Journal of Chinese Linguistics最新文献_第7页

Various Measures and the Distinction Of Tense and Lax Contrasts: The Case of Zhoucheng Bai 各种措施与紧张与松弛对比的区别——以白周成为例

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0131

Xuan Li, Feng Wang

{"title":"Various Measures and the Distinction Of Tense and Lax Contrasts: The Case of Zhoucheng Bai","authors":"Xuan Li, Feng Wang","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.0131","url":null,"abstract":"The acoustic characteristics of the tense and lax contrasts have been studied extensively, and different measures were attested to be related, but few of these studies discussed different measures together and explored their relationships. Three of the eight tones in Zhoucheng Bai (i.e., T2, T6, and T7) are marked as tense tones, while the rest are lax tones. Based on Electroglottographic (EGG) and acoustic signals, this paper examined eight measures, namely fundamental frequency (F0), open quotient (OQ), speed quotient (SQ), H1*-H2*, H2*-H4*, H1*-A1*, H1*-A2*, and H1*- A3*, in the data obtained from 10 Zhoucheng Bai speakers. It shows that different measures perform variously in the distinction of tense and lax contrasts. F0 well distinguishes between T6 and T1, and both EGG measures and spectral measures can differentiate between T2 and T8, but none of measures reflects the contrast of T7 and T3 for all speakers. The case of T7 and T3 suggests that the relationship between production and perception is not as straightforward as commonly assumed and needs further research. Although different measures don’t always participate in the distinction of tense and lax contrasts together and have equal contributions, they are significantly correlated with each other, which are supported by the correlation analysis. ","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138525803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Functional Load of Chinese Tones and the Tonal Evolution 汉语声调的功能负荷与声调演变

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0126

Juan Liu, Chao Kong, William S-Y. Wang

{"title":"The Functional Load of Chinese Tones and the Tonal Evolution","authors":"Juan Liu, Chao Kong, William S-Y. Wang","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.0126","url":null,"abstract":"This study calculated the functional load of Chinese tones in different contexts by using an extensive corpus and the Markov model-based “Hockett-Wang algorithm”. The results show that, compared to vowels and consonants, tones carry the smallest functional load. In tones that are associated with monosyllabic, bi-syllabic, and multi-syllabic words, the functional load is inversely related to the number of syllables in that word. In other words, the more syllables in a word, the further the functional load of tones tends to decrease. Importantly, this study reveals a close correlation between the functional load of Chinese tones and the evolution of these tones. This is evidenced by the perceived imbalance of the functional load of different tonal contrasts within contemporary Chinese, as well as by the simulation results of the drastically declining functional load of Chinese tones in diachronic. These results may suggest that the declining load of Chinese tones is indeed the underlying driver for the merger and the resulting decline in the number of Chinese tones. The conclusions of the paper may shed new light for future research in the fields of phonology, speech engineering, as well as second language teaching.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acoustic Correlates of Prominence In Kala Lizu (Tibeto-burman) 喀拉丽祖(藏缅)日珥的声学相关性

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0128

Katia Chirkova, Pei-Yu Hou, Rada Chirkova, Angélique Amelot

{"title":"Acoustic Correlates of Prominence In Kala Lizu (Tibeto-burman)","authors":"Katia Chirkova, Pei-Yu Hou, Rada Chirkova, Angélique Amelot","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.0128","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates acoustic correlates of prominence in Lizu (Tibeto-Burman). Lizu has been argued to have a hybrid prosodic system combining lexical tone on monosyllabic words and prominence patterns with stress-like and tonal characteristics on polysyllabic words, although empirical evidence is lacking. This study presents an acoustic investigation of the pitch patterns on disyllabic words in the Kala variety of Lizu (HL, HH, LH). Using the parameters of duration, intensity, and f0, it attempts to sort out different forms of prominence, and to explore their interaction with lexical tone. The measurements are taken from experimental data with eight Lizu speakers (4 male and 4 female). The acoustic results and statistical analyses suggest that the first syllable in Kala Lizu is the position of prominence in all three pitch patterns. Our results are consistent with interpreting the pitch pattern HL as more stress-like (with intensity as an acoustic correlate of stress) and the pitch patterns HH and LH as more tone-like (with stress cued by full realization of lexical tone). This study contributes to a better understanding of the prosodic organization of Kala Lizu and it also suggests methodology for further exploration of other Lizu varieties.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconstructions of Ancient Chinese Revisited: From a Perspective of Similarity Calculation on Doculects 重新审视古代汉语的重建:从文献相似度计算的视角

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0129

Qibin Ran

引用次数: 0

A Study of the Nasality of Sound of Shuangfeng Dialect 双峰方言的鼻音性研究

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0130

Xianming Bei

引用次数: 0

机遇与挑战: 论当代汉语中的外来因素及其影响机遇与挑战: 论当代汉语中的外来因素及其影响

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2022.0023

晏斌刁, 月莉卢

{"title":"机遇与挑战: 论当代汉语中的外来因素及其影响","authors":"晏斌刁, 月莉卢","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2022.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2022.0023","url":null,"abstract":"摘要:当代汉语发生的巨变,主要表现在词汇的整体结构、具体单位以及意义等方面。上述变化总体表现为对原有规范一定程度的偏离甚至突破, 反映了当代汉语的“趋新性”。对 1949 年前某些旧有形式的恢复与重新使用,则属“复旧性”变化。前者直接或间接与西方因素的影响有关,为语言发展理论提供了大量活生生的具体事实,也给社会语言学的“语言与社会共变”命题、语言变异与接触理论及语体理论等提供了最新的材料、解释与补充。上述变化给当代汉语研究带来机遇与挑战:既为观察当代语言发展变化提供了绝佳窗口,也推动当下的语言研究进入“秒时代”;另一方面,它们对传统的语言文字观、知识体系和一些具体问题的处理与认识提出挑战,需要积极应对。ABSTRACT:Great changes have taken place in contemporary Chinese, which are mainly reflected in the overall structure, specific units and meanings of vocabulary. The above-mentioned changes are generally manifested as a certain degree of deviation or even breakthrough from the original norms, reflecting the “new tendency” of contemporary Chinese; in addition, the restoration and reuse of some old forms before 1949 are “restorative” changes. The former is directly or indirectly related to the influence of western factors, providing a large number of concrete facts for the theory of language development, as well as the latest materials, explanations and supplements for the proposition of “language and social co-variation” by sociolinguistics, the theory of language variation and contact, and the theory of style, etc. The above changes have brought opportunities and challenges to contemporary Chinese research. They not only provide an excellent window for observing the development and changes of contemporary languages, but also promote the current language research into the “second era”; on the other hand, they challenge the traditional view of language and characters, knowledge system and the processing and understanding of some specific issues, which need to be actively addressed.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48517904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

湘语非完整体标记 “在屋里” 的聚焦度及其演变研究 A Study on the Focusing Degree and Evolution of the Incomplete Whole Mark "In the House" in Xiang Language

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2022.0029

芸华王

{"title":"湘语非完整体标记 “在屋里” 的聚焦度及其演变研究","authors":"芸华王","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2022.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2022.0029","url":null,"abstract":"摘要:湘语中的“在屋里”既能表示某一时点动作正在进行,也能表示某一时段动作的持续进行或惯常发生,还可以与形容词共现表示某种状态,呈现出“低聚焦”的特点。“在屋里”在演变过程中与“在这/那里” 相互竞争,经历了“高聚焦>低聚焦>零聚焦”的动态过程,其“低聚焦”性与“在这/那里”的“高聚焦”性在非完整体内部形成对立。“在屋里”的虚化受原型模型的驱动,同时隐喻、类推和重新分析等机制发挥了重要作用,其过程同时伴随主观性增强的特征。ABSTRACT:Zai wu-li (literally “in the house”) in Xiang dialect can be used to denote the progressiveness of an act in a particular time point, and the continuity or habituality of an act in a period of time, and can co-occur with adjectives to indicate a certain state. It displays a feature of low focality. Competing with zai zhe-er/na-er (meaning here/there), zai wu-li has undergone a dynamic evolution of “high focality>low focality> non-focality”, and its low focality contrasts with the high focality displayed by zai zhe-er/na-er in Xiang dialect within the imperfective system. The grammaticalization of zai wu-li is largely driven by prototype model, while mechanisms like metaphor, analogy and reanalysis also play a role. The grammaticalization process is accompanied by the enhancement of subjectivity.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45089285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

描写与比较: 廉江粤语的惯常体 Description and Comparison: The Usual Form of Lianjiang Cantonese

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2022.0028

华勇林, 华琛李, 子维钟

{"title":"描写与比较: 廉江粤语的惯常体","authors":"华勇林, 华琛李, 子维钟","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2022.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2022.0028","url":null,"abstract":"摘要:廉江粤方言存在助动词“惯 1”和体助词“惯 2”,分别位于动词前和动词后,都表惯常体意义。基于对两者细致的描写,我们认为廉江粤方言、贵港粤客方言的“惯”已由补语语法化为惯常体助词;广州话的补语“ 惯” 未能进一步语法化为惯常体助词, 其惯常体助词为“开”。汉语方言的惯常体标记经历了“补语>体助词”(如广州话的“开”,廉江话的“惯 2”)、“动词>助动词”(如廉江话的“惯 1”) 两条途径。表惯常的助动词、补语、体助词,均可视为汉语惯常范畴的表现形式。这些形式专门表示惯常意义,是惯常范畴研究的重要内容。把共时静态描写和动态演变(语法化)相结合,对方言语法现象进行测试式的描写和比较,这一“静−动”结合的描写框架,是方言语法描写研究发展的新要求。ABSTRACT:In Lianjiang Yue dialect, the auxiliary verb “guan1” and the aspect particle “guan2”, which place before and after verbs respectively, refer to habitual meaning. By investigating these two words, we find that in Lianjiang Yue dialect, Guigang Yue dialect and Hakka dialect, “guan” has grammaticalized from descriptive complement to habitual particle, while in Guangzhou dialect “guan” has not evolved in this way. The habitual particle in Guangzhou dialect is “kai”. There are two paths of grammaticalization for the habitual particles in Chinese dialect. One is from descriptive complement to habitual aspect (such as “kai” in Guangzhou dialect, and “guan2” in Lianjiang dialect), while the other is from verb to auxiliary verb (such as “guan1” in Lianjiang Yue dialect). Auxiliary verbs, descriptive complements and aspect particles referring to habitual meaning all fall into the habitual category, and they are important to the study of the habitual category in Chinese. In this paper, we examine the postverbal “guan” in Lianjiang Yue dialect within the “static– dynamic” framework of dialectal grammar research, studying its current usage as well as its evolvement. This is the new requirement for the descriptive research on dialectal grammar.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44655633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

論現代湘語中的仙先之別及其早期形式的擬測论现代湘语中的仙先之别及其早期形式的拟测

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2022.0030

瑞文吳

{"title":"論現代湘語中的仙先之別及其早期形式的擬測","authors":"瑞文吳","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2022.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2022.0030","url":null,"abstract":"摘要:本文以現代湘語方言為基礎,利用《切韻》框架探討其中存在的山攝開口三四等——亦即仙韻與先韻——的音韻區別,並根據現代湘語的實際語音表現,擬測原始湘語中這一對韻母的早期形式(proto form)。關於現代湘語是否能夠區分山攝仙先,學者間存在正反不同的意見。本文在前人的基礎上擴大比較湘語的範圍以及同源詞數量,一方面證明原始湘語中仙先的語音區別,一方面擬測其原始形式。本文的結論認為:1)現代湘語中確實保存仙先的區別,並在中古精系聲母及來母的環境下存在對立;2)根據現代湘語的語音表現,仙三在原始湘語可擬為*-iɑn, 先四則可擬為*-ian; 3)透過吳ˎ閩ˎ湘三個原始方言的比較,可以建立六朝江東方言*-iɑn 與*-ian 的對立。這個現象顯示江東方言與湘語的密切關係。ABSTRACT:Based on the framework of the Qièyùn (切韻) system, this paper explores phonological distinctions between Grade III and Grade IV of the Shān Shè (山攝) rhyme group, namely the Xiān (仙) and Xiān (先) rhyme, in Modern Xiang . Whether the Xiān (仙)/Xiān (先) distinction exists or not in modern Xiang dialects is still under debate. These different views constitute the primary research motivation of this paper. This paper concludes that:1. The Xiān (仙)/Xiān (先) distinction is indeed preserved in Modern Xiang, and the phonological contrast occurs after the initials of the Jing (精) series of Middle Chinese. 2. According to the phonetic representation in Modern Xiang, Xiān (仙) could be reconstructed as *-iɑn and Xiān (先) as *-ian. 3. By comparing with other proto dialects, we reconstruct the contrast of *- iɑn and *-ian in the old Jiangdong dialect of the Six Dynasties, which establishes the close relationship between Xiang and Jiangdong dialect in history.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48406475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“以”表“认为”义的一组例子: ——兼论“以”的“太”意义不可靠 A Set of Examples of the Meaning of "Yi" Expressing "Belief": -- Also on the Unreliable Meaning of "Tai" in "Yi"

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2022.0025

柳岸杨, 逢彬杨

{"title":"“以”表“认为”义的一组例子: ——兼论“以”的“太”意义不可靠","authors":"柳岸杨, 逢彬杨","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2022.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2022.0025","url":null,"abstract":"摘要:《孟子》“三月无君则吊,不以急乎”的“以”一般解释为“太”, 它与同书“不以泰乎”的“以”同处于“副词+以+形容词(+乎)”结构中,因而意义是一样的。后者的下文“非其道,则一箪食不可受于人;如其道,则舜受尧之天下,不以为泰。子以为泰乎”又可证明“不以泰乎”即“不以为泰乎”,从而也证明“不以急乎”即“不以为急乎”。共时文献中存在大量“以……为……”格式的句子,当“以”的宾语所指的事物、事件在紧接着的上文出现过时,该格式便衍生出“ 以为……”格式。这一格式又衍生出了“以……”格式。若干“以+形容词”和“以为+形容词”句分布条件类似,能够证明这一点。一些古汉语虚词词典中将“以、已”释为副词,意义为“太”的例子都可分解:其中“以”或为“以为”之省,或为介词,或应读为“已”; 而“已”则都是“已经”的意思。ABSTRACT:In “三月无君则吊,不以急乎” (Did not this condoling, on being three months unemployed by a ruler, show a too great urgency to you?) from Mencius, “ 以 ” is commonly interpreted as 太 (too), bearing the same connotation with the “以” in “不以泰乎” (is it too excessive), also from Mencius, in an identical structure “adverb+ 以+adjective(+ 乎)”. The contexts of “不以泰乎”, “如其道,则舜受尧之天下,不以为泰。子以为泰乎” (Shun accepted the Empire from Yao without considering it to be excessive, when it was in accordance with the Way. Or perhaps you consider even this to be excessive?) could provide an indication that “不以泰乎” means “consider even this to be excessive” and further suggests that “不以急乎” means “consider it to be a great urgency”. There has been a myriad of sentences with the pattern of “以...为...” (consider... to be..) in the synchronic literature. The pattern “以为...” (consider as...) arose from the cases where the objective of “以” in “以...为...” referred to something or event that had appeared shortly prior to the context. The pattern “以...” (consider...) derived from the pattern of “以为”. It could be well demonstrated in the similar distribution in “以+adjective” and “以为+adjective”. In some dictionaries of ancient Chinese function words, “以” and “ 已 ” as two synonym adverbs indicating “too” 太 . And yet the instances gave in the dictionary could all be dissembled: in the first cases, “以(consider)” could be regarded as omitted expression of “以为”; in the second, it could be seen as a preposition in Chinese; or it should be seen as the equivalent of “已”, bearing the meaning of “already”.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49003251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0