Impact of DLX3/SAHH axis on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in alveolar bone

IF 2.6 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Oral Biosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI:10.1016/j.job.2025.100658

Shichen Sun , Yuxi Jiang , Kang Chen , Xinyi Chen , Jinyou Chai , Haipeng Sun

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Abstract

Objectives

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) promote alveolar bone formation and repair. Distal-less homeobox 3 (DLX3) plays a key regulatory role in BMSC osteogenesis. However, the precise pathway by which it mediates osteogenesis in BMSCs remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the potential epigenetic mechanisms underlying DLX3-mediated BMSCs osteogenesis.

Methods

BMSCs were isolated from the alveolar bone. DLX3 overexpression and knockdown cell lines were established using lentivirus-mediated gene transfer. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase expression, alizarin red staining, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA immunoprecipitation, and S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) activity measurements.

Results

DLX3 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, positively regulated SAHH, and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) activity. In addition, the long non-coding RNA H19 (H19) bound to SAHH in BMSCs. DLX3 regulated the expression of H19, and rescue experiments showed that H19 knockdown increased SAHH activity, thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation in the DLX3-overexpression group.