{"title":"The cognitive and emotional content of music-evoked autobiographical memories in older adults","authors":"Teresa Lesiuk, Giulia Ripani","doi":"10.1177/03057356241292067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356241292067","url":null,"abstract":"Music can play a significant role in mitigating cognitive deficits in aging adults. When music is long known and has an emotional significance (i.e., autobiographical music), it can trigger memories of past experiences (i.e., Music-Evoked Autobiographical Memories, MEAMs). In this study, we examined the cognitive and emotional content of MEAMs when older adults listened to autobiographical music. To better understand the unique features of MEAMs, we also compared them with responses to non-autobiographical music. Participants ( N = 18; Mean age = 67.7) were asked to listen to (a) a selection of self-selected autobiographical musical pieces and (b) excerpts of researcher-selected songs. Furthermore, participants completed two surveys on their cognitive and emotional responses to music and took part in follow-up interviews. Results indicated that MEAMs elicited positive emotions, which were strongly felt, and triggered memories of life periods with references to themes such as growing up, love relationships and relationships with family, leisure and working times, and stress releasing. Responses to non-autobiographical music triggered different types of cognitive responses, including assimilating new music sounds, and mainly featured references to negative emotional states. MEAMs should be further investigated as a non-pharmacological treatment for age-related cognitive decline and for clinically diagnosed memory disorders.","PeriodicalId":47977,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Music","volume":"Spec No 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick Racine, Samuel Vachon Laflamme, Patrick Gaudreau, Frédéric Langlois
{"title":"Please don’t stop the music! A new look at the performance anxiety of musicians with the model of excellencism and perfectionism","authors":"Patrick Racine, Samuel Vachon Laflamme, Patrick Gaudreau, Frédéric Langlois","doi":"10.1177/03057356241300538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356241300538","url":null,"abstract":"Musicians have normalized performance anxiety (PA) to be part of their musical career. Perfectionism has been proposed as a possible personality risk factor for PA. Although perfectionistic concerns have been consistently positively correlated to PA, results have been inconsistent for perfectionistic standards. This inconsistency is potentially attributable to the fact that past studies did not differentiate the pursuit of high standards and the pursuit of perfectionistic standards. In this study, we aimed to compare the levels of PA of students who pursue high standards (excellence) from those who pursue perfection with the model of excellencism and perfectionism. As a supplementary analysis, we have also investigated if different standards predicted different positive and negative affect levels. A total of 94 music students completed questionnaires on perfectionism, PA, and positive and negative affect. They were recruited through their music conservatory ( N = 69) and recruitment ads on Facebook ( N = 25). Results of multiple linear regression demonstrated that only perfectionistic standards were positively and significantly associated with cognitive state anxiety, overall score of PA, and negative affect. Overall, aiming for excellence rather than perfection seemed to help mitigate levels of PA and the negative affect felt by musicians.","PeriodicalId":47977,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Music","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The development of a resistance to school music scale","authors":"Alican Gülle, Nezaket Bilge Uzun, Cenk Akay","doi":"10.1177/03057356241305937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356241305937","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool measuring secondary school students’ resistance to school music. Construct and content validity studies based on expert reviews, principal component analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, divergent validity, and Horn’s parallel analysis were conducted to provide additional evidence within the scope of the study. For reliability studies, Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability analysis techniques were employed. A 15-item construct consisting of two factors, and explaining 63% of the total variance with their factor loadings ranging between 0.588 and 0.859 was obtained by evaluating the analyses conducted concerning the factor structure and Horn’s parallel analysis. When the sub-factors beneath the factor structure were examined, there were 11 items in the first sub-factor and four items in the second. In the model tested with the confirmatory factor analysis, the results showed that the convergent and divergent validity criteria were satisfied. Finally, it is thought that this research will contribute to the field of music education as the resistance of secondary school students to school music can be determined with the developed scale.","PeriodicalId":47977,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Music","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The important role of self in cross-cultural investigations of affective experiences with music","authors":"Jonathan Tang","doi":"10.1177/03057356241305154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356241305154","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, the construct of ‘culture’ was featured very prominently in music cognition research. However, researchers have adopted a narrow conceptualisation and a limited repertoire of methodologies when investigating ‘culture’. The purpose of this article is to expand on recommendations of Jacoby et al. and propose a novel approach to cross-cultural investigations of affective experiences with music. First, I critically examine how culture has been operationalised in previous studies and present a theoretical framework outlining aspects of culture within the music context. My proposed framework recognises that culture manifests in the individual, the music, and the environment and context, and that these components are continually and mutually constituting one another. Second, I argue that the self is constituted in relation to the cultures that one is part of and hypothesise ways that self-construal theory, as a way of operationalising the self, can enhance current understanding of how culture impacts affective experiences with music. The empirical evidence reviewed shows that self-construal influences motivation, cognition, and emotion outside of musical contexts, which may similarly impact music preferences, perceived emotions, and felt emotions with music. Finally, I reflect on the implications of this approach for future developments in music psychology theory and research. Self-construal, as a means of operationalising the self, can potentially elucidate similarities and differences in affective experiences with music both between and within cultural contexts. Examining the self can be a step-change to advance theory and cross-cultural understanding of affective experiences within music psychology.","PeriodicalId":47977,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Music","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Singing interventions in depression: A scoping review","authors":"Yaming Wei, Wenjia Zheng, Qianqi Fan, Xiaomei Zhang","doi":"10.1177/03057356241305921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356241305921","url":null,"abstract":"The growing prevalence of depression, a major global health problem, has led to the exploration of complementary treatments such as singing, which can provide emotional healing and psychological support. Singing interventions are known for their universal appeal and potential neurobiological and psychosocial benefits. This review analyzes 11 studies from 2013 to 2023, revealing singing’s efficacy in alleviating depressive symptoms, enhancing emotional well-being, and fostering social connections across diverse populations and backgrounds. The versatility of singing interventions is emphasized, with various formats including online sessions and person-centered therapy, addressing conditions like postpartum depression, geriatric depression with dementia, and depression in Parkinson’s disease patients. The article confirms the effectiveness of these interventions in multiple settings, underlining their adaptability and wide applicability as therapeutic tools. Singing interventions are presented as promising, non-invasive, and enjoyable options for managing depression, with immediate benefits and potential for long-term impact. The review calls for further research and integration of singing into mental health care, advocating for more standardized and flexible intervention strategies and a deeper exploration of singing’s lasting effects on depression.","PeriodicalId":47977,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Music","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oliver Herdson, Matilda Minchin, Holly Parker, Selina Muller, Amir-Homayoun Javadi
{"title":"The effects of sad music: Moderating role of cognitive reappraisal","authors":"Oliver Herdson, Matilda Minchin, Holly Parker, Selina Muller, Amir-Homayoun Javadi","doi":"10.1177/03057356241297302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356241297302","url":null,"abstract":"Seemingly paradoxically, sad music has exhibited potential in improving mood in individuals, as well as being detrimental to mood and indicative of maladaptive behaviours concerning emotion regulation. Research suggests that different adaptive and maladaptive behaviours underlie sad music listening. Therefore, we explored if cognitive reappraisal (CR) was an effective tool for promoting mood enhancement. CR is a cognitive skill that focuses on the reframing and re-evaluation of negative events in a positive way. Across two studies, the combined effect of sad music and CR, in conjunction with events having a neutral or sad effect on mood, was explored. Data analyses revealed that CR significantly enhanced mood notably more than the control task. A three-way interaction effect revealed that higher levels of depression symptoms were associated with worse mood regulation across all but one condition; only happy music with the control task was associated with an increase in mood regulation for individuals with higher levels of depression. Therefore, CR was shown to be effective in improving one’s mood, though mood regulation typically decreased as depression symptoms increased. The discussion covered how these results fit into the existing literature and the relevant theoretical implications, with the most pronounced finding being that CR remained effect whether in the presence of happy or sad music.","PeriodicalId":47977,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Music","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Callula Killingly, Daniel Bielinski, Philippe Lacherez
{"title":"An investigation of earworms and obsessive–compulsive traits using experience sampling and retrospective methods","authors":"Callula Killingly, Daniel Bielinski, Philippe Lacherez","doi":"10.1177/03057356241300425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356241300425","url":null,"abstract":"Having a song ‘stuck’ in the head – an earworm – is a curious cognitive phenomenon frequently experienced among the general population. The intrusive and involuntary nature of earworms has led to recent survey studies investigating their potential link with obsessive–compulsive (OC) traits. However, those higher in OC traits may tend to self-report more earworms and evaluate their episodes less positively, simply because they are more likely to notice and be disturbed by the experience. This study employed both experience sampling methodology (ESM) and a retrospective survey to investigate earworms in relation to OC traits. Participants ( n = 131) undertook online surveys assessing past experiences of earworms, OC traits, and musical experience, followed by 3 days of experience sampling probes. Results indicated that OC traits moderated the relationship between the two measures of earworm frequency, such that consistency between the two measures became weaker at higher levels of OC traits. Ratings of earworm unpleasantness were highly correlated between retrospective and ESM measures, yet OC traits did not moderate this relationship. These findings indicate that individual differences should be considered in choosing a methodology to measure earworm experiences and that ESM may provide a more sensitive measure of earworm frequency.","PeriodicalId":47977,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Music","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrik N Juslin, Laszlo Harmat, Gonçalo Barradas, Gustaf Omstedt, Veronica Redtzer
{"title":"Rhythmic entrainment of heart rate as a mechanism for musical emotion induction: A plausible hypothesis in need of evidence?","authors":"Patrik N Juslin, Laszlo Harmat, Gonçalo Barradas, Gustaf Omstedt, Veronica Redtzer","doi":"10.1177/03057356241302809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356241302809","url":null,"abstract":"Several researchers have hypothesized that a musical rhythm can influence a listener’s heart rate through a process of entrainment and that this mechanism can influence the emotional feelings of the listener also. However, previous research has yielded mixed results, perhaps due to methodological problems. In this study, we independently manipulated the tempo of pieces of ambient instrumental music with a salient rhythm to influence the heart rate of 36 listeners with varying musical backgrounds, who also reported felt arousal and valence and subjective impressions of various induction mechanisms. Using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, we manipulated direction (up vs. down) and magnitude (±3% vs. ±30%) of tempo change and extent of listener movement (finger tapping vs. still listening). For each trial, the tempo was manipulated in reference to the present heart rate of the individual listener. The results showed little evidence of entrainment. In general, listeners’ heart rate did not align with the target tempo (i.e., entrainment proper) nor did it change in the direction of the target tempo (i.e., entrainment tendencies). Instead, regardless of direction and size of tempo change, we observed a similar small increase in heart rate and arousal. The results are consistent with a general arousal effect of musical rhythm.","PeriodicalId":47977,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Music","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Standing in the spotlight: The interplay of music performance anxiety, perfectionism, and fear of negative evaluation in conservatory musicians","authors":"B. Göktürk Gök, Özden Yalçınkaya-Alkar","doi":"10.1177/03057356241300533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356241300533","url":null,"abstract":"Music performance anxiety (MPA) is an age-old phenomenon well known to musicians. It is a feeling of unease and apprehension that can manifest itself in various forms – from mild discomfort to intense anxiety – when musicians are preparing to perform or are actively performing. MPA can arise from many different sources, including perfectionism and fear of negative evaluation (FNE). Drawing upon a sample of 144 musicians, this research explores the mediating (cross-sectional) and moderating roles of FNE in the relationship between perfectionism and MPA. We found that the indirect effect of perfectionism on MPA through FNE is significant. This result suggests that the influence of perfectionism on MPA is, at least partially, transmitted through heightened FNE. However, the moderating role of FNE in the relationship between perfectionism and MPA was not found to be significant. This implies that while FNE might not exacerbate or attenuate the effects of perfectionism on MPA, it nonetheless acts as a significant intermediary mechanism through which perfectionism exerts its influence on MPA. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed, and potential avenues for interventions aimed at alleviating MPA are suggested.","PeriodicalId":47977,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Music","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harmonic expectancy violations: Testing the effects of familiarity, lead-in time, and ecological validity","authors":"Claire Arthur","doi":"10.1177/03057356241284965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356241284965","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the impact of three experimental parameters in a harmonic expectancy study are evaluated: stimulus duration (specifically the lead-in time prior to an unexpected event), ecological validity of the stimulus (original recording vs. piano only), and familiarity. This article also presents a novel experimental paradigm for detecting expectancy violations in a real-time listening context with increased ecological validity, as well as a novel quasi-blind stimulus-selection procedure. Results suggest that the importance of the ecological validity of the stimulus may depend on the population of the study (i.e., musicians or non-musicians), and that the role of familiarity ought to be more rigorously examined. Specifically, it appears that the ability to notice a harmonic expectancy violation may be modulated by the degree of prior familiarity with the stimulus. In addition, stimuli with longer lead-in times lead to an increase in the probability of marking a harmonically surprising event. Implications for expectancy-violation theory, computational modeling, prediction error theory, and general stimulus-selection procedures in music perception and cognition research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47977,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Music","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}