维基百科上关于气候变化的时间建构。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241268890
Olivia Steiert
{"title":"Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia.","authors":"Olivia Steiert","doi":"10.1177/09636625241268890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241268890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On Wikipedia, editors daily negotiate edits to an entry that summarizes climate change to a global audience. The outcome of their efforts is an encyclopedic entry with a conspicuous lack of temporal clarity that circumvents the question of whether climate change is an immediate crisis or merely a potential future phenomenon. This qualitative discourse analysis of editors' debates around climate change on Wikipedia argues that their hesitancy to \"declare crisis\" is not a conscious editorial choice as much as an outcome of a friction between the folk philosophy of science Wikipedia is built upon, editors' own sense of urgency, and their anticipations about audience uptake of their writing. This friction shapes a group style that fosters temporal ambiguity. Hence, the findings suggest that in the Wikipedia entry on climate change, platform affordances and contestation of expertise foreclose a declaration of climate crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241268890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The plurivocal university: Typologizing the diverse voices of a research university on social media. 多元大学：将一所研究型大学在社交媒体上的不同声音类型化。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241268700
Sophia Charlotte Volk, Daniel Vogler, Silke Fürst, Mike S Schäfer
{"title":"The plurivocal university: Typologizing the diverse voices of a research university on social media.","authors":"Sophia Charlotte Volk, Daniel Vogler, Silke Fürst, Mike S Schäfer","doi":"10.1177/09636625241268700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241268700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Science communication has diversified in the wake of the digital transformation of communication and media ecosystems. Social media enable universities, but also academics and institutions affiliated with them, to expand their communication. This leads to increasing plurivocality of universities, yet the many different voices remain largely unexplored. This study develops a typology to conceptually distinguish eight voices by their representational role, hierarchical embeddedness, type, and affiliation. Based on a quantitative content and social network analysis of more than 600 Twitter accounts linked to a research university, it identifies six types of voices empirically. The study compares interactions among these voices, showing differences between central and decentral, as well as institutional and individual voices, and highlighting closer exchanges between voices within the same disciplinary communities. It also examines topics and tonality, revealing that decentral institutional voices engage most in science-related topics, and that only current and former students express critical views.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241268700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does exposure necessarily lead to misbelief? A meta-analysis of susceptibility to health misinformation. 接触一定会导致误信吗？关于健康误导易感性的荟萃分析。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241266150
Jinhui Li, Xiaodong Yang
{"title":"Does exposure necessarily lead to misbelief? A meta-analysis of susceptibility to health misinformation.","authors":"Jinhui Li, Xiaodong Yang","doi":"10.1177/09636625241266150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241266150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the overall effect of health misinformation exposure on shaping misbelief. Aggregation of results from 28 individual randomized controlled trial studies (<i>n</i> = 8752) reveals a positive but small average effect, <i>d</i> = 0.28. Moderation analyses suggest that adults who are younger and female tend to develop higher misbelief if exposed to health misinformation. Furthermore, media platform, message falsity, and misbelief measurements also contribute to the exposure effect. These findings offer nuanced but crucial insights into existing misinformation literature, and development of more effective strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of health misinformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241266150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public perception of new plant breeding techniques and the psychosocial determinants of acceptance: A systematic review. 公众对植物育种新技术的看法及其接受的社会心理决定因素：系统综述。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241254981
Michele Paleologo, Alessandra Lanubile, Marco Camardo Leggieri, Guendalina Graffigna, Paolo Gomarasca, Serena Barello
{"title":"Public perception of new plant breeding techniques and the psychosocial determinants of acceptance: A systematic review.","authors":"Michele Paleologo, Alessandra Lanubile, Marco Camardo Leggieri, Guendalina Graffigna, Paolo Gomarasca, Serena Barello","doi":"10.1177/09636625241254981","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241254981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancements in New Plant Breeding Techniques have emerged as promising tools for enhancing crop productivity, quality, and resilience in the face of global challenges, such as climate change and food security. However, the successful implementation of these techniques relies also on public acceptance of this innovation. Understanding what shapes public perception and acceptance of New Plant Breeding Techniques is crucial for effective science communication, policymaking, and the sustainable adoption of these innovations. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize existing research on the public perception of New Plant Breeding Techniques applied to food crops and explore the psychosocial determinants that influence acceptance. Twenty papers published between 2015 and 2023 were included on various New Plant Breeding Techniques and their reception by the general public. Determinants affecting the acceptance of food crops derived from New Plant Breeding Techniques were categorized into six areas: sociodemographic factors, perceived benefits and risks, attitudes toward science, communication strategies, personal values, and product characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"795-812"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imagining the model citizen: A comparison between public understanding of science, public engagement in science, and citizen science. 想象模范公民：公众对科学的理解、公众对科学的参与和公民科学之间的比较。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-18 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241227081
Wanheng Hu
{"title":"Imagining the model citizen: A comparison between public understanding of science, public engagement in science, and citizen science.","authors":"Wanheng Hu","doi":"10.1177/09636625241227081","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241227081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the visions of citizens' ideal practices regarding technoscientific affairs in a democratic society, namely \"imaginaries of model citizens,\" that underlie three science and public initiatives: public understanding of science, public engagement in science, and citizen science. While imaginaries of citizens are performative and necessary to these initiatives, they are often relegated to the background. I argue that such imaginaries are the result of a complex of perceptions on the nature of science, the role of democracy in scientific activities, and the form of \"democratizing\" science. The imaginary of model citizens in public understanding of science is of literate citizens who should know science sufficiently, use it in daily life, and support science; in public engagement in science, the model citizen is a responsible one who should engage in the governance of technoscientific issues; and in citizen science, a contributive one who should partake in and enjoy creating scientific knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"709-724"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of self-disclosure and gender on a climate scientist's credibility and likability on social media. 自我披露和性别对气候科学家在社交媒体上的可信度和受欢迎程度的影响。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231225073
Nahyun Kim, Chris Skurka, Stephanie Madden
{"title":"The effects of self-disclosure and gender on a climate scientist's credibility and likability on social media.","authors":"Nahyun Kim, Chris Skurka, Stephanie Madden","doi":"10.1177/09636625231225073","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231225073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To examine whether different types of disclosure made by climate scientists on social media influence perceived source credibility (i.e. competence, integrity, benevolence) and likability, we conducted a 2 (self-disclosure type: personal vs political) × 3 (proportion of posts including a self-disclosure: 20% vs 50% vs 80%) × 2 (gender identity of scientist: male vs female) between-subjects experiment (<i>N</i> = 734). We found that people liked the scientist more for a personal than political disclosure, rated them as being more competent for a political disclosure, and liked a female scientist more than a male scientist. However, scientist's gender did not moderate the effect of disclosure type or the effect of participants' gender. Our results suggest distinct benefits when scientists deliver different types of messages on social media, although disclosure is unlikely to have substantial effects on lay judgments of scientists' credibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"692-708"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Feminist retroviruses to white Sharia: Gender "science fan fiction" on 4Chan. 从女权逆转录病毒到白人伊斯兰教法：4Chan 上的性别 "科幻小说"。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241228160
Nicole Iturriaga, Aaron Panofsky, Kushan Dasgupta
{"title":"Feminist retroviruses to white Sharia: Gender \"science fan fiction\" on 4Chan.","authors":"Nicole Iturriaga, Aaron Panofsky, Kushan Dasgupta","doi":"10.1177/09636625241228160","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241228160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article demonstrates-based on an interpretive discourse analysis of three types of memes (Rabid Feminists, Women's Bodies, Policy Ideas) and secondary thread discourse on 4chan's \"Politically Incorrect\" discussion board-two key findings: (1) the existence of a gendered hate based scientific discourse, \"science fan fiction,\" in online spaces and (2) how gender \"science fan fiction\" is an outcome of the male supremacist cosmology, by producing and justifying resentment against white women as being both inherently untrustworthy (politically, sexually, intellectually) and dangerous. This perspective-which combines hatred and distrust of women with white nationalist anxieties about demographic shifts, racial integrity, and sexuality-then motivates misogynist policy ideas including total domination of women or their removal. 4chan users employ this discourse to \"scientifically\" substantiate claims of white male supremacy, the fundamental untrustworthiness of white women, and to argue white women's inherent threat to white male supremacist goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"757-776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139984220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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