Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM最新文献

{"title":"Expression of concern: Effects of platelet-rich plasma as a new additive on human embryo development and clinical outcomes.","authors":"Chang-Seop Hyun, Mi-Ji Park, Eun-Jeong Jang, An-Na Kim, Seong-Ho Yang, Yong-Soo Hur, Yeong-Je Gang, Jin-Ho Lim","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08228.e1","DOIUrl":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08228.e1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":"53 3","pages":"302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13552693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in CXCR4 expression between day 5 and day 6 euploid blastocysts: A predictor of implantation potential in single embryo transfer.","authors":"Chularat Suwandee, Paweena Thuwanut, Chanakarn Suebthawinkul, Punkavee Tuntiviriyapun","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08207","DOIUrl":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare the expression of implantation-related genes in trophectoderm cells between normally developing (day 5) and delayed (day 6) euploid blastocysts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Trophectoderm biopsies were performed on blastocysts at either day 5 or day 6 of development. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy was conducted using next-generation sequencing. The expression levels of GAPDH, CXCR4, CXCL12, HSD3B1, HSD17B1, ITGAV, LAMA1, and MUC15 were measured from the remaining trophectoderm samples of euploid blastocysts using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Differences in gene expression levels between day 5 and day 6 euploid blastocysts were analyzed with the 2-ΔΔCt method. Pregnancy outcomes were assessed following single embryo transfer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Euploid blastocysts from day 5 (n=10) and day 6 (n=10) were included in the analysis. The expression level of CXCR4 was significantly lower in day 5 blastocysts compared to day 6 blastocysts (p=0.031). CXCL12, HSD17B1, ITGAV, and LAMA1 exhibited upregulated expression, while HSD3B1 and MUC15 showed downregulation in both day 5 and day 6 blastocysts, without significant differences between groups. Although gene expression did not differ significantly between pregnant and non-pregnant groups, early upregulation of CXCR4 was observed in the non-pregnant group following day 5 embryo transfer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As the only gene associated with implantation, CXCR4 displayed a distinctive expression profile that increased during blastocyst development. Aberrant CXCR4 expression at specific stages of blastocyst development may influence pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":"226-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145821532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) aqueous extract on sperm quality: Mitigating oxidative stress and sperm DNA fragmentation in freeze-dried human spermatozoa.","authors":"Narges Joulaeerad, Homa Hajimehdipoor, Mohammad Hossein Heidari, Mahsa Kazemi, Hamid Nazarian, Zahra Shams Mofarahe, Latif Gachkar, Marefat Ghaffari Novin","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08018","DOIUrl":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Freeze-drying is a promising method for the long-term preservation of sperm; however, it often leads to increased oxidative stress. Green tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] Kuntze) contains polyphenols known for their antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of green tea aqueous extract (GTE) on oxidative stress markers and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in freeze-dried human sperm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten normal semen samples were collected from men aged 20 to 45 years and divided into three groups: conventionally cryopreserved (A), freeze-dried (B), and freeze-dried with pre-incubation in GTE (C). In group C, samples were incubated with 1 mL of GTE at a concentration of 40 μg/mL for 30 minutes prior to freeze-drying. Oxidative stress markers and SDF were assessed 1 month post-preservation, following thawing in group A and rehydration in groups B and C.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Freeze-drying resulted in less DNA damage to sperm compared to cryopreservation (p=0.005). Relative to cryopreservation, incubation with GTE significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels (p<0.0001), DNA fragmentation index (p=0.005), and malondialdehyde concentration (p<0.0001) while increasing the percentage of sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential (p<0.0001) and glutathione concentration (p<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treating normal human sperm with GTE before freeze-drying significantly reduces markers of oxidative stress and promotes indicators of sperm health compared to conventional cryopreservation. These findings suggest that natural antioxidants like GTE may offer a promising therapeutic approach to preserving male fertility with regard to oxidative stress and improving the effectiveness of freeze-drying as an alternative to cryopreservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":"270-279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146221656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current state of artificial intelligence applications in assisted reproductive technology: A narrative review.","authors":"Ju Hee Kim","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2024.07710","DOIUrl":"10.5653/cerm.2024.07710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly advanced in healthcare, demonstrating significant potential in analyzing large, heterogeneous datasets using optimized algorithms for disease prediction and personalized treatment. Assisted reproductive technology (ART), particularly in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer, generates extensive data, making it especially suitable for AI-driven analysis. AI-based applications aim to improve clinical outcomes through personalized ART strategies and predictive algorithms, with potential applications categorized into various procedural stages. Despite its promising nature, most AI-related ART studies appear in general scientific journals rather than core obstetrics and gynecology publications. Moreover, limited clinician understanding of AI methodologies, strengths, and limitations represents a barrier to clinical implementation. This review summarizes recent advancements in AI applications within ART, covering areas such as clinical counseling, outcome prediction, IVF workflow management, controlled ovarian stimulation and follicular monitoring, oocyte and semen analysis, and embryo assessment. It also addresses future considerations for the responsible integration of AI technologies in ART, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration. Integrating AI into ART holds substantial promise and, with targeted research and development, is expected to meaningfully advance the achievement of successful pregnancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":"199-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dibutyl phthalate on early implantation events with human endometrial cells and trophoblast spheroid model.","authors":"Wonmo Lee, Inyoung Kang, Jin Hyun Jun, Jaewang Lee","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.07843","DOIUrl":"10.5653/cerm.2025.07843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the estrogenic activity of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and its potential effects on endometrial receptivity and early embryo implantation. Given its widespread exposure and structural similarities to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, the potential for DBP to interfere with implantation-a key factor in fertility-is explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The optimal concentration of DBP was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Gene and protein expression related to attachment, estrogen receptor signaling, and inflammation were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Immunocytochemistry was used to assess the nuclear translocation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), while attachment and outgrowth assays evaluated the effects of DBP on trophoblast behavior. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 5.01 (GraphPad Software) and SPSS ver. 18.0 (SPSS Inc.).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DBP did not show cytotoxicity in Ishikawa cells at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 μM. DBP treatment upregulated the expression of genes related to attachment, estrogen receptor signaling, and inflammation. Protein analysis showed an increase in inflammation-related proteins, and DBP enhanced ERα nuclear translocation. In trophoblast experiments, DBP-treated cells exhibited slightly lower attachment rates at early time points, but no significant differences were observed after 1 hour. DBP also reduced the outgrowth area of JEG-3 cells, with a significant decrease observed at 100 μM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DBP exhibits estrogenic activity, disrupting implantation and invasion, and may pose risks to female reproductive health. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into the long-term effects of DBP exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":"237-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145821634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umbelliferone protects testes and spermatogenesis against lead acetate by effectively mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.","authors":"Maryam Hejazi, Roghaye Farajpoor Javazmi, Seyyed Majid Bagheri","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08256","DOIUrl":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Lead acetate exposure induces male reproductive toxicity through oxidative stress and inflammation, impairing spermatogenesis and testosterone production. Umbelliferone (UMB), a coumarin derivative with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may counteract these adverse effects. This study evaluated the protective effects of UMB on lead acetate-induced testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats, with a focus on sperm parameters, antioxidant status, inflammatory markers, and testicular histology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (n=8 each): control (saline), lead (50 mg/kg lead acetate [intraperitonea]), lead+UMB (25 mg/kg), and lead+UMB (50 mg/kg). Treatments were administered daily for 21 days. Sperm parameters (count, motility, viability, morphology) were assessed, alongside measurements of antioxidant enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum testosterone, and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β, IL-10, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). Testicular histology was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lead exposure significantly reduced sperm quality, antioxidant enzyme levels, testosterone, and Bcl-2 expression, while increasing MDA, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and Bax expression (p<0.05). UMB (25 and 50 mg/kg) markedly improved sperm parameters, restored antioxidant levels, reduced MDA and inflammatory markers, increased testosterone and Bcl-2, and decreased Bax expression (p<0.01). Histological analysis demonstrated that UMB preserved testicular architecture. No significant differences were observed between the two UMB doses (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UMB effectively mitigates lead-induced testicular toxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, while improving sperm quality and testosterone levels. These findings suggest its potential as a therapeutic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":"280-287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145821625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy in a woman with Kallmann-De Morsier syndrome: A case report.","authors":"Ibtissam Bellajdel, Fatima-Zahra Mounassib, Hafsa Taheri, Chaymae Rochdi, Hanane Saadi, Mohammed Choukri, Ahmed Mimouni","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2024.07528","DOIUrl":"10.5653/cerm.2024.07528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kallmann syndrome is characterized by the combination of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. It is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. We report the case of ovarian stimulation in a woman with Kallmann-De Morsier syndrome, resulting in a pregnancy achieved through insemination, which progressed to term. The patient underwent cesarean section for a contracted pelvis and delivered a live female infant. Drawing upon a review of the literature on Kallmann-De Morsier syndrome, we discuss the role of follicle-stimulating hormone during the follicular phase, as well as criteria for monitoring ovarian stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":"307-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of ovarian reserve markers on oocyte maturity and embryological outcomes in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Soudabeh Sabetian, Fatemeh Dadgar, Zahra Esfandiari, Bahia Namavar Jahromi, Sareh Ashourzadeh, Somayyeh Safari, Sanaz Alaee","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08242","DOIUrl":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite advances in assisted reproductive technologies, predicting outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) remains difficult. Hormonal status, oocyte maturity, and ovarian reserve contribute to treatment variability. This study examined correlations among demographic, endocrine, and embryological parameters in women undergoing IVF and ICSI whose partners had normal semen profiles, and evaluated the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels on outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed on 488 women aged 18 to 45 years who underwent IVF and ICSI between 2022 and 2024. Data included age, body mass index (BMI), infertility duration, and levels of FSH, luteinizing hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), thyroid-stimulating hormone, and fasting blood sugar. Embryological variables were oocyte yield, maturity stages (germinal vesicle, metaphase I, and metaphase II [MII]), and embryo count. Pearson correlations and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare groups stratified by FSH (<10, 10-20, >20 mIU/mL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BMI and infertility duration showed weak correlations with embryological outcomes. AMH correlated positively with embryo count (r=0.29, p<0.01). MII oocytes correlated strongly with oocyte yield (r=0.90, p<0.01) and moderately with embryo count (r=0.46, p<0.01). Women with FSH <10 mIU/mL had significantly higher oocyte yield, MII oocyte numbers, and embryo counts than those with FSH ≥10 mIU/mL (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower FSH and higher AMH are associated with better oocyte maturity and embryo yield. These markers may support individualized stimulation strategies to improve IVF and ICSI outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":"211-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145821659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of probiotics on testosterone synthesis in the TM3 cell line.","authors":"Yu Ha Shim, JuYi Jang, Ilseon Jung, Yu Jin Kim, Yun Dong Koo, Tae Ho Lee, Jae Ho Lee, Dae Keun Kim","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08095","DOIUrl":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of specific probiotic strains on the endocrine activity of Leydig cells, which are essential for testosterone production. We focused on the potential influence of probiotics on testosterone synthesis and mitochondrial functionality within these cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The TM3 Leydig cell line was utilized to assess the effects of three probiotic strains: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum. The analyses evaluated key aspects of Leydig cell function, including endocrine signaling pathways, cellular proliferation, gene and protein expression related to testosterone biosynthesis, and mitochondrial function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The probiotic strains significantly enhanced the expression of key proteins involved in testosterone synthesis and upregulated mitochondrial activity compared to control cells. Notably, these effects were observed across all three probiotic strains, suggesting a positive impact on both testosterone production and mitochondrial function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that probiotic supplementation can modulate testosterone synthesis and improve mitochondrial functionality in Leydig cells. These results underscore the potential of probiotics as modulators of male reproductive health, with possible therapeutic applications in conditions such as male hypogonadism.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":"288-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145597482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapamycin preserves primordial follicles during closed‑system vitrification of mouse ovarian tissue.","authors":"Yuji Tanaka, Akie Takebayashi, Mari Deguchi, Tsukuru Amano, Akiko Nakamura, Ayako Inatomi, Shunichiro Tsuji, Takashi Murakami","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08165","DOIUrl":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is an essential fertility preservation technique. Two primary methods are used for ovarian tissue cryopreservation: slow freezing and vitrification. Recently, vitrification has been favored over slow freezing, and a closed system is recommended to prevent cross-contamination in liquid nitrogen. Follicular loss during freezing and thawing remains a major challenge. We investigated whether rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, could mitigate primordial follicle loss during closed-system vitrification and thawing of mouse ovarian tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mouse ovaries were vitrified and thawed with or without 750 nanomolar rapamycin, then immediately analyzed or cultured for 5 days. Activation of the mTOR pathway was assessed using phosphorylated S6 kinase immunostaining, and follicle survival and development were evaluated by histological analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Closed-system vitrification did not induce apoptosis in primordial follicles. The median phosphorylated S6K-positive rate in primordial follicles was 7.1% in fresh controls, 87.9% in the rapamycin-free group, and 19.0% in the rapamycin-treated group (fresh-control vs. rapamycin-free and rapamycin-free vs. rapamycin-treated, both p<0.001). Rapamycin treatment suppressed this activation, resulting in significantly higher primordial follicle counts after culture (605 vs. 289 follicles per ovary, p<0.05) and a lower ratio of primary to primordial follicles, indicating reduced follicle activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that rapamycin preserves the primordial follicle pool by preventing follicle activation during cryopreservation and thawing. Incorporating rapamycin into closed-system vitrification protocols may improve ovarian tissue cryopreservation outcomes and enhance fertility preservation for patients with cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":"248-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145821602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}