Journal of Oral Biosciences最新文献

{"title":"Complete genome sequence of a tetracycline-resistant Streptococcus mutans strain carrying the tet(M) gene","authors":"Saki Nishihama ,&nbsp;Yujin Suzuki ,&nbsp;Tomoaki Shintani ,&nbsp;Manami Tsunoi ,&nbsp;Junzo Hisatsune ,&nbsp;Yo Sugawara ,&nbsp;Katsuhiro Takeda ,&nbsp;Miki Kawada-Matsuo ,&nbsp;Mikihito Kajiya ,&nbsp;Motoyuki Sugai ,&nbsp;Hideki Shiba ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Komatsuzawa","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tetracyclines are widely used in dental treatment. Here, we report the genomic information of the tetracycline-resistant <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> strain, HSM45, for the first time.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Susceptibility to tetracycline was determined using the microdilution method. The complete genome sequence of HSM45 was determined and compared with public genome data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HSM45 was resistant to tetracycline. The tetracycline resistance gene <em>tet</em>(M) was carried by Tn<em>916</em>, a conjugative transposon that is widely found in Gram-positive bacteria.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study showed that <em>S. mutans</em> can acquire tetracycline resistance and it can also be a source of horizontal transfer of resistance genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"67 3","pages":"Article 100679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a transposon variant of Porphyromonas gingivalis expressing long Mfa1 fimbriae due to mfa2 inactivation","authors":"Naoyoshi Miwa ,&nbsp;Miyuna Fujimoto ,&nbsp;Kotaro Sakae ,&nbsp;Tomohiko Iwase ,&nbsp;Makoto Hirohata ,&nbsp;Yoshikazu Naiki ,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Nishikawa ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Nawa ,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Hasegawa","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Fimbriae expressed by <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em>, a periodontal pathogen, play a pivotal role in biofilm formation. In the type strain ATCC 33277, Mfa1 fimbriae form short structures anchored to the cell surface by Mfa2, an outer membrane protein involved in regulation of fimbrial length. Mfa1, the major fimbrilin, is classified into three genotypic types—<em>mfa1</em>^<em>70A</em><em>, mfa1</em>^<em>70B</em>, and <em>mfa1</em>^<em>53</em>—based on gene sequence. Although strain D83T3 is classified as <em>mfa1</em>^<em>70A</em>, like ATCC 33277, it expresses a 73 kDa Mfa1. This study aimed to investigate D83T3's unique functional properties to improve <em>mfa1</em> genotyping.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The <em>fimA</em>-deficient ATCC 33277 strain (JI-1) was used as a reference. Mfa1 polymerization and localization were analyzed using immunoblotting. N-terminal processing was evaluated by Edman degradation. Fimbrial morphology was examined using transmission electron microscopy. The region downstream of <em>mfa1</em> was sequenced. Mfa2 expression and the presence of Mfa3–5, putative tip proteins in the fimbriae, were confirmed by immunoblotting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 73 kDa Mfa1 polymer was predominantly detected in D83T3's culture supernatant. Cleavage was confirmed at the gingipain recognition site. Mfa1 fimbriae in D83T3 were longer than those in JI-1. An IS5 transposase insertion was observed between <em>mfa1</em> and <em>mfa2</em> at D83T3. Mfa2 expression was reduced in D83T3 cells, and Mfa3–5 was absent from the fimbriae.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>D83T3 is a transposon insertion variant that releases abnormally long Mfa1 fimbriae extracellularly due to <em>mfa2</em> inactivation. Our study's findings offer new insights, and analysis of the <em>mfa1-mfa2</em> gene structure can complement <em>mfa1</em> genotyping for the classification of <em>P. gingivalis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"67 3","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteolytic N-terminal processing of Mfa proteins in the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis","authors":"Makoto Hirohata ,&nbsp;Yoshikazu Naiki ,&nbsp;Akihiro Oishi ,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Nishikawa ,&nbsp;Richard J. Lamont ,&nbsp;Karina Persson ,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Hasegawa","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The asaccharolytic bacterium <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> regulates biofilm formation through Mfa1 fimbriae, composed of the major subunit Mfa1 and accessory proteins including the putative tip adhesin Mfa4. These components undergo maturation via N-terminal leader peptide cleavage by gingipains. However, the mechanisms governing fimbrial assembly remain unclear. This study examined the role of protease-dependent N-terminal processing in the maturation and incorporation of Mfa1 and Mfa4 during fimbrial biogenesis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Missense mutations were introduced in the N-terminal regions of <em>mfa1</em> and <em>mfa4</em> by substituting RgpA/B- and Kgp-specific cleavage sites with alanine. Surface expression of Mfa1 in mutant cells was analyzed using ELISA. Mfa1 fimbriae were purified from parental and mutant strains via ion-exchange chromatography, and N-terminal sequences of Mfa1 and Mfa4 were determined. Antibodies targeting the Mfa4 leader peptide were used for localization studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite alanine substitutions at RgpA/B cleavage sites, Mfa1 processing persisted, indicating compensatory cleavage by Kgp or other enzymes such as dipeptidyl peptidases. Mature Mfa1 was transported to the cell surface and incorporated into fimbriae. Only the mature form of Mfa4 was detected in the fimbriae, whereas the leader peptide was enriched in the inner membrane.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results suggest the existence of a compensatory proteolytic network in <em>P. gingivalis</em> and emphasize the biological importance of post-translational modifications in fimbrial assembly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"67 3","pages":"Article 100678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetitive/rhythmic masticatory muscle activity under urethane anesthesia in guinea pigs: a descriptive pilot study","authors":"Sho Katsura ,&nbsp;Yutaka Matsuura ,&nbsp;Ayano Katagiri ,&nbsp;Hiroki Toyoda ,&nbsp;Makoto Higashiyama ,&nbsp;Yuji Masuda ,&nbsp;Takafumi Kato","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Rhythmic/repetitive masticatory muscle activity may occur spontaneously during cyclic alternations in unconscious brain states such as sleep. An experimental model is needed to clarify these underlying mechanisms. This study investigated jaw movements and masticatory muscle activity during cyclic state alternations under urethane anesthesia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cortical electroencephalography, electrocardiography, and nasal airflow were recorded simultaneously with jaw movements and jaw muscle electromyography activity in seven urethane-anesthetized male guinea pigs (420–594 g). Cortical brain states were divided into deactivated and activated states according to electroencephalogram (EEG) delta power. The respiratory and heart rates were quantified during the two cortical states. Rhythmic jaw movements (RJMs) were visually scored and the characteristics of masticatory electromyographic bursts were analyzed. Transient changes in cortical, cardiac, and respiratory activities were analyzed in association with RJMs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cortical activity and respiratory and heart rate variabilities differed significantly between activated and deactivated states. Of 321 RJMs, 290 occurred in clusters under urethane anesthesia; The majority (73.7 %) were scored during the activated state. RJM episodes were associated with alternate lateral jaw excursion, predominantly with masseter muscle activation, and occasionally with tooth-grinding sounds. RJMs were preceded by decreases in EEG delta activity and transient increases in cardiac and respiratory activities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Masticatory muscles may be activated repetitively and rhythmically during cyclic alternations in brain states under urethane anesthesia. Urethane-anesthetized guinea pigs are a potential experimental model for examining the mechanisms underlying the generation of RJMs in unconscious states, such as sleep bruxism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"67 3","pages":"Article 100673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"O-GlcNAcase transiently translocates to the cytoplasm and regulates osteoblast differentiation","authors":"Xinyu Zheng ,&nbsp;Airi Tanai ,&nbsp;Heriati Sitosari ,&nbsp;Yao Weng ,&nbsp;Anggun Dwi Andini ,&nbsp;Koji Kimura ,&nbsp;Mika Ikegame ,&nbsp;Hirohiko Okamura ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible post-translational modification mediated by O-GlcNAcase (OGA) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Although localization of OGT during differentiation has been well studied, the spatial regulation and role of OGA in the maturation of osteoblasts remains unclear. This study investigated the translocation of OGA and its functional effects during the differentiation of osteoblasts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Localization of OGA was assessed in mouse calvarial osteoblastic cells using immunohistochemistry and in pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells using <em>in vitro</em> staining. OGA-knockout (OGA-KO) MC3T3-E1 cells were generated to evaluate differentiation using the osteogenic markers, Sp7, Dlx5, and Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization stains (von Kossa and Alizarin red).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>OGA was primarily cytoplasmic in osteoblastic cells of the mouse calvaria. In MC3T3-E1 cells, OGA was translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by differentiation Day 3 and was stabilized by Day 6. OGA-KO cells had enhanced differentiation, increased ALP activity and mineralization, and upregulated Sp7 and Dlx5 expression. Immunohistochemistry showed that Sp7 mirrored the shift in localization of OGA, moving from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by Day 6, whereas Runx2 remained in the nucleus throughout differentiation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings reveal that dynamic translocation of OGA is a key event in early differentiation of osteoblasts that regulates maturation of osteoblasts. These insights suggest a novel regulatory role for OGA and identify potential targets for therapeutic strategies in the regeneration of bone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"67 3","pages":"Article 100672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular inflammation and cancer malignancy","authors":"Yuya Sakurai ,&nbsp;Li Yu ,&nbsp;Aya Matsuda ,&nbsp;Nako Maishi ,&nbsp;Kyoko Hida","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vascular inflammation is a key contributor to cancer progression and metastasis. Tumor endothelial cells (TECs) respond to microbial, metabolic, and therapeutic stimuli by upregulating adhesion molecules and cytokines, which facilitates tumor cell adhesion and immune evasion.</div></div><div><h3>Highlight</h3><div>This review focuses on three representative vascular inflammatory triggers: <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>-induced endothelial activation, the oxLDL/LOX-1 signaling axis, and chemotherapy-induced vascular dysfunction. These mechanisms converge to establish a pre-metastatic niche. Emerging strategies including microbiota modulation, metabolic targeting, and low-dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy, have shown promise in preclinical studies for preserving vascular integrity and reducing inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Targeting vascular inflammation is a novel therapeutic approach to suppressing metastasis and cardiovascular events. Further studies are required to validate predictive biomarkers and optimize these strategies for clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"67 2","pages":"Article 100671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide analyses of susceptibility genes responsible for mandibular prognathism in the Japanese population","authors":"Marie Hoshi-Numahata ,&nbsp;Atsuko Nakanishi-Kimura ,&nbsp;Haruhisa Watanabe ,&nbsp;Mai Nishiura ,&nbsp;Shinnosuke Nishimoto ,&nbsp;Fumi Ueno ,&nbsp;Riyu Koguchi ,&nbsp;Akira Oka ,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Sato ,&nbsp;Takashi S. Kajii ,&nbsp;Tadahiro Iimura","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mandibular prognathism (MP) is a type of malocclusion characterized by an imbalance in the anteroposterior position of the upper and lower jaws. The prevalence of MP in Japan is relatively high, suggesting a unique genetic background in the population.</div></div><div><h3>Highlight</h3><div>Genome-wide analyses identified susceptibility genes responsible for mandibular prognathism in the Japanese population.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Identification of the genes associated with malocclusion will pave the way for personalized and precise medicine and contribute to craniofacial biology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"67 2","pages":"Article 100670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis on cell cycle regulation in brain endothelial cells","authors":"Andrea Fernanda Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Juan Sebastian Buitrago ,&nbsp;Yormaris Castillo ,&nbsp;Gloria Inés Lafaurie ,&nbsp;Diana Marcela Buitrago-Ramirez","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Advanced periodontitis potentially contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) development and progression by altering the blood–brain barrier microenvironment in the cerebral microvascular endothelium. This results, in cytotoxicity, cell cycle disruption, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, allowing pathogens to enter the brain and damage the central nervous system (CNS). This study evaluated the effects of <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> W83 infection on pro-inflammatory response, cell viability, and cell cycle regulation in mouse brain endothelial cells (mBECs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>mBECs were stimulated with live <em>P. gingivalis</em> at different multiplicity of infection (MOI) values (1:5, 1:10, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200) for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Cell viability, cell cycle regulation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression were assessed using the alamarBlue assay, flow cytometry, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>P. gingivalis</em> reduced cell viability, induced morphological changes in mBECs by &gt;50 % after 48 h (p &lt; 0.05) and caused concentration-dependent arrest in the S and G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle at MOI = 1:100 and 1:200. The <em>Il6</em>, <em>Il1b</em>, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (<em>Tnf</em>) mRNA expression increased significantly compared to that of the controls (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>P. gingivalis</em> reduced cellular metabolism and induced early cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in mBECs cells. It also increased the pro-inflammatory response, which could be associated with cell death and possible senescence of brain endothelial cells. These results suggested a possible role for <em>P. gingivalis</em> in the pathogenesis of AD. Further studies are required to elucidate these underlying mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"67 2","pages":"Article 100668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of electrical stimulation for antimicrobial capacity of titanium materials implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Simone Kreve,&nbsp;Andréa C. dos Reis","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance undermines the effectiveness of drugs for treating implant-associated infections. Consequently, there is growing interest in identifying alternative methods to prevent and eliminate infections. The aim of this systematic review was to ascertain whether the electrical stimulation of titanium implants or titanium-based implant materials has antimicrobial properties against bacterial biofilms. The search was conducted in various databases, including PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar, in February 2024. In addition, a manual search of the reference lists of the included articles was conducted. The eligibility criteria included in vivo and in vitro studies evaluating the effects of electrical stimulation on titanium implants or titanium-based implant materials in reducing biofilm formation or adhesion as well as eradicating or reducing the viability of bacterial biofilms. The variability between studies was determined using the inverse variance method with random- and fixed-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 and prediction interval statistics. Publication bias was qualitatively evaluated using funnel plots.</div></div><div><h3>Highlights</h3><div>Different electrical stimulation (ES) parameters (current and voltage) exhibited antibacterial activity, resulting in either bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ES in titanium or titanium-based implant materials confers antimicrobial capacity against bacterial biofilms, and its effectiveness depends on the applied tension. The association between ES and antimicrobials was more robust than with ES administered individually.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"67 2","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of glucose metabolism in amelogenesis","authors":"Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2025.100667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cell energy metabolism plays a pivotal role in organ development and function by regulating cell behavior in pathophysiological conditions. Glucose metabolism is the central cascade for obtaining energy in mammalian cells, and cells alter the glucose metabolic pathway depending on intra- and extracellular environments. Therefore, glucose metabolism is closely associated with cell differentiation stages, and cell energy metabolism plays a vital role not only in energy production but also in cell fate regulation in organogenesis.</div></div><div><h3>Highlight</h3><div>During enamel formation, the timing of the expression of passive and active glucose transporters, glycogen synthesis, and glycogen degradation is strictly regulated according to the energy demand of ameloblast-lineage cells. These glucose metabolic reactions are particularly active in the maturation stage of ameloblasts. Furthermore, autophagy, a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis that modulates glucose metabolism, occurs during both the secretory and maturation stages of ameloblasts. Disruption of glucose metabolism cascade and autophagy induces enamel hypoplasia, as demonstrated in both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Adequate energy supply via glucose metabolism is essential for enamel matrix secretion and maturation. A thorough understanding of the precise regulation of energy metabolism in amelogenesis facilitates comprehension of the normal enamel formation process and pathological conditions affecting it. This review summarizes glucose metabolic processes during amelogenesis, focusing on glucose uptake, glycogenesis, and glycogenolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"67 2","pages":"Article 100667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}