Journal of Individual Differences最新文献_第7页

Hostile Attribution Biases in Vulnerable Narcissists Depends on the Socio-Relational Context 脆弱自恋者的敌意归因偏见与社会关系背景有关

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000354

Marta Bodecka-Zych, P. Jonason, A. Zajenkowska

{"title":"Hostile Attribution Biases in Vulnerable Narcissists Depends on the Socio-Relational Context","authors":"Marta Bodecka-Zych, P. Jonason, A. Zajenkowska","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000354","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Narcissism, especially the vulnerable kind, is associated with anger and hostility. In a sample of outpatients, group psychotherapy ( N = 74) and community members ( N = 153), we replicated and extended previous work linking vulnerable, but not grandiose, narcissism to hostile attributions across different socio-relational contexts. We also examined if the level of ambiguity of social situations, assessed from the other-referent position, influences the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and attributing hostile intentionality, and whether narcissistic individuals distinguish hostile interpretations, depending on the level of ambiguity of the scene. In ambiguous vignettes, assessed from the self-referent position, higher levels of vulnerable narcissism were associated with a greater tendency to infer more attributions of hostile intentions with people with whom there was no close relationship (except for authority in the patient group). In the case of visual scenes, the positive relationship between vulnerable narcissism and attributed hostile intentionality appeared in accidental scenes, but not in hostile and ambiguous ones. In addition, the higher the vulnerable narcissism the lower the ability to differentiate between contextual nuances (e.g., the level of ambiguity). We replicated previous research indicating a relationship between vulnerable narcissism and hostile attribution bias, but shed new light on the phenomenon of this bias in that it appears to depend on the socio-relational context and the level of ambiguity of the situation.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44773453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Episodic Memory Reliving and Personality 情景记忆再现与人格

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000353

Liisi Ausmees, A. Realo, J. Allik

{"title":"Episodic Memory Reliving and Personality","authors":"Liisi Ausmees, A. Realo, J. Allik","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000353","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. There are considerable individual differences in remembering past episodes. The current study aimed to examine the link between episodic memory reliving and the Five-Factor Model personality traits. Altogether 422 participants (67% women) described an autobiographical episode and rated the vividness and clarity of that recollection. Next, they assessed their general tendencies of autobiographical recollections, which resulted in two autobiographical episodic memory scores (AEMS) for each participant – episodic and general. Participants also filled in the Estonian version of the International Personality Item Pool NEO questionnaire. Findings from partial correlation analysis (controlling for age and gender) revealed distinguishable patterns of associations for the episodic and general-level reports of memory reliving: the episodic AEMS was positively associated with E4: Activity Level and E1: Friendliness, whereas the general AEMS was negatively correlated with N4: Self-Consciousness, and positively with E1: Friendliness, E6: Cheerfulness, O1: Imagination, O5: Intellect, C2: Orderliness, and C3: Dutifulness (all significant at p < .005). The associations between the general (but not the episodic) AEMS and personality facets were significantly correlated with the average social desirability ratings of the respective facets. We conclude that greater social adaptation together with the motivation of positive self-perception are plausible explanations of the links between personality traits and reporting the quality of reliving personal memories.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44803778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are There Gender Differences in Executive Functions in Musicians and Non-Musicians? 音乐家和非音乐家的执行功能是否存在性别差异?

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000350

P. Jansen, Sabine Hoja, Leonardo Jost

引用次数: 2

General Intelligence and the Dark Triad 普通情报与黑社会

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000352

M. Michels

{"title":"General Intelligence and the Dark Triad","authors":"M. Michels","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000352","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The dark triad of personality (D3) – consisting of psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism – is a set of socially aversive personality traits. All three traits encompass disagreeable behavior and a particular disregard for the well-being of others, but also a tendency to strategic and deceptive manipulation of social environments in order to attain one′s goals. To exercise these complex manipulations effectively it seems beneficial to have high cognitive abilities. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to examine possible relationships between intelligence and the dark triad. A total of 143 studies were identified to estimate the strength of relationships between the D3 and general, verbal, and nonverbal intelligence. The results indicate that none of the constructs of the dark triad are meaningfully related to intelligence. However, there was a small negative correlation between intelligence and Factor 2 psychopathy. The substantial heterogeneity regarding the observed effect sizes could not be explained with meta-regression for the most part. There was no evidence for a publication bias. In total, the results challenge the notion that the dark triad is an adaptive set of personality traits that enables individuals to effectively manipulate their social surroundings.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44732598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring Individual Differences in Measures of Autism Spectrum Disorders 自闭症谱系障碍测量的个体差异

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000351

K. Elpers, T. Coyle

引用次数: 0

Associations of Multiple Measures of Openness to Experience with a Brief Questionnaire of Positive, Negative, and Disorganized Schizotypy 积极、消极和无序分裂型简短问卷对经验开放性多重测量的关联

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/A000348

Kathryn C. Kemp, M. Raulin, C. Burgin, N. Barrantes-Vidal, T. Kwapil

{"title":"Associations of Multiple Measures of Openness to Experience with a Brief Questionnaire of Positive, Negative, and Disorganized Schizotypy","authors":"Kathryn C. Kemp, M. Raulin, C. Burgin, N. Barrantes-Vidal, T. Kwapil","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/A000348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/A000348","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is expressed across a continuum of clinical and subclinical symptoms and impairment known as schizotypy. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct with positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. Openness to experience offers a useful personality domain for exploring multidimensional schizotypy. This study examined the factor structure of openness and its relation to schizotypy using the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale-Brief (MSS-B) in a sample of 2,236 adults. Positive schizotypy was broadly associated with elevated openness and negative schizotypy was generally associated with diminished openness. Principal components analysis of 15 openness facets replicated the four-factor structure of openness including Fantasy/Feelings, Eccentricity, Nontraditionalism, and Ideas factors. All three schizotypy dimensions were associated with Eccentricity. Positive schizotypy was associated with Fantasy/Feelings, whereas negative schizotypy was inversely associated with Fantasy/Feelings. Results support the construct validity of the MSS-B, use of alternative openness measures in examining schizotypy, and the multidimensional structures of schizotypy and openness.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42193393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Psychopathic Traits, Academic Fraud, and the Mediating Role of Motivation, Opportunity, Rationalization and Perceived Capability 心理变态特质、学术造假与动机、机会、合理化与知觉能力的中介作用

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/A000349

Eva Dias-Oliveira, Catarina Morais, R. Pasion

引用次数: 2

Individual Differences in Romantic Attachment 浪漫依恋的个体差异

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/A000347

A. Bleske-Rechek, Grace E. Nuck, Michaela M. Gunseor

{"title":"Individual Differences in Romantic Attachment","authors":"A. Bleske-Rechek, Grace E. Nuck, Michaela M. Gunseor","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/A000347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/A000347","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In the 1980s, psychologists extended attachment theory into the domain of adult romantic bonds by proposing that romantic love can be conceptualized as a process of becoming attached ( Hazan & Shaver, 1987 ). From this perspective, individuals differ in two primary attachment dimensions: anxiety, the extent to which they worry about abandonment in their romantic relationships, and avoidance, the extent to which they are uncomfortable with interdependence and closeness. Research suggests that people perceive the rearing environment as a primary cause of people’s romantic attachment styles ( Tillman et al., 2008 ). If it is, family members should be similar in attachment-related anxiety and avoidance. To test this idea, we collected romantic attachment data on 965 US college students and the family members they nominated (205 siblings, 245 mothers, and 182 fathers). The students and family members in our sample showed negligible-to-weak resemblance in attachment-related anxiety and avoidance. Because previous studies have shown substantial similarity between identical twins and weak similarity between fraternal twins in romantic attachment styles, our data reinforce the possibility that nonshared environmental influences (such as individuals’ specific relationship histories) and genetic influences are the primary sources of individual differences in attachment-related anxiety and avoidance.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41613902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Personality Profile of Risk-Takers 风险承担者的个性特征

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/A000346

E. Joseph, Don C. Zhang

引用次数: 11

Fixed Intelligence Mindset Prospectively Predicts Students’ Self-Esteem 固定智力心态对学生自尊的预测

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/A000344

Éva Gál, István Szamosközi

引用次数: 0