Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Biophysiological and biochemical parameters among patients with hypertension- A cross-sectional study","authors":"Betcy George ,&nbsp;Porkodi Arjunan ,&nbsp;Abraham M. Ittyachen ,&nbsp;M. Rajkumar ,&nbsp;N.A. Sheela Shenai ,&nbsp;Soney Meleth Varghese ,&nbsp;Ramesh Chandrababu","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Research evidence highlights modifiable risk factors as key elements in preventing hypertension and its complications. This study explores their association with hypertension to inform preventive strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We assessed the socio-clinical, bio-physiological, and biochemical parameters and its associated factors.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This hospital-based cross-sectional study involved 220 hypertensive patients. The outcome variables were assessed using biophysiological and biochemical methods.</div><div>Association between socio-clinical variables with bio-physiological and biochemical parameters was done with the Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, and Spearman's correlation. p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>71.36 % had hypertension for the past 10 years, 73.63 % were on anti-hypertensives for 10 years, and 80.91 % were prescribed a single drug. The median HDL and LDL levels were 58 mg/dL and 140 mg/dL, respectively.</div><div>Weight emerged as a strong positive contributor to all three BP measures [systolic blood pressure (SBP): p = 0.026, diastolic blood pressure (DBP): p = 0.001, and mean arterial pressure (MAP): p = 0.001], highlighting its potential role in BP control. Gender disparities were evident, with men having higher DBP (p &lt; 0.001) and MAP (p = 0.003) compared to women. Smoking habit was particularly detrimental, showing a significant association with higher DBP (p = 0.016). A link between heart rate and comorbid conditions (p = 0.044) suggests a potential interplay between weight, hypertension, and overall health. Linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant positive association between weight, DBP, and MAP (p &lt; 0.05 for both).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Age showed a weak correlation, and weight management emerged as a crucial factor for BP control. Strategies to decrease weight would be crucial for the control of hypertension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and exploration of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness in men who have sex with men aged 18–29 years in Lima, Peru, during 2021: A mixed methods study","authors":"Diego Tofeño,&nbsp;Diana Uypan,&nbsp;Paola Torres-Slimming","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a therapeutic scheme that has shown effectiveness in reducing the risk of HIV infection through sexual contact. PrEP has been used in various countries globally and in Latin America as a public health measure. In Peru, the greatest increase in HIV incidence in recent years has occurred in the age group of 20–29 years and 15–19 years, this being an important range to be able to implement prevention measures.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the prevalence of awareness of HIV PrEP and to explore the knowledge and attitudes regarding its use among men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 18–29 years in Lima, Peru.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Explanatory sequential mixed method study whose central component is quantitative. A survey (non-probabilistic descriptive cross-sectional) and a virtual interview (phenomenological approach) were used for data collection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 100 seronegative MSM surveyed, 49 % were aware of PrEP. In the qualitative component, it was found that most participants obtained information casually through their social networks. It was also found that they had significant concern about the adverse effects of PrEP, which was mentioned as a barrier to its use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Almost half of MSM are aware of the existence of PrEP, a medication that helps prevent HIV. However, it is important to find more reliable sources of information about PrEP because the fear of adverse effects and ignorance about it are limitations to its consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102099"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of microenvironmental factors on tobacco consumption among Spanish youth","authors":"Cristina Sota Rodrigo ,&nbsp;María-Camino Escolar-Llamazares ,&nbsp;Elvira Isabel Mercado Val ,&nbsp;María Ángeles Martínez Martín ,&nbsp;Ángela Sanllorente Rodríguez ,&nbsp;María Consuelo Sáiz-Manzanares","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The onset of tobacco use is occurring at increasingly younger ages. Numerous studies have identified risk and protective factors associated with smoking in adolescents, with family factors being among the most influential. Likewise, the group of friends and the role of teachers as role models also exert a notable influence on the onset of consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze the influence of social and family role models on tobacco consumption in adolescents, considering these factors as elements of the microenvironment.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at three points (2011, 2016 and 2019). The sample, incidental in nature, consisted of 3928 Spanish students aged 12–14 years, enrolled in Compulsory Secondary Education in 54 educational centers. Data collection was performed by means of a self-administered questionnaire designed ad hoc, with adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Previously, a health education and prevention program developed by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer) was applied. Both the intervention and data collection complied with the established ethical principles. Statistical analysis included descriptive techniques, bivariate and multivariate analyses and binary logistic regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The influence of family and social models on tobacco use varied between cohorts. The paternal figure showed an influence of 1.3 % in 2011, .7 % in 2016, and 0.8 % in 2019; the maternal figure of 2.2 %, 1.5 % and 0.3 %, respectively. Siblings had an influence of 4.3 % in 2011, 1.6 % in 2016 and 0.5 % in 2019. The influence of the best friend was 23.2 % in 2011, 18.7 % in 2016 and 1.7 % in 2019. The figure of the teacher was relevant in 2011 (0.9 %) and 2019 (0.4 %). Regarding multivariate predictive models, in 2011 older age explained 10.5 % of consumption. In 2016, older age, peer pressure and less family communication explained 20.4 %. In 2019, younger age, more available money and peer pressure explained 2.4 % of consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results reinforce the importance of social and family patterns as risk factors in the early stages of adolescent smoking. The multicausal nature of smoking in this vital stage justifies the design of preventive interventions aimed at modifying risk factors and promoting protective factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of surgical site infections with antimicrobial resistance among cancer patients at a tertiary care hospital: A prospective study","authors":"Vishala Kundarapu ,&nbsp;Akshay Shelke ,&nbsp;Pallavi Priya ,&nbsp;Shiwani Mishra ,&nbsp;Richa Chauhan ,&nbsp;Sameer Dhingra","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Surgical site infections (SSIs) significantly challenge cancer patients’ management, causing prolonged hospitalization, increased morbidity, and mortality. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) complicates treatment and recovery. This study assessed the SSI incidence, antimicrobial sensitivity patterns, and clinical outcomes in cancer patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective study enrolled 228 cancer patients over 9 months at Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center in Patna, Bihar, India, including patients of all ages who underwent surgery, developed SSIs, and received antimicrobial therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found an SSI incidence of 7.8 %, highest in head and neck surgeries (16.6 %). The average age was 46.77 years, with 50.9 % males. Multidrug resistance was found in 48.01 % of isolates, with <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli,</em> and <em>Klebsiella oxytoca</em> as the main pathogens. High resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins was noted, while tetracycline and aminoglycosides were more effective. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with SSIs (33.9 %) compared to those without SSIs (3.0 %; p &lt; 0.05). The highest mortality was observed in head and neck cancer surgeries (5.26 %) and gallbladder surgeries (3.5 %). Multivariate analysis identified carcinoma (OR = 5.36, 95 % CI: 1.56–18.42, p = 0.008) and history of radiation therapy (OR = 4.74, 95 % CI: 1.13–19.76, p = 0.033) as independent predictors of mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reveals a high SSI incidence in cancer patients, with significant AMR. Multidrug-resistant pathogens and high mortality rates emphasize the urgent need for improved infection control and antimicrobial stewardship in cancer care. Limitations include the single-center design, potential biases from surgical practices, and antibiotic use variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of health system responsiveness on tuberculosis treatment adherence in public primary healthcare facilities in Indonesia","authors":"Fajar Ariyanti ,&nbsp;Mochamad Iqbal Nurmansyah ,&nbsp;Riastuti Kusuma Wardani ,&nbsp;Zilhadia ,&nbsp;Bulent Kilic","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) has reemerged as the leading cause of mortality from a single infectious agent globally. Adherence to treatment is essential for patient recovery, controlling infection transmission, and reducing the emergence of drug resistance. This research aimed to investigate the influence of health system responsiveness on tuberculosis treatment adherence among patients in public primary care in Indonesia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a cross-sectional quantitative research conducted in 25 government-operated primary healthcare facilities. In addition, 491 people with TB receiving treatment at public primary care facilities were selected as respondents. Independent variables included health system responsiveness consisting of eight domains such as attention, dignity, communication, autonomy, confidentiality, quality of basic amenities, social support, and access to healthcare. Medication adherence was measured as a dependent variable in this study. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 27.0, and an ordinall logistic regression was used to examine the responsiveness of healthcare to tuberculosis medication adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over 95 % of respondents reported that the health system exhibits strong responsiveness in the domains of attention, dignity, and communication. The autonomy and quality of basic amenities received the lowest responsiveness score. The results showed that patients who reported having experienced good prompt attention and autonomy were approximately two times as likely to have higher medication adherence (AOR: 2.7 and 2.1, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Non-medical dimensions, particularly those related to attention, autonomy, and physical quality, should be considered and improved in order to increase medication adherence among people with TB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TB death surveillance and response (TBDSR) - A step towards zero deaths due to TB. Lessons learnt from West Bengal, India","authors":"Abhijit Dey ,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar Roy ,&nbsp;Poulami Basu ,&nbsp;Dhrubajyoti Deka ,&nbsp;Rajat Basu ,&nbsp;Simran Keshri ,&nbsp;Bandita Sengupta ,&nbsp;Sandip Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>West Bengal, an eastern state of India, has introduced a tuberculosis (TB) death review system called TB Death Surveillance and Response (TBDSR). The State has developed a dedicated web portal for TB death information management. This study assessed the preventable factors associated with the death of a person with TB (PwTB)</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a mixed-method observational study. In 2023, a total of 5332 PwTB died due to any reason before completion of treatment. This was the study population. A secondary analysis was done on the routinely collected data from the TBDSR portal.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The odds of death were significantly &amp; independently higher among the elderly, males, severely underweight, extra-pulmonary TB, drug-resistant TB, HIV + ve, diabetics, and those who are not initiated with anti-TB drugs.</div><div>The median time of death was 30 days after TB diagnosis. 10 % died before treatment initiation, 46 % died within one month, 19 % died between 1 and 2 months.79 % died at home and 2 % during transit.</div><div>The major underlying causes of death were TB (40 %), Cerebrovascular accident (22 %), and old age (17 %).</div><div>Contributors of deaths were delay in care seeking, self-perceived stigma, comorbidities, and unavailability of hospital admission facilities/transport facilities/critical care setup for PwTBs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>West Bengal has a well-designed system of TB death surveillance. The TBDSR model can be replicated in other high-burden areas. The majority of the PwTBs are dying at home within two months of TB diagnosis. The findings of TBDSR warrant several critical steps for the reduction of mortality due to preventable reasons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between metabolic risk, oxidative stress and psychological parameters amongst sample of nurses working in Doha, Qatar","authors":"Kirti S. Prabhu ,&nbsp;Ummu Habeeba ,&nbsp;Mohammad Usman Asad Rahman ,&nbsp;Maria Salvador Perez ,&nbsp;Salam AlMoghrabi Ramirez ,&nbsp;Bilal Uddin Khan ,&nbsp;Shilpa Kuttikrishnan ,&nbsp;John Paul Ben Tabar Silang ,&nbsp;Noora Ahmed Kh A. Al Kaabi ,&nbsp;Abdul Quaiyoom Khan ,&nbsp;Afsheen Raza ,&nbsp;Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Shahab Uddin","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Shift workers are recognized to experience circadian rhythm disturbances, metabolic risks, and oxidative stress, increasing their susceptibility to numerous diseases. This study compared day and rotating shift nurses' metabolic, oxidative, and psychological profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A random sample of 212 eligible employees from a tertiary care hospital at Hamad Medical Corporation in Doha, Qatar, were assessed for anthropometric and laboratory parameters related to metabolic risk, oxidative stress and psychological impact.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Descriptive and inferential statistics (alpha = 0.05) were applied in this study. Unlike previous investigations, our study demonstrated no statistically significant correlation between changed metabolic, oxidative, and psychological profiles among nurses working day shifts compared to rotating shifts. Although abdominal obesity was slightly more prevalent among rotational workers (68.7 % vs. 63.3 %), this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.457). Our analysis revealed that RANTES and IL9 were expressed in higher amounts amongst rotational shift duty workers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study results imply that, even if not much changes were observed in metabolic and psychological differences, rotating shift workers' immunological changes might have been influenced by disruptions in their circadian rhythms. Prolonged monitoring and interventions are advised to mitigate the health hazards linked to shift work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The risk factors of dengue shock syndrome among Indonesian children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Arya Krisna Manggala ,&nbsp;Justika Usmadhani Aulya ,&nbsp;Jonny Karunia Fajar ,&nbsp;Dyah Kanya Wati","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) continues to have high morbidity and mortality among Indonesian children. In addition, studies on the risk factors for DSS among children, particularly in Indonesia, remain inconsistent and inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a recent systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk factors associated with DSS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Published papers from PubMed, Google Scholar, <em>Garba Rujukan Digital</em> (GARUDA), and the <em>Indonesian Scientific Journal Database</em> (ISJD) assessing demographic aspects, clinical manifestations, and laboratory findings were analyzed. Pooled odds ratios (OR) or event rates with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using fixed or random-effects models. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 19 studies with a total of 3086 children, reporting the event rate and the risk factors associated with DSS in children. The pooled rate showed that 36.0 % of children in Indonesia had DSS (PR 0.36 [95 % CI 0.33–0.38], p &lt; 0.001). Pooled OR identified that obesity/overweight (OR 2.30 [95 % CI 1.51–3.48], p &lt; 0.001), secondary dengue infection (OR 1.49 [95 % CI 1.12–1.99], p = 0.006), abdominal pain (OR 2.34 [95 % CI 1.29–4.25], p = 0.005), hepatomegaly (OR 6.31 [95 % CI 2.78–14.31], p &lt; 0.001), ascites (OR 9.56 [95 % CI 6.27–14.59], p &lt; 0.001), pleural effusion (OR 9.15 [95 % CI 3.18–26.29], p &lt; 0.001), gastrointestinal tract (GI) bleeding (OR 5.15 [95 % CI 1.87–14.13], p = 0.001), increased hematocrit (OR 4.65 [95 % CI 2.95–7.34], p &lt; 0.001), thrombocytopenia (OR 3.21 [95 % CI 1.81–5.69], p &lt; 0.001), and elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (OR 7.42 [95 % CI 4.02–13.69], p &lt; 0.001) were significant risk factors associated with DSS in children.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Obesity/overweight, secondary dengue infection, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, ascites, pleural effusion, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, increased hematocrit, thrombocytopenia, and elevated AST levels were identified as risk factors for DSS among Indonesian children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersection of social behavior and legislative measures in reducing indoor tobacco smoke exposure in India","authors":"Mamta Verma ,&nbsp;Arpita Basak ,&nbsp;Bhupendra Kumar Verma ,&nbsp;Mousumi Nath Mazumder ,&nbsp;Vivek Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Indoor exposure to tobacco smoke in India is a significant social concern, primarily because it poses severe health risks not only to smokers but also to non-smokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke. The objective of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of current state and central tobacco as an intervention to control policies and laws in reducing indoor exposure to tobacco smoke and to assess the magnitude of such exposure in states implementing either only central regulations or integrated both state and central tobacco control measure.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>ology: The study considered cross-sectional survey data of National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015–16). Binary logistic regression with multiple covariates has shown an inclination of indoor smoking in states having single (Central) comparing with multiple (Central and State legislation) anti-smoking laws, particularly in rural areas, among economically weaker sections; among BPL households and within lower educational attainment populations, and also revealed influence of these factors in interaction with other.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Obtained results have shown that Indian States implemented only single anti-smoking laws reported significantly higher prevalence (31.0 %) i.e., twice of indoor exposure to tobacco smoke among children than States implemented multiple laws(15.4 %). The same inequality observed at every socio-demographical and economical levels such as based on residence(in rural[ORsingle-1.86(1.83–1.90); ORmultiple-1.75(1.72–1.79)]), caste levels(among tribe[ORsingle-1.80(1.77–1.83); ORmultiple-1.57(1.52–1.61)] except unreserved, economical status (among poorer [ORsingle-1.25(1.23–1.28); ORmultiple-1.23(1.20–1.27)].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Indoor tobacco smoke exposure is not just a public health concern but also a social issue, which requires urgent state and central tobacco control legislative reform and effective enforcement to safeguard the health and well-being of India's population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual impairment and blindness among children: A literature review","authors":"Soukaina Loulidi ,&nbsp;Mohamed Loukid ,&nbsp;Samia Boussaa","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Blindness and visual impairment in children are a serious problem that affects their daily lives. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence, causes, and risk factors of this ophthalmological problem worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To do this, we carried out an in-depth search on several databases such as PubMed and Scopus, using the keywords « visual impairment » OR/AND « blindness » AND « children » AND « epidemiology » AND « causes ». Thus, 696 articles covering the period 2000–2024 were consulted, and 50 of them were selected based on eligibility criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed a high disease prevalence in Australia and Africa, compared to the other continents. The retina was the most affected anatomical site (26 %), followed by the lens (22 %). Moreover, cataract, corneal opacities, corneal scar were the main causes in low-income countries, while retinopathy of prematurity, cataract and refractive error were the main causes in moderate-high-income countries. Regarding risk factors the indetermined aetiology represented the highest rates in both low and moderate-high income countries (40 %, 36.84 % each) in our review. The causes of visual impairment and blindness are preventable, with rates ranging from 13.6 % to 94 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study has allowed us to identify the global extent of blindness and visual impairment in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 102094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}