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Science popularisation as diffusion of knowledge? 科学普及是知识的传播？
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241246085
Plamena Panayotova
{"title":"Science popularisation as diffusion of knowledge?","authors":"Plamena Panayotova","doi":"10.1177/09636625241246085","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241246085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article offers an in-depth analysis of the diffusion model of science popularisation. It reviews criticisms against the model and shows that they do not warrant its rejection. It argues that the diffusion model has elements, hitherto neglected, which can facilitate a better understanding of popularisation. Viewing popularisation as the diffusion of knowledge is beneficial because it enables us to: (1) pinpoint the origins of popularisation and trace its historical continuity; (2) explain <i>why</i> science requires continuous popularisation; (3) understand why the values that popularisers promote are not arbitrary; and (4) define more precisely the role of popularisers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"676-691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who is at risk of bias? Examining dispositional differences in motivated science reception. 谁有可能出现偏差？研究科学接受动机的性格差异。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241262611
Marlene Sophie Altenmüller, Laura Amelie Poppe
{"title":"Who is at risk of bias? Examining dispositional differences in motivated science reception.","authors":"Marlene Sophie Altenmüller, Laura Amelie Poppe","doi":"10.1177/09636625241262611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241262611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The motivated reception of science in line with one's preexisting convictions is a well-documented, pervasive phenomenon. In two studies (<i>N</i> = 743), we investigated whether this bias might be stronger in some people than others due to dispositional differences. Building on the assumptions that motivated science reception is driven by perceived threat and suspicion and higher under perceived ambiguity and uncertainty, we focused on traits associated with such perceptions. In particular, we tested the impact of conspiracy mentality and victim sensitivity on motivated science reception (as indicated by ascriptions of researchers' trustworthiness and evidence credibility). In addition, we explored the role of broader personality traits (generalized mistrust and ambiguity intolerance) in this context. None of the investigated dispositions modulated the motivated science reception effect. This demonstrates once again, that motivated science reception is a ubiquitous challenge for the effective dissemination of science and everyone seems to be at risk of it.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241262611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-serving beliefs about science: Science justifies my weaknesses (but not other people's). 自以为是的科学信仰：科学能证明我的弱点是合理的（但不能证明别人的弱点是合理的）。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241261320
Francisco Cruz, André Mata
{"title":"Self-serving beliefs about science: Science justifies my weaknesses (but not other people's).","authors":"Francisco Cruz, André Mata","doi":"10.1177/09636625241261320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625241261320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research explored the strategic beliefs that people have about science and the extent to which it can explain moral and immoral behaviors. Although people do not believe that science is able to explain certain aspects of their mind, they might nevertheless accept a scientific explanation for their immoral behaviors if that explanation is exculpatory. In a first study, participants reflected on moral and immoral deeds that they performed or that other people performed. Participants were somewhat skeptic that science can account for people's behavior-<i>except</i> for when they reflected on the wrongdoings that they committed. Two further studies suggest that strategic belief in science arises because it enables external attributions for the behavior, outside of the wrongdoers' control. Implications are discussed for science understanding and communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"9636625241261320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A systematic literature review of the 'commercialisation effect' on public attitudes towards biobank and genomic data repositories. 关于 "商业化效应 "对公众对生物库和基因组数据储存库的态度的系统性文献综述。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241230864
Jarrod Walshe, Brad Elphinstone, Dianne Nicol, Mark Taylor
{"title":"A systematic literature review of the 'commercialisation effect' on public attitudes towards biobank and genomic data repositories.","authors":"Jarrod Walshe, Brad Elphinstone, Dianne Nicol, Mark Taylor","doi":"10.1177/09636625241230864","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241230864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Initiatives that collect and share genomic data to advance health research are widespread and accelerating. Commercial interests in these efforts, while vital, may erode public trust and willingness to provide personal genomic data, upon which these initiatives depend. Understanding public attitudes towards providing genomic data for health research in the context of commercial involvement is critical. A PRISMA-guided search of six online academic databases identified 113 quantitative and qualitative studies using primary data pertaining to public attitudes towards commercial actors in the management, collection, access, and use of biobank and genomic data. The presence of commercial interests yields interrelated public concerns around consent, privacy and data security, trust in science and scientists, benefit sharing, and the ownership and control of health data. Carefully considered regulatory and data governance and access policies are therefore required to maintain public trust and support for genomic health initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"548-567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11264570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who are the publics engaging in AI? 谁是参与人工智能的公众？
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231219853
Renée Sieber, Ana Brandusescu, Abigail Adu-Daako, Suthee Sangiambut
{"title":"Who are the publics engaging in AI?","authors":"Renée Sieber, Ana Brandusescu, Abigail Adu-Daako, Suthee Sangiambut","doi":"10.1177/09636625231219853","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231219853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the importance of public engagement in governments' adoption of artificial intelligence systems, artificial intelligence researchers and practitioners spend little time reflecting on who those publics are. Classifying publics affects assumptions and affordances attributed to the publics' ability to contribute to policy or knowledge production. Further complicating definitions are the publics' role in artificial intelligence production and optimization. Our structured analysis of the corpus used a mixed method, where algorithmic generation of search terms allowed us to examine approximately 2500 articles and provided the foundation to conduct an extensive systematic literature review of approximately 100 documents. Results show the multiplicity of ways publics are framed, by examining and revealing the different semantic nuances, affordances, political and expertise lenses, and, finally, a lack of definitions. We conclude that categorizing publics represents an act of power, politics, and truth-seeking in artificial intelligence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"634-653"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11264545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who is responsible? US Public perceptions of AI governance through the lenses of trust and ethics. 谁该负责？从信任和道德角度看美国公众对人工智能治理的看法。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231224592
Prabu David, Hyesun Choung, John S Seberger
{"title":"Who is responsible? US Public perceptions of AI governance through the lenses of trust and ethics.","authors":"Prabu David, Hyesun Choung, John S Seberger","doi":"10.1177/09636625231224592","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231224592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The governance of artificial intelligence (AI) is an urgent challenge that requires actions from three interdependent stakeholders: individual citizens, technology corporations, and governments. We conducted an online survey (<i>N</i> = 525) of US adults to examine their beliefs about the governance responsibility of these stakeholders as a function of trust and AI ethics. Different dimensions of trust and different ethical concerns were associated with beliefs in governance responsibility of the three stakeholders. Specifically, belief in the governance responsibility of the government was associated with ethical concerns about AI, whereas belief in governance responsibility of corporations was related to both ethical concerns and trust in AI. Belief in governance responsibility of individuals was related to human-centered values of trust in AI and fairness. Overall, the findings point to the need for an interdependent framework in which citizens, corporations, and governments share governance responsibilities, guided by trust and ethics as the guardrails.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"654-672"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Delineating between scientism and science enthusiasm: Challenges in measuring scientism and the development of novel scale. 科学主义与科学热情之间的界限：衡量科学主义的挑战与新量表的开发。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231217900
Petar Lukić, Iris Žeželj
{"title":"Delineating between scientism and science enthusiasm: Challenges in measuring scientism and the development of novel scale.","authors":"Petar Lukić, Iris Žeželj","doi":"10.1177/09636625231217900","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231217900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scientism proposes science to be an all-powerful human enterprise, able to answer not only all practical but also philosophical or moral questions. We are taking a psychological approach to scientism, studying uncritical trust in science and uncritical trust in scientists as a part of a unique attitudinal tendency. Our novel measure assesses both kinds of trust through short Thurstone scales allowing us to establish a clear threshold for endorsing scientism, thus effectively delineating it from science enthusiasm, which previous instruments were unable to do. We built and refined a novel scale through five stages in which we consulted relevant literature, experts, and laypeople. We demonstrated that uncritical trust in science and scientists are interrelated, yet distinct constructs. As expected, these two subscales positively correlated with dogmatism, scientific knowledge, and overclaiming, but not with knowledge overestimation. The results suggest the new instrument is reliable, valid, and suitable for the lay public.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"568-586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scientists in the news photos: Photographic portraits of scientists in China (1949-2022). 科学家新闻照片：中国科学家摄影肖像（1949-2022 年）。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/09636625241226878
Hailing Yu, Yang Yu
{"title":"Scientists in the news photos: Photographic portraits of scientists in China (1949-2022).","authors":"Hailing Yu, Yang Yu","doi":"10.1177/09636625241226878","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625241226878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photography plays an important role in science communication. This study investigates the photographic portraits of scientists in the news media in China from 1949 to 2022. The data consist of 1,071 photographs published in <i>People's Daily</i>, the most influential newspaper in China. The photographs are analysed according to a framework based on previous studies on the visual representation of scientists. Analysis shows an overall image of scientists that demonstrates distinctive 'Chinese' features, such as the prominence of group photos and governmental honours. Diachronically, the visual image of scientists evolved from the early farmer scientists acclaimed in midst of political struggle to social elites and stars celebrated as China's hope for indigenous innovation. The study enriches our understanding of the visual representation of scientists in China, and sheds light on the influence of culture, politics and social positioning of science and technology on the image of scientists created by the media.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":"33 5","pages":"532-547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The politics of politicization: Climate change debates in Canadian print media. 政治化的政治：加拿大印刷媒体中的气候变化辩论。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231220226
Bernhard Isopp
{"title":"The politics of politicization: Climate change debates in Canadian print media.","authors":"Bernhard Isopp","doi":"10.1177/09636625231220226","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231220226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Politicization is frequently employed as an analytic concept to explain the relationships between politics and media coverage of climate change. However, relatively few works explore how different notions of politicization are mobilized by actors in media discourses themselves. This article does so via a framing analysis of climate change coverage in Canadian newspapers. I investigate how different relationships between science and politics are conceived and associated with varying positions on climate change. In particular, I examine a supposition in science and technology studies that the media remains committed to deficit models and thus uncritically reproduces the authority of science. Scientistic discourses exist but among a diversity of politicization framings. A key finding is that the strongest appeals to scientific neutrality are associated with climate skepticism. This casts light on the nuanced, strategic \"politics of politicization\" in climate change debates. A more fine-grained and reflexive approach to politicization discourses can help identify productive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"604-622"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11264564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What if some people just do not like science? How personality traits relate to attitudes toward science and technology. 如果有些人就是不喜欢科学呢？个性特征与科技态度的关系。
IF 3.5 2区 文学
Public Understanding of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231220341
Simon Fuglsang
{"title":"What if some people just do not like science? How personality traits relate to attitudes toward science and technology.","authors":"Simon Fuglsang","doi":"10.1177/09636625231220341","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09636625231220341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As societal discussion on the public opinion of science and technology ignites over and over again, understanding where such opinions are rooted is increasingly relevant. A handful of prior studies have suggested personality traits as a root of science and technology attitudes. However, these report mixed findings, and employ small student or convenience samples. This leaves considerable uncertainty regarding personality traits' relation to attitudes toward science and technology. If in fact stable psychological predispositions play a role, this has considerable implications for science policy and science communication. This article investigates the relationship between the big five personality traits and science attitudes in Germany and the Netherlands. Findings indicate that personality traits are related to science attitudes but only very weakly so, among them openness to experience and negative emotionality are most notably related to science attitudes, whereas extraversion, in contrast to prior studies, shows no relation to science and technology attitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48094,"journal":{"name":"Public Understanding of Science","volume":" ","pages":"623-633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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