Journal of Experimental Criminology最新文献

IF 3 2区社会学

Journal of Experimental Criminology Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09670-z

Richard B. Felson, Eric Silver, Jason R. Silver

{"title":"Reactions to sexual and monetary bribes","authors":"Richard B. Felson, Eric Silver, Jason R. Silver","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09670-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09670-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We examine attitudes toward punishment of authorities and subordinates who participate in sexual and monetary bribery.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A nationally representative sample of 1050 respondents were presented with vignettes in an experimental design. We manipulated the type of payoff, who requested the bribe, the gender of the participants, and how common such payoffs were in that setting.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In support of attribution theory, the results showed that respondents were more punitive toward authorities than subordinates and toward whoever proposed the bribe. The results also showed that respondents, particularly female respondents, were more punitive toward authorities when the payoff was sexual.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The findings suggest that people become more punitive when sex is treated as a commodity. A three-way interaction indicated that respondents were particularly punitive toward authorities in the MeToo scenario, i.e., when a man offered a reward to a woman for a sexual payoff.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Texas attorneys recognize problematic eyewitness procedures, but plea away anyway

IF 3 2区社会学

Journal of Experimental Criminology Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09668-7

Angela M. Jones, Elizabeth A. Quinby

{"title":"Texas attorneys recognize problematic eyewitness procedures, but plea away anyway","authors":"Angela M. Jones, Elizabeth A. Quinby","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09668-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09668-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>In a conceptual replication and extension of Pezdek and O’Brien (2014), we investigated eyewitness knowledge and plea-bargaining decisions among Texas attorneys.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Attorneys (<i>N</i> = 196) completed a knowledge survey and an experimental vignette that varied the quality of two identification procedures used to secure the sole piece of evidence in a case on plea-bargaining decisions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Attorneys were mostly knowledgeable of eyewitness recommendations but were not sensitive to the quality of identification procedures in the vignette. Overall, prosecutors were more likely to view the defendant as guilty, offer a plea, and seek harsher sentences than defense attorneys.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These results suggest attorneys are not attuned to problematic police practices or do not view biased instructions and single-blind administration as problematic enough to change plea-bargaining decisions. New avenues for increasing sensitivity are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Damocles effect: judges may inflate the duration of suspended prison terms by over 50%

IF 3 2区社会学

Journal of Experimental Criminology Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09669-6

Andrzej Uhl

{"title":"The Damocles effect: judges may inflate the duration of suspended prison terms by over 50%","authors":"Andrzej Uhl","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09669-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09669-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>Legal scholars suspect that judges choose longer prison terms when they are going to suspend the sentence. This study examines this so-called sentence inflation in a controlled condition, holding case-related confounds constant.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>I analyze the differences between suspended and unsuspended prison terms in the data from the Polish judicial exam. Each judge (<i>N</i> = 232) sentenced the same case based on a detailed court file. Judges had high stakes in the exam and spent over 6 h choosing and justifying the sentence.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Many judges sentenced the offenders to prison. The suspended prison terms were 60 to 168% longer than unsuspended prison terms meted out in the identical case.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Judges display a tendency to inflate suspended prison terms, perhaps in order to appease the punitive public and strengthen individual deterrence. With high reoffending rates, this well-intentioned practice might backfire, leading to a surge in the prison population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘I can see that it’s bad for them’: third party judgements about the effect of procedural injustice on mental health and relationships with the police

IF 3 2区社会学

Journal of Experimental Criminology Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09667-8

Arabella Kyprianides, Ben Bradford

{"title":"‘I can see that it’s bad for them’: third party judgements about the effect of procedural injustice on mental health and relationships with the police","authors":"Arabella Kyprianides, Ben Bradford","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09667-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09667-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Explore why people react so strongly to procedural <i>injustice</i> experienced by others. One possibility is that people recognise the marginalisation and psychological harm that injustice can cause.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>An online experiment tested whether exposure to procedurally unjust police behaviour directed at crime victims would influence participants’ assessments of the subject’s marginalisation, mental health outcomes, and their overall perceptions of the police (<i>N</i> = 300).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Exposure to procedurally unjust police behaviour led to more negative evaluations of its psychological impact on the victim. Procedural injustice was seen as harmful to mental health due to its link to social exclusion. Such exposure reduced trust, legitimacy, and identification with police. These negative perceptions were driven by recognition of the victim’s psychological harm.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Findings highlight the critical role of psychological harm in driving public responses to unjust policing. Addressing this harm is essential for fostering trust and repairing fractured relationships between police and the communities they serve.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dealing with guns: investigating the spatial attraction of gun dealers on localized gun violence 与枪支打交道：调查枪支经销商对局部枪支暴力的空间吸引力

IF 3 2区社会学

Journal of Experimental Criminology Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09666-9

Elizabeth Griffiths, Jie Xu, Sandy Xie, Richard Stansfield, Daniel Semenza

{"title":"Dealing with guns: investigating the spatial attraction of gun dealers on localized gun violence","authors":"Elizabeth Griffiths, Jie Xu, Sandy Xie, Richard Stansfield, Daniel Semenza","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09666-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09666-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Test the spatial relationship between the locations of federally licensed firearms dealers (FFLs) and gun violence using shuttered FFLs as a counterfactual.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Using a quasi-experimental design, we evaluate the proximity of gun violence to (a) dealers and (b) the spatial footprints of former dealers. The locations of violence incidents between 2019 and 2021 in Los Angeles, CA, Dallas, TX, and Philadelphia, PA are analyzed against dealer locations using street Network Cross K methods.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>There is a robust attractive effect of dealers on gun violence within 3000 feet in two of the three cities, largely driven by the effect of dealers on violence in disadvantaged areas. The locations of former gun dealers did not uniformly fail to attract gun violence, however, as would be expected if FFLs were causally associated with the distribution of gun violence in cities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The findings on the spatial attraction of gun violence to the locations of former gun dealers are heterogeneous across sites, leading to mixed support for a causal spatial association between gun dealers and gun violence. Limitations of using former dealers as the counterfactual include defining former dealers and the small numbers of former dealers in cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do direct and courtesy prison stigma hinder support for a startup business? A vignette experiment

IF 3 2区社会学

Journal of Experimental Criminology Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09664-x

Audrey Hickert, Luzi Shi, Olivia Shaw, Shi Yan

{"title":"Do direct and courtesy prison stigma hinder support for a startup business? A vignette experiment","authors":"Audrey Hickert, Luzi Shi, Olivia Shaw, Shi Yan","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09664-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09664-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Test whether support for a small business is lower when started by prisoners or mothers of prisoners compared to local residents or people who identify as LGBTQ.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted a vignette experiment using a hypothetical social media post for a new business followed by closed- and open-ended questions using a national YouGov sample (<i>N</i> = 1300).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Support for the business is lower when founded by mothers of prisoners than former prisoners (or “local residents”), but lowest when founded by people who identify as LGBTQ. Open-ended responses suggest a lack of awareness of collateral consequences for families of people in prison. Explanations consistent with courtesy stigma were also present.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Given the public’s growing awareness of the benefits of successful reintegration and their willingness to support second chances, more education on the collateral harms of mass incarceration on families could assist with reinvestment in these communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“You keep me hanging on”: Evidence from the Columbia door hanger experiment

IF 3 2区社会学

Journal of Experimental Criminology Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09662-z

Hunter M. Boehme, Brandon Tregle, Cory Schnell

{"title":"“You keep me hanging on”: Evidence from the Columbia door hanger experiment","authors":"Hunter M. Boehme, Brandon Tregle, Cory Schnell","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09662-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09662-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>To investigate whether police deployment of door hangers providing crime prevention tips to recently victimized households and nearby households reduces property crime in treated areas.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A randomized field experiment was implemented by randomly assigning the intervention across six neighborhoods in Columbia, SC. The test period lasted 184 days, and the intervention effect was analyzed across burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft crime types.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p><i>T</i>-tests and negative binomial regression models indicated significant decreases across all property crimes and thefts in treated areas. However, there were decreases in burglaries and motor vehicle theft which were not statistically significant.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>We provide experimental evidence on a light-footprint, super-cocooning police intervention targeting property crime. During a staffing crisis, and since Americans are more likely to experience property crime victimization compared to violent crime, police agencies should consider cost-effective and easy-to-implement strategies such as door hanger intervention to reduce property crime.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"78 5 Pt 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safe consumption sites and crime: A staggered synthetic control evaluation of Toronto’s expanding safe consumption site network

IF 3 2区社会学

Journal of Experimental Criminology Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09663-y

Ainsley Frederick, Nathan T. Connealy, Timothy Cubitt

{"title":"Safe consumption sites and crime: A staggered synthetic control evaluation of Toronto’s expanding safe consumption site network","authors":"Ainsley Frederick, Nathan T. Connealy, Timothy Cubitt","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09663-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09663-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study analyzes the potential criminogenic effect of safe consumption sites (SCSs) in one of the most longstanding and expansive operational networks across Toronto, Canada. The analyses are positioned to test for changes in crime levels and both immediate and spatial effects for total, property, and violent crime events resulting from SCS implementation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Staggered synthetic control methods were used to measure changes in crime levels pre- and post-SCS implementation. The method is flexible to variation in treatment locations and timing, allows for aggregate and phase-specific effects to be calculated, and is a robust quasi-experimental method for measuring change at microlevel units of analysis. Following the analysis measuring changes in crime levels, the spatial distribution of crime events was also assessed pre- and post-implementation to determine if the spatial patterning of crime events changed following SCS openings.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The analyses indicated that crime did not significantly change following SCS implementation in the aggregate across the entire network. However, some phase-specific effects for individual SCSs demonstrated some notable changes in crime levels and directional heterogeneity, and the spatial distributions showed some meaningful changes in the spatial patterning of violent (further) and property (closer) crime events around SCSs after implementation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The study adds important nuance to the discussion around harm reduction approaches like safe consumption sites and their relationship to crime. We found that crime levels were generally unchanged following SCS implementation, but that crime may be situationally impacted based on the crime type, location, and operational capacities of each unique SCS opened.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"33 19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of pre-release treatment with injectable naltrexone on criminal justice and substance use outcomes: Results from a randomized controlled trial

IF 3 2区社会学

Journal of Experimental Criminology Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09661-0

C. Clare Strange, Jordan M. Hyatt, Chase Montagnet, Kathleen Powell, Daniel D. Langleben

{"title":"The effect of pre-release treatment with injectable naltrexone on criminal justice and substance use outcomes: Results from a randomized controlled trial","authors":"C. Clare Strange, Jordan M. Hyatt, Chase Montagnet, Kathleen Powell, Daniel D. Langleben","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09661-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09661-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Evaluate the impact of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) on postrelease criminal justice contact and substance use among individuals with opioid use disorder in correctional settings.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A randomized waitlist-controlled trial was conducted. The treatment group (<i>n</i> = 47) received XR-NTX shortly before release, and the comparison group (<i>n</i> = 47) was put on a waitlist for treatment at six months post-release. Outcomes were measured at 3 and 6 months post-release and included new arrests, parole revocations, reincarceration, and positive drug tests. Data were analyzed using <i>t</i>-tests and Kaplan–Meier survival estimates.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>At 3 months post-release, the treatment group had marginally fewer parole revocations. At 6 months, there were no significant differences in criminal justice or substance use outcomes, though the treatment group had fewer positive drug tests and a longer time to first positive drug test.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>There is limited evidence that XR-NTX reduces poor criminal justice and substance use outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Framing the harms of wrongful convictions: how different narratives shape public opinion

IF 3 2区社会学

Journal of Experimental Criminology Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-025-09660-1

Sishi Wu, Robert J. Norris

{"title":"Framing the harms of wrongful convictions: how different narratives shape public opinion","authors":"Sishi Wu, Robert J. Norris","doi":"10.1007/s11292-025-09660-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-025-09660-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This research examines whether highlighting different harms of wrongful convictions has differential effects on public attitudes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We use an online survey-experiment with 970 respondents recruited through CloudResearch’s MTurk Toolkit. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: (1) no-information control group, (2) wrongful conviction narrative, (3) wrongful conviction narrative + exoneree harm, (4) wrongful conviction narrative + original crime victim harm, and (5) wrongful conviction narrative + actual offender harm. We then assessed respondents’ victimization concerns and policy preferences.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Highlighting different harms of wrongful convictions generally did not affect victimization concerns and had little effect on policy preferences. However, narratives about the exoneree’s suffering and public safety concerns consistently increased public support for exoneree compensation. We also found slight ideological differences in responses.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The findings support the notion that the consequences of wrongful convictions for public opinion are nuanced, dynamic, and multifaceted.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0