Megan J. Cole , Ezgi Canpolat , Mark Roberts , Bandita Sijapati
{"title":"A coal transition vulnerability index for South Africa","authors":"Megan J. Cole , Ezgi Canpolat , Mark Roberts , Bandita Sijapati","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing concern over climate change impacts across the world has prompted significant commitments to cleaner energy systems and a ‘just transition’ framework for ensuring equitable outcomes. The transition will have significant implications for communities reliant on coal mines and plants for jobs, training, service delivery and local economic viability. South Africa is particularly affected due to its heavy reliance on coal for electricity and jobs, especially in the context of the country’s high unemployment rates. Vulnerability is multidimensional and comprises of exposure (the degree to which a region or community is susceptible to closure of mines and plants), sensitivity (the extent to which coal phase-down may cause social and economic disruption), and adaptive capacity of people and institutions. This study uses 19 indicators to quantify a Coal Transition Vulnerability Index (CTVI) for 29 coal municipalities in South Africa. Results show significant variation across components and highlight hotspots in Mpumalanga that are most vulnerable to the energy transition. The effect of adaptive capacity shows the importance of local economic development, service delivery, and governance in shaping transition outcomes. The distinct vulnerability profiles can be used to inform just transition policies and programmes in South Africa that support placed-based strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101815"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatiana Ordenes Cataldo, Sebastián A. Pérez Cortés, Juan Pablo Hurtado-Cruz
{"title":"Women enrolled in mining engineering: Evolution of female participation in mining engineering in Chile, 1994–2025","authors":"Tatiana Ordenes Cataldo, Sebastián A. Pérez Cortés, Juan Pablo Hurtado-Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chile ranks first globally in copper production. Mining in Chile is an undisputed pillar of the economy, accounting for 10 % of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 11.7 % of exports as of March 2025 (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, 2025). This industry is not exempt from major global challenges such as climate change and digital transformation. To meet these goals, the incorporation of women into this traditionally male-dominated field has become a necessity, bringing diversity, innovation, and greater productivity to the sector. This study analyzes the evolution of female participation in the Civil Mining Engineering and Mining Execution Engineering programs at the Universidad de Santiago de Chile (Usach–Ex UTE) over three decades.</div><div>The methodology involves the analysis of historical databases from the Academic Registry of the Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), the Department of Evaluation, Measurement and Educational Registration (DEMRE), and gender gap data in higher education from the Undersecretariat of Higher Education (SiES). Since 1994, a total of 1164 women have enrolled, representing 21 % of total admissions. Notably, since 2005, female enrollment at this institution has been on the rise, consistently above 20 %, reaching a record 40 % of admitted students in 2025.</div><div>Mining Engineering is among the disciplines with low female representation within the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). The trend shows that women entering the Department of Mining Engineering (DIMIN-USACH) have begun to occupy an increasingly significant role, with a remarkable rise in their participation, surpassing the national trend.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101816"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco A. Cotrina-Teatino , Jairo J. Marquina-Araujo , Johnny H. Ccatamayo-Barrios , Jose N. Mamani-Quispe , Moises B. Guia-Pianto , Solio M. Arango-Retamozo , Joe A. Gonzalez-Vasquez , Yasmin J. Franco-Lezama , Carlos G. Ortiz-Echeverria
{"title":"Multi-criteria analysis of competitiveness and attractiveness factors in leading copper mining companies in Peru","authors":"Marco A. Cotrina-Teatino , Jairo J. Marquina-Araujo , Johnny H. Ccatamayo-Barrios , Jose N. Mamani-Quispe , Moises B. Guia-Pianto , Solio M. Arango-Retamozo , Joe A. Gonzalez-Vasquez , Yasmin J. Franco-Lezama , Carlos G. Ortiz-Echeverria","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a transparent and replicable multi-criteria analysis of the attractiveness and competitiveness of Peru’s four leading copper mining companies: Cerro Verde, Antamina, Southern Peru, and Quellaveco. A total of nine factors and 32 subfactors were defined using 1–5 rubrics, converted into 0–100 indices, weighted via the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), with all matrices showing consistency ratios (CR) below 0.10, and the companies were positioned within the GE–McKinsey matrix. Results show that Southern Peru leads in competitiveness (84.8), followed by Quellaveco (79.6), Antamina (77.4), and Cerro Verde (64.6). In attractiveness, Quellaveco (76.1) and Antamina (76.0) rank highest, ahead of Cerro Verde (71.9) and Southern Peru (70.5). All companies are located within the offensive growth quadrants, albeit through different strategic pathways: operational scale leadership (Southern), digitalization and life-cycle management (Quellaveco), technological-commercial balance (Antamina), and managerial strength with socio-environmental challenges (Cerro Verde). <em>A</em> <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>20 % sensitivity analysis showed minimal variation (<span><math><mrow><mo>≤</mo><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span>2.1 points), confirming the robustness of the rankings. The positive correlation between competitiveness and attractiveness (<em>r</em> = 0.77) supports internal coherence. The study’s core contribution is a replicable evaluation model combining rubrics, AHP, and GE–McKinsey, useful for both corporate strategy and policy design in the copper mining sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101819"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From underground economy to surface tensions: Stakeholders’ perspectives on mine closures in Gümüşhane","authors":"Işıl Esra Pınarbaşı , Orkun Demirbağ , Şerife Örs","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mine closures are not merely the end of an economic cycle but complex processes that produce long-term social, environmental, and psychosocial consequences. Despite the growing recognition of the importance of Social Impact Assessment (SIA), studies often underemphasize the closure phase and its social repercussions. This study investigates those social impacts in Gümüşhane, Türkiye, a historically mining-dependent region, through the lens of stakeholder theory and a qualitative fieldwork approach. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 21 participants including mine workers, company representatives, public officials, NGOs, media, and local community members, the study identifies significant transformations in six domains: economy, employment and education, land use, demographics, environment and health, and human rights. Findings reveal that mine closures led to income loss, unemployment, migration, weakening of social cohesion, environmental degradation, and violations of labor and participation rights. The exclusion of local stakeholders from closure planning exacerbated distrust and social fragmentation. Providing a nuanced understanding of the social dynamics surrounding mine closure, study contributes to the growing literature calling for more inclusive, just, and sustainable closure processes, and emphasizes the urgency of incorporating SIA as a mandatory and comprehensive practice including not only the opening but also the closure and post-closure stages of mining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulatory gaps and ghost indicators in Australian alumina production: The case for standardized sustainability reporting and policy reform","authors":"Marcus Jerome Byrne, Michele John, Wahidul Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainability reporting in Australia’s alumina sector remains fragmented, failing to reflect the full scale of environmental and social impacts associated with production. While current frameworks emphasize carbon emissions, they systematically underreport critical issues such as biodiversity loss, land degradation, water resource depletion, and community health risks. These “ghost indicators” obscure the industry’s true footprint, delaying intervention and undermining accountability. This study employed a two-phase methodology, combining a systematic review of sustainability and governance literature with targeted analysis of regulatory and reporting frameworks. It identified major governance shortcomings, particularly the continued use of outdated State Agreements in Western Australia that allow producers to bypass key environmental regulations. In contrast, Queensland and New South Wales have implemented more robust frameworks, creating regulatory imbalance and selective compliance. To address these disparities, the study recommends a federally mandated sustainability reporting framework, requiring disclosure of material impacts, third-party verification, and structured stakeholder engagement. The Transition Broker Model is proposed as a governance mechanism to bridge institutional fragmentation, align policy with operational realities, and support consensus-driven reform. Strengthening sustainability reporting is not merely an administrative risk; it is essential to ensuring the alumina sector is accountable for its full footprint in a market demanding responsible production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101763"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development in the context of electrification and the lithium industry: The view of the citizens of San Pedro de Atacama","authors":"Eduardo Ordonez-Ponce , Mauricio Lorca","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the face of the climate emergency, lithium is seen as essential for the green transition. Yet, the voices of those living in lithium-rich regions have been excluded from discussions about the industry's role in their development. Drawing on socio-environmental justice literature, this study interviewed Indigenous and non-Indigenous citizens from San Pedro de Atacama in the \"Lithium Triangle\" region to explore their perspectives on lithium mining. While most do not oppose the industry outright, their support is conditional fundamentally on economic benefits. Despite generally negative views on mining’s impacts, many adopt a pragmatic stance, engaging with companies to secure tangible benefits amid deteriorating environmental conditions and social tensions leading to symbiotic relationships. Their responses reflect broader dynamics shaped by state neglect and corporate influence that shape the region’s path towards or away from socio-environmental justice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From socio-environmental conflict to responsible lithium mining: understanding the Governance of Dispossession from the salt flats of Chile and Argentina","authors":"Ramón Balcázar M․ , Melisa Argento","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, decarbonisation policies are driving interest and speculation around the extraction of minerals such as lithium, which is mostly found in Indigenous and rural territories in the Puna de Atacama, within the transborder Circumpuneña Region. In this deployment, capital expansion has driven public-private strategies that seek to respond to territorial tensions and expand mineral extraction. Based on militant research situated in long-term relations with territorial resistances and nature protection initiatives in the region, in this article, we analyse this set of practices in four salt flats in Chile and Argentina. We argue that lithium extractivism expands through a ‘governance of dispossession’ model that responds to an emerging global scenario marked by the emergence of new public-corporate arrangements pushed by global powers seeking to ensure their access to so-called critical minerals more responsibly. These strategies also adapt to the local contexts marked by conflicts and tensions between Indigenous communities, mining companies, and State agencies to achieve legitimation. Moreover, the dispossession dynamics linked to lithium exploitation are enabled by a social engineering developed not only by mining corporations and State institutions, but also by car makers, civil society organisations, international cooperation organisations and, eventually, both public and private research centres. We conclude that these adaptations, far from being a solution to socio-environmental conflicts and Indigenous demands for FPIC, translate into a sophistication of the impacts of green extractivism in the Puna de Atacama. As we observe lithium companies' progressive adaptation of voluntary mining standards, we suggest that understanding the social and material impacts of brine mining in the Andean salt flats through independent, transdisciplinary studies is essential for impactful research and rightful policymaking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101724"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green extractivism in Colombia: A scoping review on indigenous rights and livelihood impacts, and policy and social movement responses","authors":"Gabriela Cabaña , Katharina Richter","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the impacts arising from net-zero related extraction of metals, mineral and clean energy on indigenous rights and livelihoods in Colombia, and identify policy and social movement responses. A scoping review method combined database searches in SCOPUS, Policy Commons and Overton with a grey literature search. In total, we screened abstracts and titles of 1050 documents, assessed 95 full-text records for eligibility, and included 34 documents for final review. We identified two core themes: green dispossession and renewable energy extraction impacts in <em>La Guajira</em>, sub divided into cultural, socio-political and environmental impacts; and resistance strategies to green extractivism, sub-divided into self-provision as part of a popular energy transition and holistic critiques to transition narratives and plans. National social movement responses were directed towards the left-wing government of Gustavo Petro, elected in 2022. International responses focussed on the coloniality of critical raw material extraction. Two main policy responses by the Petro government aimed to expand community access to energy services and create a Just Energy Transition roadmap. We conclude that Global South calls for the Global North to reduce resource consumption are becoming more prominent. Furthermore, we found some conceptual inconsistencies in this literature based on a routinisation of case studies and an epistemic poverty of dualistic social science concepts which tend not to consider non human actors in extractivist dispossession/degradation, especially in indigenous territories. We recommend future research employ relational theoretical frameworks to develop cultural analyses of extractivist dispossession/degradation, and diversify the Colombian geographical focus beyond <em>La Guajira.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101808"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raphael Deberdt , Maria Sol Saavedra , Nicole M. Smith , Morgan Bazilian
{"title":"Review of sustainability challenges for lithium production: The case of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile in the Lithium Triangle","authors":"Raphael Deberdt , Maria Sol Saavedra , Nicole M. Smith , Morgan Bazilian","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review article examines the sustainability challenges facing lithium extraction and production in Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. These three countries form the “Lithium Triangle” and hold approximately 50 % of the world’s known lithium resources. As the global demand for lithium surges with the booming battery industry for electric vehicles and electronics, these countries face the challenge of managing their vast resources to maximize economic benefits while addressing sustainability concerns. We identify a total of 123 articles published between 2015 and 2025, which encompassed at least one dimension of sustainability, conceptualized in terms of environmental, social and governance categories. From these, we identified two well-known dimensions linked to environmental, social, and governance impacts in the South American lithium industry – water use and Indigenous rights. However, our study also points to a more complex set of sustainability concerns that are often sidelined. These include impacts on biodiversity, health, and the governance mechanisms through which lithium is governed in the three countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101789"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula Ferreira Ribeiro, Ana Beatriz Cabral Gomes Cardoso Lana Dias, Valderí de Castro Alcântara
{"title":"Critical minerals and their conflicts: Dynamics of warnings about lithium exploration in the vale do Jequitinhonha, Brazil","authors":"Paula Ferreira Ribeiro, Ana Beatriz Cabral Gomes Cardoso Lana Dias, Valderí de Castro Alcântara","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium has been widely promoted as a strategic mineral for enabling the energy transition. However, the process of extracting this mineral generates controversies in producing regions such as the Vale do Jequitinhonha in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Based on the notion of environmental alert proposed by Torny and Chateauraynaud (1999; 2017), this study aims to describe and understand the environmental alerts raised regarding lithium extraction in the region. Through a descriptive documentary research approach, data from YouTube videos, news articles on websites, magazine texts, and social media posts from different actors (the Minas Gerais government, activists, and local residents) were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the promise of “green mining” contrasts with the social and environmental impacts associated with the extractive process. Additionally, local communities have been denouncing rights violations and environmental degradation. The study highlights that, despite sustainability promises, lithium extraction in the Vale do Jequitinhonha perpetuates an extractivist model that prioritizes economic gains at the expense of socio-environmental impacts and the voices of local communities. As a result, this work contributes to the debate on the contradictions in the “green mining” narrative and sheds light on the need for public administration that acknowledges the complexity and conflicts inherent in the development model imposed by mining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}