Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Minimum acceptable diet and undernutrition in Bangladesh: evidence from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019","authors":"Md Fuad Al Fidah ,&nbsp;Md Ridwan Islam ,&nbsp;Tahmeed Ahmed ,&nbsp;Sharika Nuzhat","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Minimum acceptable diet (MAD) remains unattainable to many children residing in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to identify the factors influencing MAD and its association with undernutrition among Bangladeshi children aged 6–23 months.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Bangladesh 2019. Total 5747 children (6–23 months) were included. Binary logistic regression models were developed to examine the association between outcome and independent variables. MAD was measured using proxy indicators, following updated WHO definitions. No causal conclusions can be drawn. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were reported. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of MAD was 30.0 %. The median age (in months) of participants with adequate MAD (12.0, IQR: 16.0–20.0) was significantly (p-value&lt;0.001) higher than their counterparts (10.0, IQR :14.0–18.0). Higher odds of attaining adequate MAD were associated with urban residents (AOR:1.45; 95 %CI:1.26–1.67), children whose mothers received secondary (AOR:1.97, 95 %CI:1.57–2.47) and post-secondary (AOR:3.80, 95 %CI:2.97–4.86) education, were exposed to media (AOR:1.64; 95 % CI:1.45–1.86) and belonged to wealthier families. However, the lower odds of achieving adequate MAD was associated significantly with mothers being primary caregivers of another child (AOR:0.72, 95 %CI:0.63–0.83). Adequate MAD was associated with lower odds of being underweight among children (AOR:0.79, 95 % CI:0.66–0.94).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Less than one-third of Bangladeshi children aged 6–23 months achieved adequate MAD. These findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to improve complementary feeding practices, particularly in poorer and rural households, and to incorporate media in the interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 102140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diarrhea among children under-five: Comparing risk factors in urban and rural areas in Indonesia","authors":"Diah Yunitawati,&nbsp;Marizka Khairunnisa,&nbsp;Donny Kristanto Mulyantoro,&nbsp;Hadi Ashar,&nbsp;Leny Latifah","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diarrhea remains a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality, including in Indonesia. This study aims to identify and compare the risk factors associated with diarrhea in children under the age of five living in both rural and urban regions of Indonesia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized a cross-sectional design. The analysis focused on a sample of 64,148 children aged between 0 and 59 months. The primary outcome measured was the prevalence of diarrhea, while the independent variables examined included child age, gender, maternal education, maternal age, maternal common mental disorder (CMD), economic status, disposal of children's stools, and drinking water sources. Bivariate analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between variables, followed by logistic regression to determine adjusted associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Diarrhea was reported in 10.9 % of children, with a higher prevalence in rural areas (11.53 %) compared to urban areas (10.07 %). Child's age, lower maternal education, maternal common mental disorder, and younger maternal age were significantly associated with higher odds of diarrhea in both settings (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, improper disposal of children's stools emerged as a key risk factor in rural areas.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The factors related to diarrhea in children below the age of five in Indonesia present differences between rural and urban areas. While higher maternal education and good mental health were lower risk factors in both areas, rural areas faced additional risks related to sanitation practices. These findings highlight the need for region-specific interventions to effectively prevent and manage diarrhea in children under five.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 102136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body weight overestimation increases the risk of incident overweight among adolescents: Findings from a cohort study in Vietnam","authors":"Xuan Minh Tri Tran ,&nbsp;Hoang Thuy Linh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Thao Vi Tran ,&nbsp;Sharifullah Alemi ,&nbsp;Kaoruko Seino ,&nbsp;Thang Van Vo ,&nbsp;Keiko Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Overweight and obesity pose significant global health concerns, particularly among children and adolescents. This study aimed to examine the association between body weight misperception and the risk of incident overweight among Vietnamese adolescents over the three-year period.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the Hue Adolescents Cohort Study were used, including 353 secondary school students (mean age 11.60 ± 0.36 at baseline, 47.0 % girls), who completed questionnaires and anthropometric assessments. Based on the concordance between self-perceived and objectively measured body weight status, participants were categorized into three groups: underestimation, accurate perception, or overestimation. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors, was conducted to assess the relationship between weight misperception and incident overweight.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Approximately half of the students exhibited body weight misperceptions, with males more likely to underestimate and females more likely to overestimate their weight. The cumulative and annual rates of incident overweight were 16.2 % and 5.0 %, respectively. Over the three-year follow-up, students who overestimated their body weight had significantly higher odds of developing overweight compared to those who accurate self-perception (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.855, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.163, 7.009). In contrast, students who underestimated their weight had lower odds of developing overweight (aOR = 0.323, 95 % CI 0.133, 0.786).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights a notable incidence of overweight among Vietnamese adolescents and underscores the importance of addressing accurate body weight perceptions as part of strategies to prevent overweight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 102138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and gatekeeper behaviour towards suicide prevention among Pre University college teachers: A cross-sectional descriptive survey","authors":"Kallabi Borah ,&nbsp;Tessy Treesa Jose ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar M Nagaraj ,&nbsp;Vani Lakshmi R ,&nbsp;Lorna Moxham","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Death by suicide is a major public health issue among adolescents. Teachers are key professionals in identifying students with suicidal symptoms at an early stage.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and gatekeeper behaviour among teachers of Pre University colleges.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present study used a cross-sectional descriptive survey among teachers (n = 602) working in Pre University colleges of Udupi District in South India. Data was obtained from participants using a socio-demographic proforma followed by the Literacy of Suicide Scale, Attitude Towards Suicide Prevention scale, and Gatekeeper Behavior Scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Descriptive analysis revealed that 97.8 % of participants had inadequate knowledge, 99.5 % had a negative attitude towards suicide prevention, and 89.5 % of teachers had positive gatekeeper behaviour on suicide prevention. The teaching experience of the participants had an impact on their knowledge and gatekeeper behavior, but not their attitude. The logistic regression found a significant association between knowledge and gatekeeper behaviour with selected socio-demographic variables.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Improving knowledge and creating a positive attitude toward suicide prevention through awareness programs can be considered a key step for teachers of Pre University colleges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 102125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges, barriers, and facilitators in implementing digital health initiatives for NP-NCD management in India's public health system: A scoping review","authors":"R.V.N.S.P. Meghana ,&nbsp;Jayvardhan Singh ,&nbsp;Ramesh Kumar Huda","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases pose significant public health challenges in India, especially within resource-limited settings. To address these, the Government of India launched the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD), supported by the NP-NCD Portal—a digital health initiative aimed at improving service delivery, data management, and care coordination across public health facilities.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This scoping review explores the challenges, barriers, and facilitators influencing the implementation of digital health initiatives for NP-NCD management in India's public healthcare system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus Embase, government websites, and grey literature sources.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen studies published between 2010 and 2025 were included, encompassing qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research. Thematic analysis revealed key barriers such as inadequate digital infrastructure, poor internet connectivity, limited digital literacy, high workloads, dual data entry requirements, and workflow disruptions. Facilitators identified included structured training programs, dedicated data personnel, supportive leadership, offline functionality, regional language support, and integration with broader health systems. Community engagement through frontline workers (ASHAs, ANMs) and incentive structures played a vital role in improving adoption and outreach.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings underscore the need for robust infrastructure, continuous capacity building, interoperable systems, and workforce support to optimize digital health implementation. These insights can inform strategies to enhance NCD care delivery in India and other low- and middle-income countries facing similar challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 102137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the connection between diabetes drugs and weight loss in patients with type II diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study","authors":"P. Jagadeesh Chandra Prasad,&nbsp;Y. Lavanya,&nbsp;P. Nikhileswar Reddy,&nbsp;D. Shameera Banu,&nbsp;Rajavardhana Thamineni","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Diabetes mellitus is the most common of the endocrine disorders. It is a chronic condition, characterized by hyperglycemia and due to impaired insulin secretion with or without insulin resistance. American Diabetes Association (ADA) defines diabetes mellitus as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by inappropriate hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To investigate the correlation between different diabetic medications and weight fluctuations in individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) through a prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A Prospective Cohort study was conducted among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. 410 volunteer patients were participated in our study. Out of them 18 members were excluded and 392 were included based on our study criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study we explored the relationship between Diabetic medications and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Our study shows that Metformin 500 mg and Voglibose 0.2 mg has significant association with GRBS Levels and Metformin 500 mg has significant association with weight loss. We also observed slight increase in weight in case of Glimepiride 1 mg &amp; Glimepiride 2 mg but which is not clinically significant. Slight weight loss is observed in Sitagliptin 100 mg, Teneligliptin 20 mg, Vildagliptin 50 mg and Voglibose 0.2 mg but out of which those are not clinically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings underscore the importance of individualized medication management strategies tailored to optimize both glycaemic control and weight outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus management. Continued research in this area is essential to refine treatment guidelines and improve clinical outcomes for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 102135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of cardiovascular adverse events in ChAdOx1-nCoV-19-vaccinated priority groups in North India","authors":"Noti Taruni Srija Reddy ,&nbsp;Mahek Rai ,&nbsp;Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti ,&nbsp;Upinder Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Rationale</h3><div>Studies on determinants of cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) in ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine recipients are scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a subgroup analysis of our published one-year prospective study (February 2021 to April 2022) on the safety of the ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine. Healthcare workers and the elderly were the core study participants (priority vaccine recipients) who were followed up telephonically for one year after vaccination. Patterns of CVAEs and their risk factors were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 1650 enrolled participants, the data on CVAEs were available for 1525. Cardiac AEs and vascular AEs occurred in 1.4 % and 1.8 %, respectively. CVAEs were serious in 0.45 % of participants. Obese individuals had 3.8- and 2-times higher odds of cardiac and vascular AEs, respectively. Individuals aged 40 years and above had 3 times higher odds of vascular AEs. Cardiac AEs were significantly more common after the first dose of the vaccine. No association was seen between CVAEs and COVID-19 before or after vaccination. The rates of persistent CVAEs were 2.4–3.1 %, 1.1–1.3 %, and 0.5–0.9 % in the Vaccine After COVID (VAC) group, COVID After Vaccine (CAV) group, and Vaccine NO COVID (VNC) group, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The occurrence of CVAEs might be governed by the number of vaccine doses, age, obesity, and timing of the vaccine with respect to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. While no causality can be established between the observed events and vaccination, individuals receiving any dose of vaccine after recovery from COVID-19 need extended monitoring for CVAEs. Larger studies including unvaccinated individuals are required to understand the predictors of CVAEs for the individualization of future vaccination policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 102124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of stress on biomechanical fatigue and arterial function in young adolescents – A cross sectional study","authors":"Srihari Ramamoorthy ,&nbsp;Dilara Kamaldeen ,&nbsp;Latha Ravichandran ,&nbsp;Manikandan Sundaramahalingam ,&nbsp;Manickam Subramanian ,&nbsp;A.V. Siva Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adolescence is a phase of life that prioritizes career and life choices, leading to increased stress levels. Increases in stress levels are seen as a key risk factor for cardiovascular and muscular disorders. Pulse Wave Velocity is a non-invasive and reliable measure of arterial stiffness. Biomechanical fatigue is a reliable marker for estimating fatigue levels, indicating physical efficiency. The current study aimed to find out the impact of stress on biomechanical fatigue and arterial stiffness among adolescents in the Indian population.</div></div><div><h3>Materials &amp; methods</h3><div>The study was conducted among 664 participants from three schools randomly selected from Chennai. After collecting basic demographics, stress was assessed by evaluating all three components of stress i.e., psychological, neural, and hormonal components using the perceived stress scale, Heart rate variability, and Salivary Cortisol. Biomechanical fatigue was assessed using Fatigue Pictogram and arterial stiffness was measured by Pulse Wave Velocity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The current study results disclose that stress was found to have a negative influence on sleep hygiene, biomechanical fatigue, arterial function, and academic performance (p &lt; 0.05). Fatigue pictogram has shown that there is no significant association between stress and physical fatigue (p-0.128). Most of the stressed participants were found to have an increased Pulse wave velocity (PWV) (67.4 %), which was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current study suggests that stress significantly impacts biomechanical fatigue which leads the students to inadequate academic and physical performance. Furthermore, stress can also predispose to the early onset of prehypertension due to increased arterial stiffness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 102126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of delays in the tuberculosis care pathway and adverse treatment outcomes in Chennai, South India: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy ,&nbsp;C. Selvaraja ,&nbsp;Dhanajayan Govindan","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) remains significant public health issue in India, particularly in high-burden areas. Understanding factors associated with adverse treatment outcomes and delays in TB care pathway is crucial for improving TB control efforts. Hence, this study aimed to identify the determinants of delay in TB care pathway and adverse treatment outcomes in Chennai, South India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted retrospective cohort study among 497 newly diagnosed, drug-sensitive TB patients at ESIC Medical College &amp; PGIMSR, Chennai, from April 2020 to April 2022. Data were collected from the National TB Elimination Programme portal and supplemented via phone interviews. Patients were assessed for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics, and delays in TB care cascade. Logistic regression models identified predictors of patient delay, total delay, non-adherence, and adverse treatment outcomes and interpreted as adjusted odds ratio (AOR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found median patient delay of 18 days and total delay of 28 days in TB care pathway. Females and patients without fever at baseline had significantly longer delays. Extrapulmonary TB was associated with longer total delay. Non-adherence to medication was prevalent (26.6 %) and was the strongest predictor of adverse treatment outcomes (AOR:39.18, 95 %CI: 21.56–71.20, p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study found significant delays in care-seeking, especially among females and individuals without fever at baseline. Non-adherence to treatment was prevalent and associated with adverse treatment outcomes. Implementation of community-based adherence support programs that include regular patient follow-ups and counseling sessions will address barriers to treatment adherence, especially tailored for women and individuals with extrapulmonary TB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 102123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One health perspective on Rabies: Incidence and risk factors in humans and livestock in Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Workneh Wondimagegn Azalu ,&nbsp;Sefinew Alemu Mekonnen ,&nbsp;Wudu Temesgen Jemberu","doi":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rabies is a widespread disease affecting all warm-blooded animals. In developing countries, most human mortalities originate from rabid dogs. Every year, rabies is responsible for an estimated 60,000 human deaths worldwide, with 15 million people receiving rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), 4 million disability-adjusted life years, and 9 billion US$ dollars in economic losses. Incidence and associated risk factors of rabies in humans and livestock were conducted in North-West Ethiopia with the aim of quantifying the incidence and associated risk factors of rabies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The prospective follow-up of rabid victims was recorded in seven districts of North-West Ethiopia for 18 consecutive months. Information from victims or bit animal owners was collected, entered into Excel, and analyzed using Stata 17.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 393 rabid suspected cases were recorded during the follow-up period, of which 293 were bites by potentially rabid animals and 100 were probable rabid cases. Males to female ratio of human victims was (59.46 % vs. 40.54 %, respectively). Dog owned were more infected (62 %) than non-dog owned. Dogs were the major animals (&gt;96 %) for exposure. The 5–14 years age group had the highest number of bites in human cases. The legs/feet (53.5 %) were the most affected body part. The mortality rate of humans was 2.09 per 100,000 people per year during the current outbreak.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>People living in rural residences, males, and having dogs in the house were the main risk factors for exposure to rabies. Hence, rabies continues to pose a threat to humans and animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46404,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 102119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}