{"title":"Das gesellschaftliche Ansehen von Berufen – Konstruktion einer neuen beruflichen Ansehensskala und empirische Befunde für Deutschland","authors":"C. Ebner, Daniela Rohrbach-Schmidt","doi":"10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Ein hohes Ansehen verschafft Individuen Macht und Einfluss in der Gesellschaft. Da Ansehen nachweislich auch sozialen Positionen, wie etwa Berufen, zugeschrieben wird, ist es als symbolische Ressource systematisch in der Sozialstruktur von Ländern verankert. In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir eine aktuelle Erhebung des Ansehens von Berufen in Deutschland (Jahr 2017/18) und stellen der Sozialforschung eine neue berufsbasierte Ansehensskala (BAS) zur Verfügung. Auf der Grundlage von 9.011 realisierten Interviews und 45.050 Berufsprestigebewertungen werden Ansehenswerte für insgesamt 402 Berufe bestimmt. Aufbauend auf den Prestigebewertungen dieser Berufe erstellen wir auf der Ebene von Berufsgruppen und Berufshauptgruppen berufliche Ansehensskalen für die aktuelle Klassifikation der Berufe 2010. Erste Tests deuten auf eine hohe Reliabilität und Validität der Skalen hin. Der Beitrag schließt mit Überlegungen zum Einsatz und Nutzen der Skalen für die Wissenschaft.","PeriodicalId":47292,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie","volume":"50 1","pages":"349 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42962731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bildungsaufstiege in der Wissenschaft. Zur Nicht-Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit beim Übergang von der Junior- auf die Lebenszeitprofessur","authors":"L. Zimmer","doi":"10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag wendet sich einem in Bildungs- und Ungleichheitssoziologie weitgehend vernachlässigten Phänomen zu: Wie lässt sich die Nicht-Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit in einer bereits stark selektierten Population erklären? Untersucht wird, welche Faktoren dazu beitragen, dass Juniorprofessor*innen sog. bildungsferner Herkunft auf eine Lebenszeitprofessur berufen werden. Dieser Frage wird mit eigenen Befragungsdaten nachgegangen, die 2015 unter Juniorprofessor*innen erhoben wurden; die Ungleichheitssoziologie Bourdieus gibt die analytische Perspektive vor. Die Analysen zeigen, dass soziale Aufstiege durch (1) einen Mangel an bürgerlicher Gelassenheit, (2) einen ungerichteten Arbeitseifer und (3) eine asketische Lebensführung der Aufsteiger*innen erklärt werden können. Der Beitrag ergänzt eine eher defizitorientierte Ungleichheitsforschung dahingehend, dass mit einer sog. bildungsfernen Herkunft nicht nur Mängel und Benachteiligungen identifiziert werden, sondern auch Ressourcen, die den sozialen Aufstieg begünstigen.","PeriodicalId":47292,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie","volume":"50 1","pages":"415 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47436741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vertrauen in digitale Technik. Der Einfluss mobiler Apps auf die Bereitschaft zur Verhaltensänderung","authors":"J. Weyer, Kay Cepera","doi":"10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Die folgende Abhandlung geht den Fragen nach, wie mobile Apps im Alltag genutzt werden und inwiefern die Nutzer*innen bereit sind, ihr Verhalten aufgrund der Empfehlungen dieser Apps zu ändern. Ausgehend von der These, dass das Vertrauen in die Apps und deren Anbieter ein entscheidender Faktor ist, wurde ein mehrdimensionales Vertrauenskonzept entwickelt und in das Technikakzeptanzmodell TAM integriert. Eine Online-Befragung bestätigte, dass die Bereitschaft zur Verhaltensänderung groß ist und das Vertrauen in die Apps, die App-Anbieter, aber auch in Institutionen des Datenschutzes eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Zudem wirken sich insbesondere Kompetenzerwartungen sowie die Reputation der Apps positiv auf das Vertrauen aus. Weder die Nutzungshäufigkeit noch negative Erfahrungen oder die Datenschutzsensibilität haben einen vergleichbaren Effekt.","PeriodicalId":47292,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie","volume":"50 1","pages":"373 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43250307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Explaining Ethnic Differences in Access to VET in German-Speaking Switzerland: the Effects of Application Behavior and Resources","authors":"Richard Nennstiel","doi":"10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this paper is to explain ethnic differences in the transition from school to vocational education and training (VET) in German-speaking Switzerland. I examine the impact of application behavior and resource endowment on access to VET and the number of applications submitted. Even after controlling for differences in resource endowment, I find clear ethnic penalties in success rates and the number of applications submitted between natives and minority students. Once I introduce different application behavior in my models, ethnic differences in success rates either diminish sharply or even vanish. However, substantial ethnic penalties remain in the number of applications submitted. There are therefore indications of discrimination in the application process on the Swiss–German VET market.","PeriodicalId":47292,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie","volume":"50 1","pages":"396 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49186437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Educational Expansion, Social Class, and Choosing Latin as a Strategy of Distinction","authors":"J. Gerhards, U. Kohler, Tim Sawert","doi":"10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In times of educational expansion, privileged families are looking for new strategies of distinction. Referring to Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of distinction, we argue that choosing Latin at school – a language that is no longer spoken and therefore has no direct value – is one of the strategies of privileged families to set themselves apart from less privileged families. Based on two surveys we conducted at German schools, the paper analyzes the relationship between parents’ educational background and the probability that their child will learn Latin. Results indicate that historically academic families have the strongest tendency towards learning Latin, followed by new academic families, and leaving behind the non-academic families. We distinguish between four causal mechanisms that might help to explain these associations: cultural distinction, selecting a socially exclusive learning environment, beliefs in a secondary instrumental function of learning Latin, and spatial proximity between the location of humanist Gymnasiums and the residential areas of privileged families. The hypotheses are formalized by means of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG). Findings show that the decision to learn Latin is predominately an unintended consequence of the selection of a socially exclusive learning environment. In addition, there is evidence that especially children from historically academic families learn Latin as a strategy of cultural distinction.","PeriodicalId":47292,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie","volume":"50 1","pages":"306 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42719285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research note: The COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on scientific work in German sociology","authors":"Tim Sawert, Martha Keil","doi":"10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific work is highly affected by the governments’ measures taken to reduce the spread of the virus. With closing colleges, universities, and kindergartens, scientists had to adapt to new forms of working procedures. Immediately after the peak of the first COVID-19 wave in Germany, we surveyed in professors and postdoctoral researchers in the field of German sociology in May 2020 to investigate how their work is constrained by these measures. In this research note, we present the results of this survey. They show that the position in the sociological field as well as demographic factors affect the degree to which sociologists feel constrained in their work. Postdoctoral sociologists feel more restricted in their work than professors, and qualitatively working sociologists more restricted than quantitatively working sociologists. Moreover, being a woman and having children under the age of 14 years increases the probability that sociologists expect to research less. Our empirical results shed some light on the effect of COVID-19 measures on working routines and inequality in Higher Education during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":47292,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie","volume":"50 1","pages":"338 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46421108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Challenging Valuations: How Rankings Navigate Contestation","authors":"Leopold Ringel","doi":"10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Accounts of why rankings are pervasive features of the modern world focus mostly on their properties as valuation devices that, upon entering the public sphere, exert pressure on the ranked. In doing so, however, research tends to overlook the important role played by the different types of organizations that produce rankings. To remedy this, the article draws from a qualitative study consisting of semi-structured interviews with members of these organizations to show that they put a great deal of effort into addressing and responding to different kinds of criticism. Working towards building and maintaining the credibility of rankings is thus revealed to require constant attention by their producers, who devise multiple procedures and rhetorical strategies to this end.","PeriodicalId":47292,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie","volume":"50 1","pages":"289 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45570960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and Structure of Environmental Worries in Germany 1984–2019","authors":"J. Hartmann, Peter Preisendörfer","doi":"10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Referring to a survey question in the German socio-economic panel, which measures worries about protecting the environment, the article looks at the development of environmental worries in Germany for the timespan 1984–2019. The analyses mainly have descriptive character. We explore several expectations and assumptions discussed in historical accounts of the environmental movement in Germany and in empirical studies on environmental attitudes and their determinants. Results show that the overall development can be divided into a period of rising environmental worries in the 1980s, a considerable decline in the 1990s, and a relative stability since 2000. From 2018 to 2019, however, a sizable upswing can be observed. Environmental worries are associated negatively with the unemployment rate and economic worries over time. In the 1980s and early 1990s, younger people were more worried than older people, but, in the meanwhile, this no longer holds. Education and (less so) income yielded significant differences in the 1980s and 1990s, but also these differences have faded away since 2000. Data confirm that environmental worries are shared more broadly in the population and that previously important group differences are increasingly leveling out.","PeriodicalId":47292,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie","volume":"50 1","pages":"322 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44834680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Professionalisierung mittels Ambiguität. Die diskursive Konstruktion von Data Scientists in Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft","authors":"Robert Dorschel, P. Brandt","doi":"10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2021-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag fragt, welche Deutungsmuster mit der Konstruktion und Subjektivierung der aufsteigenden Berufsgruppe der ‚Data Scientists‘ einhergehen. Aus soziologischer Perspektive beruht ihre fortschreitende Institutionalisierung maßgeblich auf Objektivierungsprozessen sozialer Wissensbestände. Anhand einer diskursanalytischen Auswertung von Stellenanzeigen und Studiengangsbeschreibungen zeigen wir eine ambige Logik in der sozialen Konstruktion von Data Scientists auf. In Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft besteht einerseits Dissens über die Klassifikation und Einordnung von Data Scientists, während andererseits basale Deutungsmuster Data Scientists als GrenzgängerInnen, Anti-Nerds und WeltverbesserInnen diskursivieren. Die ambige Logik aus Dissens und Konsens interpretieren wir als einen strategischen Vorteil für die Professionalisierung: Ambiguität schafft Integrationsfähigkeit für unterschiedliche Erwartungshaltungen und Imaginationen. Der Beitrag legt die Subjektivierung ebenjener Professionals frei, die eine Schlüsselposition in der objektivierenden Digitalwirtschaft einnehmen.","PeriodicalId":47292,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie","volume":"50 1","pages":"193 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47277320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}