Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Gastric cancer epidemiology in the Adi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, India: An ethnic-specific risk factors study","authors":"Montak Mongku,&nbsp;Kaling Jerang,&nbsp;Bomni Tayeng,&nbsp;Donyi Ratan,&nbsp;Jumba Gibi,&nbsp;Tomeru Rina,&nbsp;Lalengkimi Ralte,&nbsp;Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar,&nbsp;Kiran Ramesh Kharat","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Problem considered</h3><div>Gastric cancer exhibits exceptional ethnic disparities, with tribal populations in Arunachal Pradesh experiencing incidence rates rivalling those of East Asian populations; however, systematic epidemiological investigations among these indigenous populations remain unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This population-based case-control study recruited 121 gastric cancer patients and 373 age- and BMI-matched healthy controls from the Adi tribe. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were used to calculate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multiple ethnicity-specific dietary and lifestyle risk factors were identified. Imported fish consumption conferred the highest risk (AOR = 8.109; 95% CI: 1.746-37.656), followed by smoked meat and fish (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using chi-square testing and binary logistic regression, AOR = 7.525; 95% CI: 2.025-27.970), smokeless tobacco use (AOR = 7.445; 95% CI: 1.607-34.498), traditional fermented alcohol (AOR = 5.851; 95% CI: 1.286-26.624), and excess salt (AOR = 3.091; 95% CI: 1.044-9.150). Three protective factors substantially reduced odds: fruits (AOR = 0.012; 95% CI: 0.003-0.039), water consumption &gt;1 L/day (AOR = 0.096; 95% CI: 0.034-0.272), and local fish (AOR = 0.099; 95% CI: 0.014-0.696).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This first systematic investigation of gastric cancer among the Adi tribe identified local alcohol, smokeless tobacco, imported fish, excessive salt, and smoked food (meat and fish) as significant risk factors for gastric cancer. In contrast, regular fruit intake and adequate water consumption provided strong protective effects. Culturally tailored interventions to address risks, promote protective factors, and improve healthcare access and adherence may prove beneficial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and logistic regression analysis of factors influencing antenatal care in Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"Sumedha Sharma,&nbsp;Dharma Raj,&nbsp;Pinky Pandey,&nbsp;Shalwee,&nbsp;Niraj Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examines the determinants of Antenatal care uptake, focusing on socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>The study was conducted using data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Logistic regression was employed to identify factors influencing ANC utilization, while spatial analysis using scan statistics was performed to detect geographic disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Logistic regression analysis revealed that birth order, maternal education, and household wealth significantly impacted ANC utilization. Women with secondary or higher education and those from wealthier households were more likely to receive complete ANC. Regional disparities were observed, with Bundelkhand demonstrating higher ANC uptake compared to the Western and Central regions. Spatial clustering analysis identified districts such as Kanpur Dehat, Auraiya, and Siddharthnagar as hotspots for less than four ANC visits, indicating persistent inequities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Socioeconomic and geographic factors influence ANC access, necessitating targeted interventions, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure, improving educational outreach, and addressing economic barriers can enhance maternal healthcare access in Uttar Pradesh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delivering nurturing care for small and sick newborns in facility-based settings: A scoping review of implementation approaches","authors":"Arti Maria,&nbsp;Manish Pal,&nbsp;Manish Singh Chundawat,&nbsp;Aarushi Mavi,&nbsp;Hamza Salah,&nbsp;Divita Sharma,&nbsp;Ritika Mukherjee,&nbsp;Gwinyai Masukume,&nbsp;Roy K. Philip,&nbsp;Archisman Mohapatra","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early-life nurturing care (NC) interventions are crucial to shape developmental trajectories of small and sick newborns, facing adverse experiences in neonatal care units (NCUs). However, NC implementation remains inconsistent globally. This review catalogued interventions aligned with Nurturing Care Framework (NCF), described implementation strategies, and explored barriers and enablers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and PRISMA-ScR, we searched four databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Campbell Collaboration) for English-language sources (January 2015 to April 2025). Two reviewers independently screened, selected, and charted data aligned with NCF domains, resolving disagreements with the third reviewer. Findings were synthesized using descriptive mapping and realist-informed context-mechanism-outcome configurations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1125 articles screened, 13 studies were selected (seven from low- and middle-income countries; 10 randomized controlled trials, three observational; five implementation research, one quality improvement). NCF components frequently addressed were safety and security (n = 12), responsive caregiving (n = 9), adequate nutrition (n = 8), and opportunities for early learning (n = 8); good health was least addressed (n = 1). Interventions like non-pharmacological pain management, environmental modifications, caregiver-led practices and digital training, reduced neonatal stress, improved feeding readiness, and shortened hospital stays. Enablers included leadership commitment, trained staff, and family engagement. Barriers included environmental stressors, fragmented protocols, and staff turnover. Implementation and sustainability were inconsistently reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Evidence on facility-based NC for small and sick newborns is growing but remains fragmented, with limited reporting on strategies, fidelity, and sustainability. Future studies should use implementation science frameworks and prioritize workforce, infrastructure, and policy support to embed NC within NCU protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Registration</h3><div>Open Science Framework (OSF) protocol: <span><span>https://osf.io/aqpyw</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></div></div><div><h3>Reporting</h3><div>PRISMA-ScR checklist and flow diagram are provided in the supplementary materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronutrient and haemato-biochemical predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A case-control study in Middle and Northern Ghana","authors":"Daniel Ataanya Abera,&nbsp;Christopher Larbie,&nbsp;Mohamed Mutocheluh,&nbsp;Julius Dongsogo,&nbsp;Jacob Amonoo-Neizer,&nbsp;Mina Ofosu,&nbsp;James Abugri","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), commonly diagnosed through an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), is a widespread pregnancy complication. This study addresses the gap in research on micronutrients and haemato-biochemical factors in GDM in Ghana, exploring these parameters as predictors among pregnant women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective case-control study, 180 pregnant women, comprising 130 with gestational diabetes and 50 without (controls), were investigated at Tamale and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospitals. Socio-demographics, anthropometrics, and nutrition data were gathered through a questionnaire; blood samples were analysed for hemato-biochemical parameters and micronutrients. Statistical analysis employed SPSS version 26.0 and R with P &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study found ‘dawadawa’ intake (aOR = 7.41, 95% CI: (2.40-22.89); p = 0.001), Zinc intake (aOR = 3.57, 95% CI: (1.95-6.53); p &lt; 0.0001) and increasing platelet count (aOR = 1.12, 95%, p = 0.009) independently predict GDM. However, late gestational age of 36-41 weeks, intake of only iron (aOR = 0.02, 95% CI: (0.00-0.15); p &lt; 0.0001) and liver intake (aOR = 0.23, 95% CI: (0.09-0.60); p = 0.001) independently decreased the chances of GDM by 80%, 98% and 77% respectively. In addition, chromium supplementation independently decreased GDM. A significant positive weak correlation was observed between red blood cell count (r = 0.196, p = 0.025) and fasting blood sugar.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current findings emphasize the need for effective strategies with a call for midwives to provide education and advocate dietary and behavioural adjustments for pregnant women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of midwife-led continuous childbirth support on labor pain and satisfaction of primigravida women in northwest Ethiopia: Implementation evaluation","authors":"Mengstu Melkamu Asaye,&nbsp;Getie Mihret Aragaw,&nbsp;Kihinetu Gelaye Wudineh,&nbsp;Eden Bishaw Taye,&nbsp;Kerstin Erlandsson","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Primigravida women experience increased labor pain and emotional distress. Midwife-led continues labor support offers emotional benefits and reduces maternal and newborn complications; however, its effects on primigravidas’ labor pain, satisfaction, and newborn admissions has not been studied in Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of midwife-led continuous labor support on primigravida women's labor pain, satisfaction, and newborn admission rates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A quasi-experimental study compared midwife-led continuous labor support with routine care among 419 primigravida women at four Ethiopian hospitals (two intervention, two control). Data were collected from July to December 2024 through interviews and records. Senior midwives and the principal investigator trained all midwives at the intervention sites, as well as two additional midwives for overload periods. Support averaged 90 min per woman. Fisher's Exact test e assed changes (P &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Midwife-led continuous labour support increased maternal satisfaction among primigravida women from 147 (71.4%) in the control group to 167 (78.4%) in the intervention group, a net increase of 7% (P &lt; 0.001). It reduced pain from 136 (66%) to 98 (46%), a net decrease of 20% (P &lt; 0.037). Neonatal intensive care unit admissions decreased from 23 (11.2%) to 12 (5.6%), a net reduction of 6.6% (P &lt; 0.004). There was no effect on newborn death rates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Midwife-led support effectively reduced pain, increased satisfaction, and decreased NICU admission for primigravida women in Ethiopia through continues psychological and physical support, improving maternal and newborn wellbeing. Implementing this approach facility-wide and evaluate sustainability in routine care is necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of antimicrobial usage & associated factors among aquaculture farmers in a district of eastern India","authors":"Swati Behera,&nbsp;Navya Vyas,&nbsp;Rinila Das,&nbsp;R. Abinayasundari","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Problem considered</h3><div>Aquaculture, the breeding of aquatic organisms, is expanding rapidly and can improve food security. However, the excessive antimicrobial use in aquaculture contributes to antimicrobial resistance, posing environmental threats. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial usage in aquaculture and to examine factors influencing their usage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2024 among 310 aquaculture farmers in a district of an eastern state of India. Participants with at least one year of farming experience were selected using probability proportionate to size (PPS) sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured, expert-validated questionnaire, covering socio-demographic characteristics, farm details, antimicrobials knowledge, usage patterns, and awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance. Data were analysed using Jamovi (version 2.3.28). Descriptive statistics were computed, and associated factors were analysed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Majority (52.9%) of the farmers were not registered under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY). All practiced freshwater aquaculture, with whiteleg shrimp being the predominant species (79.35%). Although 98.7% farmers had heard of antimicrobials, appropriate knowledge of rational use was limited. Antimicrobials were commonly used without prescriptions, with incomplete treatment courses, and poorly followed recommended dosages. Record-keeping was uncommon, and 98.1% were unaware of AMR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights widespread unregulated antimicrobial use driven by inadequate knowledge and limited professional guidance. These findings emphasize the need for targeted awareness programs, regulatory enforcement, and capacity-building initiatives to promote rational antimicrobial use and support sustainable aquaculture in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The silent emergency: acute malnutrition among Somali children demands urgent global attention","authors":"Fatima Abdijabbar Ibrahim,&nbsp;Nasro Salad Ahmed,&nbsp;Fardowso Hassan Maxamud,&nbsp;Anisa Hassan Elmi,&nbsp;Yakub Burhan Abdullahi","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hidden burden of undiagnosed diabetic kidney disease in primary care: Lessons from a rural Indian health system","authors":"K.K. Ashwin Raj,&nbsp;Mubarack Sani,&nbsp;Anaan Basha,&nbsp;Hiba Shaji,&nbsp;Krishnaraj Rajeev,&nbsp;K.P. Aiswarya","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major contributor to chronic kidney disease and related morbidity among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Early detection can delay disease progression; however, DKD often remains undiagnosed in primary-care settings, particularly in rural health systems. Evidence on the magnitude of undiagnosed DKD within routine diabetes care in India remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A community-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from May to June 2024 among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending primary-care services in a rural area of Kerala, India. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected using structured interviews and medical record review. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Undiagnosed DKD was defined as chronic kidney disease (eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m²) in individuals without a prior documented diagnosis. Descriptive analyses, group comparisons, and logistic regression were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Among 110 participants, 22.7% (95% CI: 15.0–30.5%) were identified with previously undiagnosed DKD, with all cases first detected at stage 3 or beyond. Individuals with undiagnosed DKD showed a significantly higher prevalence of elevated serum creatinine, anaemia, hyperkalaemia, and poor glycaemic control. Documentation of urine albumin testing and prior eGFR calculation was significantly lower among affected participants. In multivariable analysis, older age, hypertension, longer duration of diabetes, and higher serum creatinine levels were independently associated with undiagnosed DKD. The multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated good discriminatory performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.82–0.95).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>A substantial hidden burden of undiagnosed diabetic kidney disease exists within routine primary-care diabetes services, with detection occurring predominantly at advanced stages. These findings indicate missed opportunities for early diagnosis despite regular health-system contact and highlight the need to strengthen systematic renal assessment within existing primary-care programmes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism spectrum disorders with comorbidities – A detailed profiling of risk factors and temperamental characteristics - Insights from a tertiary care center","authors":"Ushasti Sinha ,&nbsp;Sujay Shenoy ,&nbsp;Amrtavarshini Radhakrishna,&nbsp;Rajeshkrishna Panambur Bhandary","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is rising worldwide. Psychiatric/physical comorbidities are common in ASD and untreated comorbidities worsen functioning. Understanding the risk factors and temperamental characteristics in ASD with comorbidities helps to inform preventive and early intervention efforts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data was collected from medical case records of children with ASD, aged 17 years and below, evaluated under the Department of Psychiatry, between January 2014 and December 2024. 120 clinical records with an ASD diagnosis were screened, out of which 46 were included for the study. The records were systematically scrutinized for risk factors, temperamental characteristics, symptoms of ASD and comorbidities according to ICD-11.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>74% of the children were aged 5 years or below. 48% had medical comorbidities, and 84.8% had psychiatric comorbidities. 43% and 32% had a family history of medical and psychiatric comorbidities, respectively. Among pre- and perinatal risk factors, 30% (14) had at least a single risk factor, and 52% (24) had more than one risk factor. Children with comorbidities had a higher median number of risk factors (2 vs 1). 48% of children had a difficult temperament, and all of them had comorbidities with ASD. Among these, the dimensions of temperament were heterogeneous.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study highlights the importance of detailed risk factor profiling and temperamental characteristics of ASD with comorbidities for preventive, promotion, and early intervention for ASD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in cataract and glaucoma surgery in the Brazilian unified health system: a retrospective study from 2009 to 2024","authors":"Carolina Engelbrecht,&nbsp;Marina Martins Siqueira,&nbsp;Gabriely Rangel Pereira,&nbsp;Lucas Hernandes Correa,&nbsp;Nelson Wolosker,&nbsp;Marcelo Passos Teivelis","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2026.102372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In 2020, cataracts were the leading cause of blindness worldwide, while glaucoma ranked second and remained the primary cause of irreversible blindness. This study analyzes data from Brazil's public health system (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) regarding cataracts and glaucoma, focusing on procedure volume, regional disparities, mortality, and ophthalmologist workforce.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>De-identified data are publicly available through the Hospital Information System (HIS) and the Outpatient Information System (OIS). Additionally, data on ophthalmologists in the public health system were obtained from the National Registry of Health Establishments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The total number of cataract procedures increased from 364,600 in 2009 to 1.48 million in 2024, while glaucoma procedures rose from 18,500 to 45,200. Women over 50 predominated in cataract procedures, and they accounted for 60% of glaucoma procedures across all ages. There were 41 deaths related to cataract procedures and only one related to glaucoma. The number of ophthalmologists in SUS increased to an average of 6.2 per 100,000 inhabitants over the period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>From 2009 to 2024, at least 11.8 million cataract and glaucoma procedures were performed. The Southeast and Northeast regions led in cataract procedures, while the Southeast and North excelled in glaucoma. Women comprised the majority of surgeries, and the mortality rate was very low, with ophthalmologists concentrated primarily in major centers, especially in the Southeast.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147798451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}