Rural-urban and sex-specific disparities in the prevalence of modifiable and metabolic risk factors associated with NCDs including cancer in Northeast India

IF 1.7 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI:10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102141

Anita Nath , Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan , Thilagavathi Ramamoorthy , Vinay Urs K S , Debabrata Barmon , Jaganath Sharma , Anita Bhutia , Tseten Bhutia , Madhubala Devi , Sushma Khuraijam , Kaling Jerang , Ravi Kannan , Gautam Majumdar , Projnan Saikia , Adity Sharma , Shah Alam Sheikh , Sopai Tawsik , Vinotsole Khamo , W.B. Langstieh , Eric Zomawia , Prashant Mathur

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Problem considered

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and in India, following cardiovascular diseases, with most cases linked to modifiable risk factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cancer-related modifiable and metabolic risk factors and assess disparities by rural-urban status and gender in Northeast India.

Methods

A population-based cross sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 in 12 Population-Based Cancer Registries across eight northeastern states, involving 23,040 adults aged >18. Data on socio-demographics, lifestyle, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters were analysed using weighted sampling and SPSS software. Results were reported as means and proportions with 95 % confidence intervals.

Results

A total of 21321 respondents completed the survey, indicating a response rate of 92.5 %. Tobacco use was reported by 48.6 %, significantly higher in rural men (64.2 %) than in urban men (58.3 %) (p < 0.001). Smokeless tobacco use was significantly more in women (30.7 %) than men (22.9 %) (p < 0.001). Ever consumption of alcohol consumption was significantly higher among men (47.2 %) and rural residents (33.1 %) (p < 0.001). Women (91.7 %) and rural residents (93.3 %) were more physically active than men (88.2 %) and urban residents (85.7 %) (p < 0.001). Hypertension (stages 1 and 2) affected more men (29.1 %) and urban residents (28.9 %) (p < 0.001). Overweight affected 22.4 %, obesity 5.2 %, with significantly higher obesity rates in women (6.3 %) and urban residents (7 %) (p < 0.001). Clustering of more than three risk factors was observed in 31.3 % of participants, significantly higher among men (37.1 %) and urban participants (37.3 %) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The higher prevalence of risk factors compared to national estimates may contribute to elevated cancer incidence rates in Northeast India. Understanding these burdens highlights opportunities for cancer prevention and control. Findings underscore the importance of sustained cancer risk factor surveillance in cancer registry areas.

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印度东北部与非传染性疾病（包括癌症）相关的可改变和代谢危险因素患病率的城乡和性别差异

在全球和印度，癌症是仅次于心血管疾病的第二大死亡原因，大多数病例与可改变的风险因素有关。本研究旨在确定印度东北部与癌症相关的可改变和代谢危险因素的患病率，并评估城乡状况和性别的差异。方法在2019年至2021年期间，在东北部8个州的12个基于人群的癌症登记处进行了一项基于人群的横断面研究，涉及23,040名18岁的成年人。采用加权抽样和SPSS软件对社会人口统计学、生活方式、人体测量学和生化参数数据进行分析。结果以均值和比例报告，置信区间为95%。结果共有21321人完成调查，回复率为92.5%。报告的烟草使用比例为48.6%，农村男性（64.2%）明显高于城市男性（58.3%）(p <；0.001)。女性使用无烟烟草的比例（30.7%）明显高于男性（22.9%）(p <；0.001)。曾经饮酒的男性（47.2%）和农村居民（33.1%）明显更高(p <；0.001)。女性（91.7%）和农村居民（93.3%）比男性（88.2%）和城市居民（85.7%）更活跃(p <；0.001)。高血压（1期和2期）男性（29.1%）和城市居民（28.9%）受影响较多(p <；0.001)。超重影响22.4%，肥胖影响5.2%，其中女性（6.3%）和城市居民（7%）的肥胖率明显更高(p <；0.001)。在31.3%的参与者中观察到三个以上危险因素的聚类，在男性（37.1%）和城市参与者（37.3%）中明显更高(p <；0.001)。结论：与国家估计相比，印度东北部地区较高的危险因素患病率可能是导致癌症发病率升高的原因之一。了解这些负担凸显了预防和控制癌症的机会。研究结果强调了在癌症登记区域持续监测癌症风险因素的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

7.70%

发文量

218

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health (CEGH) is a multidisciplinary journal and it is published four times (March, June, September, December) a year. The mandate of CEGH is to promote articles on clinical epidemiology with focus on developing countries in the context of global health. We also accept articles from other countries. It publishes original research work across all disciplines of medicine and allied sciences, related to clinical epidemiology and global health. The journal publishes Original articles, Review articles, Evidence Summaries, Letters to the Editor. All articles published in CEGH are peer-reviewed and published online for immediate access and citation.