Journal of Oral Biosciences最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic morphometric changes in the mandibular osteocytic lacunae of ovariectomized rats in response to teriparatide, as revealed by three-dimensional fluorescence analyses: Possible involvement of osteocytic perilacunar remodeling","authors":"Atsuko Nakanishi-Kimura ,&nbsp;Aya Takakura ,&nbsp;Marie Hoshi-Numahata ,&nbsp;Haruhisa Watanabe ,&nbsp;Mai Nishiura ,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Sato ,&nbsp;Ryoko Takao-Kawabata ,&nbsp;Tadahiro Iimura","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2023.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2023.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Teriparatide [TPTD; human parathyroid hormone (hPTH1-34)] is an anti-osteoporotic drug with bone anabolic effects. Clinical and preclinical studies have indicated that TPTD has value in oral and maxillofacial bone therapies, including jawbone regeneration, periodontal tissue repair, and the treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. However, it is unclear whether the craniofacial bones respond to TPTD similarly to the axial and appendicular bones. Recent studies showed that TPTD acts on both osteocytes and osteoblasts. This study aimed to characterize distinct craniofacial bone sites, with a focus on morphometric changes in osteocytic lacunae in ovariectomized rats receiving TPTD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Conventional bone histomorphometric analyses of mandibular and parietal bone sections were conducted. High-resolution confocal imaging-based three-dimensional fluorescence morphometric analyses of osteocytic lacunae in distinct mandibular and parietal bone sites were conducted.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We observed dynamic changes in the morphometric characteristics of osteocytic lacunae specifically in alveolar and other mandibular bone sites upon TPTD administration.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that osteocytes in mandibular bone (specifically, alveolar bone) have unique functional characteristics of osteocytic perilacunar remodeling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"Pages 49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007923001913/pdfft?md5=01834df301dc9b38ac5a1954f393a60d&pid=1-s2.0-S1349007923001913-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138483199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological profiling using the human mandible","authors":"Doha Abualhija ,&nbsp;Julieta Gómez García-Donas ,&nbsp;Simon Shepherd ,&nbsp;Scott McGregor ,&nbsp;Ademir Franco ,&nbsp;Scheila Manica","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In the absence of soft tissue, skeletal remains are analyzed to identify the deceased. This assessment involves establishing the biological profile that aids medicolegal investigations and fulfils the right of the dead to be identified. Since the mandible is the strongest bone in the skull and easily identifiable, even when fragmented, this study aimed to systematically review its value in constructing the biological profile in the published literature. We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature and collected cross-sectional studies published in English before 2021. A risk of bias assessment was completed based on Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools. The data are presented descriptively and were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 365.</p></div><div><h3>Highlight</h3><p>Of the 104 eligible articles, 94 examined the sexual dimorphism of the mandible, while 25 attempted to estimate age. Ancestry and stature were the least explored biological characteristics (five and one articles, respectively). A metric analysis was the most common approach (n = 80), followed by morphological analysis and combined morphologic and metric techniques (n = 18 and n = 6, respectively). The results showed no statistically significant correlation between an individual's mandible and stature. Orthopantomogram radiography continues to be the most common radiographic technique for assessing the mandible.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The mandible is reliable when used for sex estimation; however, caution should be exercised in relying solely on it for morphological assessments. This review provides guidance on estimating age, sex, and ancestry directly from mandibular specimens or radiographs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"Pages 5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007923001871/pdfft?md5=abdbdc9db5a90d51d9cdc4ac15df89d8&pid=1-s2.0-S1349007923001871-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of KLF5 basal expression in oral carcinoma-derived cells through three intact CREB1-binding sites in the silencer region","authors":"Reiichi Katsuumi,&nbsp;Tsubasa Negishi,&nbsp;Kazushi Imai,&nbsp;Nozomi Mihara","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Krüppel-like factor (KLF)5, which is overexpressed in carcinomas such as oral cancer, inhibits epidermal differentiation. KLF5 induces dedifferentiation of carcinoma cells, which effectuates carcinoma progression; nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism affecting the transcription of the <em>KLF5</em> gene remains ambiguous.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Transcriptional activity of the <em>KLF5</em> silencer, specifically the 425-bp region (425-region), was examined using reporter assays. An additional analysis was conducted to assess the impact of the minimal essential region (MER) of <em>KLF5</em> on its basal expression. The affinity of cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) for three potential CREB1-binding sites in the 425-region was analyzed using DNA pull-down and quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Reporter assays employing a human oral squamous carcinoma cell line, HSC2, transfected with small interfering RNA or complementary DNA for <em>CREB1</em>, were performed to investigate the effect of CREB1 binding sites on MER activity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The 425-region exhibited no transcriptional activity and suppressed MER transcriptional activity. This region encodes three putative CREB1-binding sites, and CREB1 demonstrated equal binding affinity for all three sites. The deletion of each of these binding sites reduced CREB1 precipitation and enhanced MER activity. Endogenous CREB1 knockdown and overexpression elevated and reduced MER activity, respectively, at the intact sites. Conversely, site deletion hampered and improved MER activity upon CREB1 knockdown and overexpression, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Suppression of <em>KLF5</em> basal expression via CREB1 binding to the 425-region requires all three CREB1-binding sites to remain intact in oral carcinoma cells. Consequently, deletion of the CREB1-binding site relieves suppression of <em>KLF5</em> basal expression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"Pages 217-224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007923001974/pdfft?md5=e643eb23c6867069628054af081084fd&pid=1-s2.0-S1349007923001974-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis augmented gingival epithelial barrier molecules alteration with aging","authors":"Sarita Giri ,&nbsp;Ayuko Takada ,&nbsp;Durga Paudel ,&nbsp;Osamu Uehara ,&nbsp;Yoshihito Kurashige ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Kuramitsu ,&nbsp;Masae Furukawa ,&nbsp;Kenji Matsushita ,&nbsp;Toshiya Arakawa ,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Nagasawa ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Abiko ,&nbsp;Yasushi Furuichi","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2024.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2024.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Disruption of the gingival epithelial barrier is often mediated by aging or the pathogen <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em>. This study examined the combined effects of aging and <em>P. gingivalis</em> exposure on gingival epithelial barrier molecules.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><em>In vitro</em> experiments involved treating young- and senescence-induced primary human gingival epithelial progenitor cells (HGEPp) with <em>P. gingivalis</em> lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and paracellular permeability were measured. <em>In vivo,</em> male C57BL/6J mice aged 10 (young) and 80 (old) weeks were divided into four groups: young, old, young with <em>P. gingivalis (Pg-</em>Young<em>)</em> inoculation, and old with <em>P. gingivalis</em> (<em>Pg</em>-Old) inoculation. <em>P. gingivalis</em> was inoculated orally thrice a week for 5 weeks. The mice were sacrificed 30 days after the last inoculation, and samples were collected for further procedures. The junctional molecules (Claudin-1, Claudin-2, E-cadherin, and Connexin) were analyzed for mRNA expression using qRT-PCR and protein production using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The alveolar bone loss and inflammatory cytokine levels in gingival tissues were also assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>LPS-treated senescent cells exhibited a pronounced reduction in TER, increased permeability to albumin protein, significant upregulation of Claudin-1 and Claudin-2, and significant downregulation of E-cadherin and Connexin. Furthermore, the <em>Pg</em>-Old group showed identical results with aging in addition to an increase in alveolar bone loss, significantly higher than that in the other groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, the host susceptibility to periodontal pathogens increases with age through changes in the gingival epithelial barrier molecules.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"Pages 126-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007924000124/pdfft?md5=2ad89eb80d65ac707c5dc4bfb9a62042&pid=1-s2.0-S1349007924000124-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139713229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism in the three-dimensional detailed crown structure of maxillary first premolars","authors":"Julie Miyazaki ,&nbsp;Shintaro Kondo ,&nbsp;Shinichi Negishi","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Maxillary first premolars have a unique shape because of their curvature features, positional relationship of the cusps, and most prominent points, making them different from other teeth. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the detailed three-dimensional morphometric structure of maxillary first premolars and sexual dimorphism.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study participants were 60 elementary and junior high school students (30 boys and 30 girls) in Japan. The distance between landmarks was measured using the three-dimensional coordinates of plaster casts, and the data collected was statistically analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Sexual dimorphism was greater in the lingual cusp, showing greater variation in size than the buccal cusp. Boys exhibited significantly larger relative distances in the mesiodistal and buccolingual directions than girls; particularly, regarding mesiodistal diameter of the central groove, mesial slope of the buccal cusp, and distal slope of the lingual cusp. These results may be due to a slight difference in the timing of secondary enamel knots between boys and girls during the developmental stage, which was reflected in the sexual dimorphism of the completed teeth. Curvature features, cusp positions, and most prominent points were considered individual traits because they were not interrelated.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Subtle differences during the developmental stage may lead to sexual dimorphism of the completed crown. Furthermore, the morphological characteristics of the maxillary first premolars may be related to their location in the dental arch.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"Pages 13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007923001925/pdfft?md5=449b6c2e71d519f768a5c25920501604&pid=1-s2.0-S1349007923001925-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138811861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay affects hyperactive root formation in oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome via up-frameshift protein 1","authors":"Ryoto Machida,&nbsp;Takuya Ogawa,&nbsp;Kyaw Min Soe,&nbsp;Keiji Moriyama","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2024.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2024.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare X-linked genetic disorder caused by mutations in the BCL6 co-repressor (<em>BCOR</em>) and is mainly characterized by radiculomegaly (elongated dental roots). All <em>BCOR</em> mutations reported to date have been associated with premature termination codons, indicating that nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) might play a vital role in the pathogenesis of OFCD syndrome. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NMD remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the involvement of up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1), which plays a central role in NMD, in the hyperactive root formation caused by <em>BCOR</em> mutations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Periodontal ligament cells, isolated from a Japanese woman with a c.3668delC frameshift mutation in <em>BCOR</em>, and primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs) were used for an RNA immunoprecipitation assay to confirm the binding of UPF1 to mutated <em>BCOR</em>. Additionally, the effects of UPF1 on the <em>BCOR</em> transcription levels and corresponding gene expression were determined by performing relative quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>RNA immunoprecipitation revealed that UPF1 binds to exon 9 of mutated <em>BCOR</em>. Additionally, <em>UPF1</em> knockdown via siRNA upregulated the transcription of <em>BCOR</em>, whereas overexpression of wild-type and mutated <em>BCOR</em> with the same frameshift mutation in HPdLFs altered bone morphogenetic protein 2 (<em>BMP2</em>) expression.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings indicate that <em>BCOR</em> mutations regulate the transcription of <em>BCOR</em> via UPF1, which may in turn regulate the expression of <em>BMP2</em>. NMD, caused by a c.3668delC mutation, potentially leads to an OFCD syndrome phenotype, including elongated dental roots.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"Pages 225-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007924000082/pdfft?md5=f4bf5f87b0e6eb5e683b1c16b156d6d7&pid=1-s2.0-S1349007924000082-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Klebsiella mannose phosphotransferase system promotes proliferation and the production of extracellular polymeric substances from mannose, facilitating adaptation to the host environment","authors":"Suguru Miki ,&nbsp;Haruka Fukamachi ,&nbsp;Momoe Itsumi ,&nbsp;Nagatoshi Fujiwara ,&nbsp;Takashi Takaki ,&nbsp;Mie Kurosawa ,&nbsp;Hirobumi Morisaki ,&nbsp;Noriyuki Suzuki ,&nbsp;Hirotaka Kuwata","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><em>Klebsiella</em> spp., an opportunistic infectious organism, is commensal in the nasal and oral cavities of humans. Recently, it has been reported that oral <em>Klebsiella</em> spp. ectopically colonize the intestinal tract and induce the accumulation of intestinal Th1 cells. For oral bacteria to colonize the intestinal tract, they need to compete for nutrients with indigenous intestinal bacteria. Therefore, we focused on mannose, a mucus-derived sugar, and the mannose phosphotransferase system (PTS) (ManXYZ), a mechanism for mannose uptake, in terms of their effects on intestinal colonization and immune responses to <em>Klebsiella</em> spp.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We generated a <em>Klebsiella manXYZ</em>-deficient strain and investigated whether the utilization of intestinal mucus-derived sugars is associated with the growth. Furthermore, we examine the virulence of this organism in the mouse intestinal tract, especially the ability to colonize the host using competition assay.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found that <em>Klebsiella</em> ManXYZ is a PTS that specifically takes up mannose and glucosamine. Through ManXYZ, mannose was used for bacterial growth and the upregulated production of extracellular polymeric substances. <em>In vivo</em> competition assays showed that mannose metabolism promoted intestinal colonization. However, ManXYZ was not involved in Th1 and Th17 induction in the intestinal tract.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The fundamental roles of ManXYZ were to ensure that mannose, which is present in the host, is made available for bacterial growth, to promote the production of extracellular polymeric substances, thus facilitating bacterial adaptation to the host environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"Pages 119-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007924000033/pdfft?md5=54675b3cdacf760d2508985e9a8a61d0&pid=1-s2.0-S1349007924000033-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the swallowing reflex by stimulation of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus in the rat","authors":"Arisa Murakawa ,&nbsp;Yoshihide Satoh","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The gigantocellular reticular nucleus (Gi) projects to the nuclues of the solitary tract nucleus (NTS) and the lateral reticular formation (LRF) above the nucleus ambiguus. The swallowing central pattern generator comprises the NTS and the LRF. The present study examined whether stimulation of the Gi affects the swallowing reflex.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Experiments were performed on urethane-anesthetized rats. The swallowing reflex was evoked by repetitive electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve and responses were recorded from the mylohyoid muscle on an electromyogram. The Gi was stimulated electrically. In addition, glutamate was injected into the Gi. The Friedman's test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction, were used to assess the effects of electrical stimulation of the Gi. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess the effects of glutamate injection into the Gi. Differences were considered significant at the P &lt; 0.05 level.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The number of swallows was significantly increased or decreased by electrical stimulation of the Gi or after injection of glutamate into the Gi. In both electrical stimulation of the Gi and injection of glutamate into the Gi, the onset latency of the first swallow was prolonged when the number of swallows was decreased but showed no change when the number of swallows was increased.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The present results suggest that the Gi is involved in the control of swallowing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"Pages 134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007923001822/pdfft?md5=3f04c5e5d05b7cf090947de4dce17ebf&pid=1-s2.0-S1349007923001822-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 pathway in the development of periodontitis","authors":"Dan Mao ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Inoue ,&nbsp;Seiji Goda","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2023.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2023.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>During innate immune defense, host pattern recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), can activate downstream pathways by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns produced by microorganisms, triggering immune responses. NOD1, an important cell membrane protein in the NLR-like receptor protein family, exerts anti-infective effects through γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) recognition. Oral epithelial cells resist bacterial invasion through iE-DAP-induced interleukin (IL)-8 production, recruiting neutrophils to sites of inflammation in response to bacterial threats to periodontal tissues. To date, the regulatory mechanisms of iE-DAP in gingival epithelial cells (GECs) are poorly understood. This study was conducted to investigate the role of the NOD1 pathway in the development of periodontitis by examining the effect of iE-DAP on IL-8 production in Ca9-22 cells.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>IL-8 production by iE-DAP-stimulated-Ca9-22 cells was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phosphorylation levels of intracellular signaling molecules were evaluated using western blot analyses.</p><p>Results: iE-DAP induced NOD1 receptor expression in Ca9-22 cells. Additionally, iE-DAP induced expression of pro-IL-1β protein without extracellular secretion. Our results suggest that iE-DAP regulates IL-8 production by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. iE-DAP also promoted nuclear factor kappa-B p65 phosphorylation, facilitating its nuclear translocation. Notably, p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 inhibitors suppressed iE-DAP-stimulated IL-8 production, suggesting that JNK is not involved in this mechanism.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results indicate that p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, but not JNK, are involved in innate immune responses in GECs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"Pages 105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007923001998/pdfft?md5=1a563947a4387e1f90881e45fac0b461&pid=1-s2.0-S1349007923001998-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139106789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planar catechin increases bone mass by regulating differentiation of osteoclasts in mice","authors":"Daiki Sugawara ,&nbsp;Nobuhiro Sakai ,&nbsp;Yurie Sato ,&nbsp;Yuki Azetsu ,&nbsp;Akiko Karakawa ,&nbsp;Masahiro Chatani ,&nbsp;Mirei Mizuno ,&nbsp;Yasubumi Maruoka ,&nbsp;Mie Myers ,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Fukuhara ,&nbsp;Masamichi Takami","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2024.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.job.2024.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>While catechins have been reported to exhibit potential to benefit osteoporosis patients, the effects of planar catechin (PCat), synthesized during the development of drugs for Alzheimer's disease, have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we examined the effects of PCat on mouse bone metabolism both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Six week old female mice were orally administered PCat (30 mg/kg) every other day for four weeks, and their femurs were analyzed using micro-computed tomography imaging. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were collected from mice and cultured with PCat. Subsequently, osteoclast formation and differentiation and osteoblast differentiation were observed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mice orally administered PCat displayed significantly increased femur bone mass compared to the control group. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction findings indicated that PCat addition to osteoclast progenitor cultures suppressed osteoclast formation and decreased osteoclast marker expression without affecting the proliferative potential of the osteoclast progenitor cells. Addition of PCat to osteoblast cultures increased osteoblast marker expression.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PCat inhibits osteoclast differentiation and promotes osteoblast differentiation, resulting in increased bone mass in mice. These results suggest that PCat administration is a promising treatment option for conditions associated with bone loss, including osteoporosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"Pages 196-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007924000094/pdfft?md5=4a7a4541ed05da62aaadb89935138d82&pid=1-s2.0-S1349007924000094-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139724442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}