Lingxia Mu;Yang Wei;Yuhan Jiang;Shihai Wu;Youmin Zhang;Ding Liu;Biyu Lei
{"title":"A Hybrid Degradation Prediction Model for the Flexible Shaft Pulling Device in Crystal Growth Furnace","authors":"Lingxia Mu;Yang Wei;Yuhan Jiang;Shihai Wu;Youmin Zhang;Ding Liu;Biyu Lei","doi":"10.1109/TSM.2026.3691078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSM.2026.3691078","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible shaft pulling device is a key motion device in the process of single crystal silicon preparation. The health status of the pulling device has direct influence on crystal quality. In this paper, a hybrid model is proposed for degradation prediction of the pulling device when the monitoring data is limited and with unknown statistical distribution of degradation data. Firstly, a modified filter-based degradation prediction method is designed, where a new resampling strategy is proposed to alleviate the particle degeneracy. Then, a neural network is designed to correct the potential uncertainties due to the change of the load of the pulling device. The prediction error of the filter-based method is further used to adjust the parameters of the network. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed method using both the standard dataset and data obtained from the flexible shaft pulling device.","PeriodicalId":451,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing","volume":"39 3","pages":"614-624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148694847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unified Machine Learning Framework for Process–Device–Circuit Variability Quantification of Inner Spacer Etch in GAA FETs","authors":"Om Maheshwari;Nihar Ranjan Mohapatra","doi":"10.1109/TSM.2026.3701836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSM.2026.3701836","url":null,"abstract":"The inner spacer etch (ISE) process is a critical step in gate-all-around (GAA) nanosheet FET (NsFET) fabrication that directly defines gate length, spacer thickness, and gate-to-source/drain overlap. At advanced nodes, small ISE variations can induce measurable electrical and circuit-level performance shifts, yet their impact beyond geometric deviations remains insufficiently quantified. This work presents a machine-learning driven framework that unifies process, device, and circuit analysis, enabling rapid and quantitative mapping of ISE induced variations to electrical and circuit-level performance for systematic variability quantification. The study identifies leakage current and parasitic capacitance as the most sensitive electrical parameters to ISE fluctuations. Circuit-level analysis further reveals up to 500 MHz deviation in ring oscillator frequency. By enabling fast and quantitative correlation across process, device, and circuit domains, this framework provides a scalable foundation for variability aware near-real-time design technology co-optimization (DTCO) in advanced technologies.","PeriodicalId":451,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing","volume":"39 3","pages":"410-416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148694912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeongsun Ahn;Sang-Hyun Cho;Hong-Yeon Kim;Hongyeon Kim;Hyeonjeong Choi;Dain Ham;Yongjo Kim;Hyun-Jung Kim
{"title":"A Novel Health Index Framework for Semiconductor Equipment Using Multi-View Data","authors":"Jeongsun Ahn;Sang-Hyun Cho;Hong-Yeon Kim;Hongyeon Kim;Hyeonjeong Choi;Dain Ham;Yongjo Kim;Hyun-Jung Kim","doi":"10.1109/TSM.2026.3665568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSM.2026.3665568","url":null,"abstract":"In semiconductor manufacturing, monitoring equipment status is vital in ensuring process stability and efficient equipment operation. Thus, there is an increasing need for a health index that can efficiently reflect the overall condition of the equipment as a unified metric. Previous studies have derived a health index based on real-time time-series data collected from single wafer processing, overlooking other significant perspectives essential for practical equipment monitoring. Parameters such as temperature and pressure with similar trends in time-series data of multiple consecutive wafers indicate that they are sensitive to the cumulative use of equipment and are similarly affected by equipment aging. Hence, it is necessary to consider the similarity of trends for efficient diagnosis and control. The type of physical components such as chambers, pumps, and pipes observed by each parameter is also an important criterion for accurately understanding the condition of the equipment and taking necessary actions. These can be considered as monitoring views. Therefore, this study introduces a new health index framework for monitoring semiconductor equipment, utilizing multi-view data. We propose three key views for monitoring and define multi-view data by suggesting a quantitative method to represent it in graphical form. Based on it, we propose a method for deriving the health index using an autoencoder-based approach and dynamic weighting techniques. We have validated the effectiveness of our approach with real datasets, demonstrating its potential as a valuable tool for monitoring the condition of semiconductor equipment.","PeriodicalId":451,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing","volume":"39 2","pages":"330-343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148507810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Smart Stopper-Less CMP Technology With Optical Monitors for Nano-Scale Control of the Amorphous Si Film Thickness on 3D-Structured FinFETs and GAAFETs","authors":"Yuji Kasashima;Takashi Matsukawa;Kazuya Uejima;Yoshihiro Hayashi","doi":"10.1109/TSM.2026.3678941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSM.2026.3678941","url":null,"abstract":"Stopper-less chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) technology was developed to control the thickness of amorphous Si (a-Si) for dummy gate fabrication of FinFETs and Gate-All-Around Field-Effect Transistors (GAAFETs). In this technology, two types of optical monitors were used: 1) an in situ optical spectrum sensor to measure the average a-Si thickness on a 300 mm wafer during CMP, and 2) an in-line optical critical dimension measurement system to assess the local a-Si thickness at the fin top and bottom immediately after CMP. Calibration data linking the average and local thicknesses were prepared in advance to enable a precise endpoint determination. The process achieved a variation of <4.4% in the a-Si thickness at the fin top during consecutive CMP processes, ensuring planarization and thickness control as per the FinFET and GAAFET design.","PeriodicalId":451,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing","volume":"39 2","pages":"344-349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148509194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI-Driven Optimization of Thin Film and CMP Processes in 3-D NAND Manufacturing","authors":"Hsiang-Meng Yu;Han-Yu Hsiao;Meng-Hsun Hsieh;Alex Yang;Yu-Chih Chang;Tuung Luoh;Jung-Yu Hsieh;Ling-Wuu Yang;Tahone Yang;Kuang-Chao Chen","doi":"10.1109/TSM.2026.3659914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSM.2026.3659914","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) demonstrate transformative potential in optimizing complex semiconductor manufacturing. This study addresses two critical areas: process control for 3D NAND fabrication and predictive maintenance (PdM) of fab equipment. For optimizing Thin Film deposition and Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) processes, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) capture complex, non-linear dynamics, achieving prediction accuracies up to ~91.4% for controlling surface topography and roll-off. This significantly outperforms Lasso regression (~63.8%), Transformer models (~86.5%), and other customized ML models. In PdM applications, gradient boosting frameworks like eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) deliver superior classification F1 score (exceeding 0.995) for chamber failure prediction on structured tabular data, outperforming Random Forest (0.991) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) (0.984). The enhanced performance of XGBoost stems from its sequential error-correcting tree building and effective handling of feature interactions. This work underscores the critical principle of selecting AI models aligned with data characteristics: ANNs for complex process optimization with rich feature dynamics, and tree-based ensembles like XGBoost for tabular PdM data. This tailored approach enables enhanced yield, reduced downtime, and higher operational efficiency, advocating for hybrid AI modeling in smart semiconductor Fabs.","PeriodicalId":451,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing","volume":"39 2","pages":"214-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148504446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick Stöckermann;Niels Hayen;Pierre Tassel;Alessandro Immordino;Thomas Altenmüller;Martin Gebser;Konstantin Schekotihin;Georg Seidel
{"title":"Quantifying the Global Impact of Constraint Programming-Based Local Scheduling in Semiconductor Manufacturing","authors":"Patrick Stöckermann;Niels Hayen;Pierre Tassel;Alessandro Immordino;Thomas Altenmüller;Martin Gebser;Konstantin Schekotihin;Georg Seidel","doi":"10.1109/TSM.2026.3678175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSM.2026.3678175","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of semiconductor frontend manufacturing highly depends on the optimization of resource allocation. In academic works, scheduling methods, i.e., based on Constraint Programming (CP) or Mixed Integer Programming (MIP), are popular tools for solving this optimization problem. As the problem is NP-hard, complete optimization methods do not scale to the problem size and complexity required for realistic fab-wide scheduling. Therefore, the problem is often decomposed and solved locally. While we can track the solution gap or even compute exact solutions for sufficiently small local problem instances, the fab-wide impact of decomposition strategies is yet to be determined in a realistic setting. In this work, we empirically quantify the impact of locally applied optimization on the fab-wide throughput and tardiness. For this evaluation, we use a local CP-based optimization method to compute large-scale schedules in the dynamic and stochastic environment of a semiconductor frontend manufacturing facility. We investigate the local and global impact of our method in different settings using a high-fidelity simulation environment. The results show that the CP-based scheduling method is able to significantly improve locally over advanced expert-drafted heuristics. On the global scale, we show that local optimization delivers inconsistent and varying results, stressing the need for an injection of global information into the local problem formulation.","PeriodicalId":451,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing","volume":"39 2","pages":"299-309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11456594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148506002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emad Barakat;Yeonchan Kim;Joo Pyo Hong;Seungkyung Park
{"title":"Computational Modeling and Optimization of Large-Area Showerhead Configurations in PECVD Reactors","authors":"Emad Barakat;Yeonchan Kim;Joo Pyo Hong;Seungkyung Park","doi":"10.1109/TSM.2026.3680778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSM.2026.3680778","url":null,"abstract":"This Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), a key process in semiconductor manufacturing, typically requires optimization of device geometry and operating conditions to achieve uniform deposition across large substrates, ensuring high-quality production. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) serves as a critical tool for simulating and designing flow fields; however, the complexity of device geometries, particularly in large-scale PECVD reactors with thousands to hundreds of thousands of nozzles, often poses significant challenges to numerical modeling due to substantial computational cost. In this study, we propose a novel series porous resistance model (SPRM) that significantly reduces computational cost by representing the complex nozzle geometry as simplified porous media. The SPRM provides an analogous mathematical representation for each individual nozzle without requiring the actual geometric modeling, thereby enabling efficient simulation and optimization of nozzle arrays without recreating a mesh model for each design case. The efficiency of the proposed SPRM is demonstrated through 28 distinct showerhead configurations, with flow fields and deposition characteristics evaluated and compared. The results show that the SPRM achieves up to a 90% reduction in computational load compared to conventional CFD approaches and eliminates the need for remeshing during optimization. Thus, the proposed method offers a computationally efficient pathway for the design and performance optimization of industrial-scale PECVD reactors, with potential applications in semiconductor manufacturing and other thin-film deposition processes.","PeriodicalId":451,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing","volume":"39 2","pages":"350-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148509395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TSM.2026.3673812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSM.2026.3673812","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":451,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing","volume":"39 2","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11520966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147937412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross Domain Anomaly Detection in Semiconductor Manufacturing via Projection Comparison and Reconstruction in Latent Space","authors":"Xinwei Lv;Haiyong Chen;Zhaoyang Wang","doi":"10.1109/TSM.2026.3665531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSM.2026.3665531","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic wafer manufacturing demands near-zero defects, yet anomaly detection models often fail to generalize across manufacturing lines due to domain shift caused by varying imaging devices and process conditions. This letter presents Projection Comparison and Reconstruction (PCR), a framework for cross-domain anomaly detection. Patch-based Domain Fusion mixes source and target images via grid-wise stochastic patch replacement, explicitly increasing cross-domain distribution overlap. Dual-Teacher Knowledge Distillation combines a frozen domain-agnostic teacher with a trainable adaptive teacher to obtain domain-invariant features for robust reconstruction. PCR achieves state-of-the-art performance, including an 8.07-point image-level AUROC gain on ELAD.","PeriodicalId":451,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing","volume":"39 2","pages":"372-374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147937581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}