Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM最新文献

{"title":"Average oocyte quality index as a method for scoring dysmorphic oocytes in women with ovarian endometrioma undergoing in vitro fertilization and its correlation with ovarian reserve.","authors":"Ju Hee Park, Seul Ki Kim, Byung Chul Jee","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08438","DOIUrl":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated whether the average oocyte quality index (AOQI), used as a dysmorphic oocyte scoring system, is higher in women with ovarian endometrioma than in those with unexplained infertility or diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 92 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles in which one to five metaphase II oocytes were obtained, and the AOQI was calculated in each cycle. Cycles were grouped according to the indication for in vitro fertilization: current or recurrent endometrioma (34 cycles), unexplained infertility (26 cycles), and DOR (32 cycles). DOR was defined by a serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level <1.0 ng/mL. The AOQI was compared among the three groups, and the relationship between serum AMH levels and AOQI was also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median AOQI value was significantly higher in the endometrioma group (1.50) compared to the unexplained infertility group (1.00) (p=0.037), but not compared to the DOR group (1.42). Overall, serum AMH level showed an inverse correlation with the AOQI (r=-0.242, p=0.02). Serum AMH level was also inversely correlated with the AOQI in the endometrioma group (r=-0.429, p=0.011), but not in the unexplained infertility and DOR groups. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that serum AMH levels remained inversely correlated with the AOQI (B=-0.176; 95% confidence interval, -0.327 to -0.024; p=0.024), whereas the presence of endometrioma was not a significant factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The AOQI in the ovarian endometrioma group was higher compared to the unexplained infertility group, and this difference appeared to arise primarily from reduced ovarian reserve rather than the direct impact of endometrioma itself. Serum AMH levels showed an inverse correlation with AOQI, emphasizing the central role of ovarian reserve in determining oocyte quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":"219-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long non-coding RNAs in female infertility: Advancing from molecular insights to clinical relevance.","authors":"Tayyebeh Zamani-Badi, Azadeh Sadat Azadbakhsh, Saeedeh Ghazaey Zidanloo, Elaheh Seyed Hosseini, Mohammad Karimian, Hossein Nikzad","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2025.08536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A broad range of genetic and epigenetic factors contributes to female infertility, a substantial proportion of which is related to ovulatory disorders. Any factor that disrupts the normal function of key ovarian components, including the follicle, the enclosed oocyte, and surrounding somatic cells, may contribute to female infertility. Investigating the molecular factors involved in folliculogenesis and reproductive pathways may substantially improve the treatment of diseases affecting the female reproductive system. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as key regulators of molecular and biological processes, play important roles in ovarian function and female fertility. These effects are mediated through interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins, and lncRNAs are involved in processes such as granulosa cell differentiation, follicular growth, and ovarian hormonal regulation. Altered lncRNA expression may contribute to reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and primary ovarian insufficiency. In addition, several lncRNAs have been proposed as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of female reproductive disorders and as novel therapeutic targets. However, many functional mechanisms of these molecules remain unclear. This review summarizes recent scientific findings on the role of lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of female infertility and evaluates their potential for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. A better understanding of these molecular pathways may support more effective strategies for managing and treating female infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naproxen at environmentally relevant doses modulates ovarian folliculogenesis: Morphometric analysis and Bcl-2 immunohistochemical expression in Wistar rats after chronic exposure.","authors":"Angham Ouadah, Souheyla Benbia, Yamina Belkhiri, Safa Mouaki Bennani, Kahina Yahia, Karim Benhenia, Aya Chafai","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2026.09215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2026.09215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Naproxen has received considerable attention due to its environmental persistence and incomplete removal during wastewater treatment. This study evaluated the ovarian toxicity of naproxen at an environmentally relevant dose to assess its potential reproductive risks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female Wistar albino rats were exposed for 100 days to naproxen alone (98.39 μg/L) or to a mixture containing naproxen (98.39 μg/L), ibuprofen (117.14 μg/L), diclofenac (609.12 μg/L), and trifloxystrobin (0.04 mg/kg/day) at a 4:1:3:2 ratio. Ovarian tissues were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, and follicle counts. Serum was analyzed for interleukin 6 (IL-6) and progesterone concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with controls, both treated groups had a significantly higher ovary index, lower catalase activity, and lower progesterone levels, whereas body weight, malondialdehyde levels, and serum IL-6 levels did not differ significantly. Morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated reduced preantral follicle counts and Bcl-2 expression in the treated groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chronic exposure to naproxen, alone or in combination, at an environmentally relevant dose was associated with ovarian dysfunction, impaired progesterone production and antioxidant status, and disrupted ovarian follicle dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactoferrin treatment ameliorates endometriosis-associated subfertility in a rat model.","authors":"Mona M Abdel Baky, Maggie E Amer, Marwa Abass, Mohammed A Elmetwally, Heba A El-Ghaweet","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2026.09166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2026.09166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects approximately 10% of reproductive-age women and is frequently associated with subfertility. This study evaluated the potential ameliorative effect of lactoferrin on endometriosis-associated subfertility in a rat model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were allocated into four groups: Sham, Sham+Lacto, Endo, and Endo+Lacto. In these group labels, \"Endo\" denotes endometriosis and \"Lacto\" denotes lactoferrin. Endometriosis was surgically induced in the Endo and Endo+Lacto groups, whereas rats in the Sham and Sham+Lacto groups underwent abdominal incision without uterine manipulation. Lactoferrin (300 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days to the Sham+Lacto and Endo+Lacto groups. After treatment, five females from each group were mated with mature males to assess fertility index parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Endo rats exhibited a significant increase in serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and a significant decrease in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) compared with Sham controls. In addition, marked histopathological alterations were observed in ovarian and eutopic uterine tissues. Maternal uterine and ovarian weights were significantly reduced in the Endo group, whereas fertility index parameters showed no significant differences among the experimental groups. Neonatal outcomes did not differ significantly between the Endo and Sham groups. In contrast, lactoferrin treatment significantly ameliorated gonadotropin imbalance, alleviated ovarian and eutopic endometrial histopathological alterations, and significantly increased neonatal weight and size in endometriotic rats, whereas neonatal length and pup number were not significantly changed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lactoferrin treatment ameliorated gonadotropin imbalance by improving serum FSH and LH levels, restoring ovarian and uterine tissue architecture, and enhancing fertility index parameters and neonatal outcomes. These findings suggest that lactoferrin may represent a promising non-hormonal approach for mitigating endometriosis-associated subfertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effects of Nigella sativa (black seed) via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in the testes of adult male mice subjected to transient scrotal hyperthermia.","authors":"Ermia Tavakoli, Zahra Arazm, Azar Afshar, Fakhroddin Aghajanpour, Arefeh Fasih, Mohsen Norouzian, Reza Mastery Farahani, Pooya Poormehr, Seyed Mohammad Miri, Morteza Abdoljabari, Reza Soltani","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2026.09334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2026.09334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In mammals, a lower testicular temperature is required for normal spermatogenesis. Testicular temperature can increase due to multiple factors, including lifestyle-related exposures, ultimately leading to damage to germ cells and impaired sperm parameters. Nigella sativa (black seed) has been reported to improve sperm parameters and exhibits a wide range of therapeutic properties. This study investigated the effects of black seed on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in testicular tissue of adult male mice following scrotal hyperthermia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four male mice were randomly assigned to control, hyperthermia, and hyperthermia+black seed (Hyper+BS) groups. In the hyperthermia group, the animals' testes were exposed to water at 43 °C for 20 minutes, five times on alternate days. In the treatment group, following induction of hyperthermia, animals received black seed (300 mg/kg/day) orally for 35 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized for histological and molecular analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Black seed treatment conferred significant protective effects. Total sperm count and motility were significantly improved in the Hyper+BS group compared with the hyperthermia group (p≤0.0001 and p=0.0266, respectively). Black seed administration also significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels (p=0.0012 and p=0.0003, respectively). In addition, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) gene expression and glutathione levels were significantly increased in the Hyper+BS group (p=0.0038 and p≤0.0001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that black seed may serve as a low-risk supportive natural supplement for preserving male fertility under conditions of scrotal hyperthermia. However, its routine clinical application requires validation through well-designed human studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of smoking and antioxidant use on in vitro fertilization success rates: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Pinar Koc Tiske, A Seval Özgü-Erdinç","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2025.08781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the impact of smoking and antioxidant supplementation on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes among couples undergoing IVF treatment at a tertiary infertility center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 327 couples who underwent IVF between January 2018 and January 2019. Participants were categorized according to smoking status and antioxidant use before and during treatment. The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy, and secondary outcomes included embryo-related parameters and live birth. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the study population, smoking was reported by the male partner only in 38.5% of couples, by the female partner only in 8.0%, and by both partners in 21.4% of couples. Pre-treatment antioxidant use was reported by the male partner only in 23.5% of couples, by the female partner only in 6.1%, and by both partners in 6.7% of couples. Smoking status was not significantly associated with clinical pregnancy or live birth in univariate analyses. Male pre-treatment antioxidant use was associated with higher clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in unadjusted analyses; however, this association did not persist after multivariable adjustment. Increasing female age and smoking by both partners were independently associated with reduced odds of live birth, whereas embryological parameters-particularly the total number of embryos formed-were the strongest predictors of treatment success.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Smoking by both partners was independently associated with reduced live birth rates, whereas the apparent benefit of male antioxidant supplementation may be influenced by confounding factors. Embryological characteristics remain the primary determinants of IVF success.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of nicotinamide mononucleotide on ovarian health: A comprehensive literature review of preclinical evidence and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Inyoung Kang, Jaewang Lee","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2026.09488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2026.09488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic candidate for age-related diseases. This review critically evaluates preclinical evidence regarding the effects of NMN on ovarian health, with particular emphasis on its potential to attenuate ovarian aging, improve follicular reserve, and restore endocrine function. Animal studies have demonstrated that NMN supplementation enhances mitochondrial function, reduces oxidative stress, and modulates sirtuin activity in ovarian tissue. These effects contributed to improved oocyte quality, delayed ovarian senescence, and prolonged reproductive lifespan. In models of chemotherapy-induced ovarian insufficiency and age-related ovarian decline, NMN administration was associated with increased folliculogenesis and normalization of hormonal profiles. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties of NMN suggest potential therapeutic applications in conditions such as premature ovarian insufficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome. Despite encouraging findings in rodent models, clinical translation remains limited. This review summarizes the key molecular pathways influenced by NMN, including the NAD+/sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) axis, and highlights important gaps in current knowledge. Collectively, the available evidence underscores the therapeutic potential of NMN while emphasizing the need for well-designed human studies to establish its efficacy and safety in reproductive medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative effects of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit extract on sperm quality, DNA integrity, and oxidative stress in a busulfan-induced model in rats.","authors":"Hakimeh Akbari","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2025.08732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the potential protective role of date palm fruit extract (DPFE) and its underlying mechanisms against busulfan-induced sperm damage and infertility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty male Wistar rats were allocated to control, busulfan alone (10 mg/kg), DPFE alone (4 mg/kg), and busulfan+DPFE co-treatment groups for a period of 56 days. Semen parameters were evaluated along with DNA fragmentation, assessed using the sperm chromatin dispersion test, and protamine deficiency, detected by chromomycin A3 staining. Testicular oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phytochemical analysis confirmed the high polyphenolic and flavonoid content of DPFE. Busulfan significantly induced testicular oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased MDA levels and reduced SOD and CAT activities. These alterations were accompanied by significant declines in sperm motility and viability, deterioration of sperm morphology, and marked increases in protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation. Co-administration of DPFE significantly counteracted these adverse effects by normalizing testicular oxidative status, reflected by decreased MDA levels and restoration of SOD and CAT activities. Consequently, DPFE improved sperm motility and morphology and, importantly, reduced the proportion of sperm exhibiting high DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Antioxidant-rich DPFE exerts a significant protective effect against busulfan-induced testicular toxicity, with its mechanism strongly linked to attenuation of testicular oxidative injury, thereby improving conventional sperm quality and, critically, preserving sperm chromatin structure and DNA integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardized method to develop an endometriosis model in Sprague-Dawley rats: A step-by-step description.","authors":"Herbert Situmorang","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.08690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2025.08690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish a standardized and reproducible rat model of endometriosis by refining the classic Vivian technique, with the aim of minimizing methodological variability and replicating key features of human disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were evaluated for estrous-cycle phase using vaginal cytology, and only animals in proestrus or estrus were selected. Under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, a 1-cm segment of the uterine horn was excised, opened longitudinally, and sutured to the peritoneal wall with the endometrial surface facing the peritoneum. Protocol refinements included strict graft orientation, fixation with four interrupted sutures, and perioperative ceftriaxone prophylaxis. A second laparotomy was performed one month later to assess lesion development, followed by histological confirmation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All animals (100%) developed macroscopically visible lesions. These lesions presented as cystic, fluid-filled masses with hyperemic surfaces and neovascularization; adhesions to the bowel or omentum were also observed. Lesion size was quantified using digital imaging software. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of endometrial-like tissue composed of cuboidal epithelium, glandular structures, and stromal elements. No perioperative mortality occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This standardized rat model reliably reproduces hallmark features of human endometriosis, including angiogenesis and adhesion formation. The protocol refinements address common sources of variability in rodent models and provide a stepwise, reproducible framework for mechanistic investigation and preclinical evaluation of novel therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the effect of human amniotic membrane gel to minimize adhesions in endometriosis: findings from an experimental study using a rat model.","authors":"Roya Derakhshan, Abolfazl Mehdizadehkashi, Babak Sabet, Shahla Chaichian, Arash Mohazzab, Behrang Kazeminezhad, Tayyebeh Nazeran, Mohammad Abbas Sheikholeslami, Seyed Ali Ziai, Samaneh Rokhgireh, Banafsheh Nikfar, Marefat Ghaffari Novin","doi":"10.5653/cerm.2025.09110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2025.09110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Postoperative adhesions and inflammation remain major challenges following endometriosis surgery. Human amniotic membrane gel (HAG) has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy with both anti-adhesive and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intraperitoneal HAG in reducing adhesion severity, lesion persistence, and inflammatory cytokine levels in an experimental rat model of endometriosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-four adult female Wistar rats underwent surgical induction of endometriosis through autotransplantation of uterine horn tissue. After 3 weeks, the animals were randomized into two groups (n=22 each): one receiving intraperitoneal HAG and the other receiving normal saline during a second laparotomy. Adhesion severity was evaluated using the Hoffmann and Lauder scoring systems. Two weeks after the intervention, endometriotic lesion size was measured. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were assessed at three time points. Histopathological examination was conducted to evaluate the presence of endometriotic tissue, fibrosis, abscess formation, and adipose tissue remodeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rats treated with HAG showed a significant reduction in lesion size (6.8 mm² vs. 81 mm², p<0.001) and significantly lower adhesion scores (p<0.001). Persistent endometriosis was observed in only 36% of animals in the HAG group compared with 95.5% in the control group (p<0.001). Histological analysis demonstrated fewer fibrotic and purulent reactions and a shift toward adipose tissue remodeling in the HAG-treated animals. Serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels decreased significantly in the HAG group, whereas both cytokines increased in the control group (p<0.001 for both).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HAG significantly improved macroscopic, histological, and biochemical outcomes in this experimental model. These findings suggest that HAG may serve as a biologically active adjunct for reducing postoperative adhesion formation and inflammation in endometriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46409,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine-CERM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148406241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}