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The Clause-Chain and Converb In Tibetan 藏语的从句与变节
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2022.0016
Mingyuan Shao
{"title":"The Clause-Chain and Converb In Tibetan","authors":"Mingyuan Shao","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2022.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2022.0016","url":null,"abstract":"摘要:小句链和副动词是语言类型学中比较独特的从句组合形式。现代藏语 是小句链和副动词结构极其发达的语言，在藏缅语中也极具特色。东 纳藏语的小句链和副动词结构在藏语中具有代表性，其形态句法特征 主要体现为四个方面：根据小句指称的异同区分小句链结构和副动词 结构；副动词和中间动词形态根据小句叙实性与否分为两类；副动词 和中间动词要采用非限定式，而主句则采用限定式；副动词从句和中 间小句与主句主语指称可以自由互换。东纳藏语的小句链和副动词结 构，与连动结构和并列结构在一系列形态句法上区别开来。ABSTRACT:Clause-chains and converbs represent typologically distinctive ways of clause combination. Modern Tibetan has highly elaborated clause-chain and converbial structures, which are also quite unique among Tibeto-Burman languages. The clause-chain and converbial structures of Mdungnag Tibetan are representative in Tibetan, and their morphosyntactic features are mainly reflected in four aspects. In Mdungnag Tibetan, there are different markers for converbial and medial clauses depending on whether the clause is realis or irrealis. Converbial clauses and medial clauses are non-finite, while the matrix clauses are finite. Converb clauses and medial clauses can switch reference freely. The clause-chain and converbial structures of Mdungnag Tibetan are morphosyntactically distinct from conjunctive structures as well as juxtaposed structures.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48976206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Response particles hai6 in Cantonese 广东话中的反应粒子hai6
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2022.0020
L. Cheng
{"title":"Response particles hai6 in Cantonese","authors":"L. Cheng","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2022.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2022.0020","url":null,"abstract":"摘要:普通话系词\"是\"和粤语系词\"係\"均可用于肯定应答。从跨语言的 角度看，系词同时可以充当应答成分的现象并不多见。本文首先论证 \" 是\" 和\" 係\" 作肯定应答助词时应被看作回指成分， 支持 Krifka(2013)对应答助词的分析。本文进一步指出\"是\"和\"係\"可 以充当回指成分并用于肯定应答，这与二者的系词性质密不可分，两 种功能间的联系体现了系词语法化过程中的循环演变(Lohndal 2009)。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46398865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Triggering an Implied Clause: Insights from Tso in Changde Dialect 触发隐含子句:常德话左宗棠的启示
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0115
Qing Tang, Liu Han, J. Han
{"title":"Triggering an Implied Clause: Insights from Tso in Changde Dialect","authors":"Qing Tang, Liu Han, J. Han","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.0115","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that tso in Changde dialect is a sentence final particle and its use may trigger an implied clause. It is observed that tso is only allowed in a suggestive imperative, restricted to co-occurring with the adverb ɕian先 ‘first’. Besides, xa下or ta哒alternately appears in a tso-suffixed sentence. A comparison of tso in Changde dialecct to zhe in Mandarin on the one hand and to tşe in Longhui dialect on the other hand shows that tso has similarities to and differences from both. While zhe is an aspectual particle, it may also trigger an implicit meaning in [V+zhe] construction. Although both of tso and tşe can be used as sentence final particles to introduce a sequential event implicitly, the use of tso is more constrained than tşe.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43910885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the big silent appositive time in dà NP de construction in Chinese: A compositional approach. 从构图的角度看汉语句法结构中的大静默同位语时间。
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0114
Changsong Wang
{"title":"On the big silent appositive time in dà NP de construction in Chinese: A compositional approach.","authors":"Changsong Wang","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.0114","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the compositionality of [<em>dà</em> NP <em>de</em>] construction in Chinese. The NP should be a direct time-denoting NP<sub>TIME</sub> or an indirect time-denoting NPI<sub>TIME</sub>. Following Kayne (2016), we assume there is a silent TIME following <em>de</em>. Meanwhile, a less-discussed use of <em>de</em>—that is, the equational/appositional use of <em>de</em> (Chao 1968), has been revived to link the silent TIME and NP<sub>TIME</sub>/NPI<sub>TIME</sub>. This analysis of <em>de</em> helps explain why the NP is preferably time-related, as it is easier for a time-denoting NP to establish an equational/appositional relation with the silent TIME. <em>Dà</em> ‘big’ is neither a size-denoting adjective, nor an evaluative morpheme. It is analyzed as an element like the restrictive adjective very (e.g., <em>the very book</em>) in English. <em>Dà</em> modifies the appositive conjunction phrase [NP <em>de</em> TIME], bringing emphasis to the construction, which in turn imposes certain semantic and pragmatic constraints on its subsequent clauses.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43374247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Clause-Chain and Converb in Tibetan (In Chinese) 藏语中的从句链与转换
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0112
Mingyuan Shao
{"title":"The Clause-Chain and Converb in Tibetan (In Chinese)","authors":"Mingyuan Shao","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.0112","url":null,"abstract":"Clause-chains and converbs represent typologically distinctive ways of clause combination. Modern Tibetan has highly elaborated clause-chain and converbial structures, which are also quite unique among TibetoBurman languages. The clause-chain and converbial structures of Mdungnag Tibetan are representative in Tibetan, and their morphosyntactic features are mainly reflected in four aspects. In Mdungnag Tibetan, there are different markers for converbial and medial clauses depending on whether the clause is realis or irrealis. Converbial clauses and medial clauses are non-finite, while the matrix clauses are finite. Converb clauses and medial clauses can switch reference freely. The clause-chain and converbial structures of Mdungnag Tibetan are morphosyntactically distinct from conjunctive structures as well as juxtaposed structures.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45571482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relative Clauses in Archaic Chinese 古代汉语中的关系从句
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0111
Chen Zhao, Futong Zhang
{"title":"Relative Clauses in Archaic Chinese","authors":"Chen Zhao, Futong Zhang","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.0111","url":null,"abstract":"As is well known, all relative clauses in Modern Chinese are marked with de. Compared with Modern Chinese, Archaic Chinese seems to have a richer encoding for relative clauses. It has three possible relative markers: zhe, zhi and suo. In this article, we will approach to Archaic Chinese relatives from the perspective of formal syntax. We will argue that zhe is a subject relative pronoun and suo a VP internal relative pronoun, and that zhe- and suo- relatives are derived from the A’-movement of the relevant relative pronoun to the peripheral position, creating an operator-variable relation at LF. Simultaneously, we will use Cecchetto and Donati’s labeling theory to account for a peculiar phenomenon that the same relative pronoun can form both headless and headed relatives. We will further argue that the relative marker zhi, as English that, is an invariant relativizer occupying the C position, and that zhi-relatives involve null operator movement. That is to say, like English type of languages, Archaic Chinese actually involves two separate relativizing strategies: through a relative pronoun or a null operator. The article also contributes to the debate on the analysis of relatives: data from Archaic Chinese favors an Adjunction Analysis to the Raising Analysis (or Complementation Analysis) à la Kayne.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49245264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond Plural Marker: A New Approach to the Nature of -Men 们 In Linxia Dialect (In Chinese) 超越复数标记:临夏方言“男人”词性的新探
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0110
Xingbing Liu, Chunfang Min
{"title":"Beyond Plural Marker: A New Approach to the Nature of -Men 们 In Linxia Dialect (In Chinese)","authors":"Xingbing Liu, Chunfang Min","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.0110","url":null,"abstract":"After investigating the usages of -men in Linxia Dialect. It is found that -men in Linxia dialect is not only used to express plurality, but also approximation, respect, exaggeration and so on. These semantics are consistent with the uses of the plural marker in Altaic Turkic family. We believe that the special usages in Linxia dialect are the result of language contact. Different from previous scholars who think that -men is a plural marker, a meaningless affix or a topic marker, we argue that the core semantics of -men in Linxia dialect is to express “bigness”. We regard it as an augmentative marker.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48593830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Early Evidence of the Pareto Principle In Grammatical Distribution: Causative Situations in Chinese Conversational Discourse 帕累托原则在语法分布中的早期证据:汉语会话语篇中的使役情境
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0113
Danjie Su
{"title":"Early Evidence of the Pareto Principle In Grammatical Distribution: Causative Situations in Chinese Conversational Discourse","authors":"Danjie Su","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.0113","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an initial report on Pareto distribution (the 80/20 rule) of grammatical constructions; namely, about 20% of the types of grammatical constructions for causative situations account for about 80% of the uses in conversation. I use a data-driven approach to investigate the grammatical constructions that Chinese L1 speakers choose in spontaneous talk show conversations to describe causative situations. I identify two specific Pareto distributional patterns. 1) The distribution of all 22 constructions for causative situations constitutes a Pareto ABC diagram with the A-class (ba-; unmarked passive; rang-; bei-; resultative; gei-) containing 27.3% of the types but accounting for 88.8% of all the 1,497 uses. 2) Most uses of a grammatical construction come from a small set of subtypes: The full baaccounts for 87.9% of all ba- uses; the reduced bei- accounts for 86.8%; 37.5% of rang- subtypes account for 84.2%. These patterns can be explained by the Lens concept. I conclude that a few constructions account for most grammatical choices of L1 Chinese speakers in conversation. Understanding these grammatical distributions in natural discourse can improve the efficiency and efficacy of language teaching and Natural Language Processing (NLP).","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47922771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
On the Biological Basis of Prosody: A Response to Duanmu's Rhythmic Analysis 论韵律的生物学基础——兼评端木的韵律分析
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0109
Shengli Feng
{"title":"On the Biological Basis of Prosody: A Response to Duanmu's Rhythmic Analysis","authors":"Shengli Feng","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.0109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41828959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Turning the Tide: Reversing Heritage Language Attrition and Shift in a Chinese American Family 力挽狂澜：扭转华裔家庭中传统语言的流失与变迁
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0108
Yen-Hui Audrey Li, S. Matthews
{"title":"Turning the Tide: Reversing Heritage Language Attrition and Shift in a Chinese American Family","authors":"Yen-Hui Audrey Li, S. Matthews","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.0108","url":null,"abstract":"Families immigrating to English-speaking countries, such as Chinese families in the USA, typically undergo language shift to English within three generations. In principle, however, language shift can be reversed, as documented in the case of certain endangered languages. In a case study of a three-generation Chinese American family, we show how heritage language attrition and inter-generational language shift can be reversed. The birth of a third generation motivates the second-generation parents to resume speaking and acquiring Chinese. Awareness of the advantages of bilingualism and recognition of a Chinese American identity lead the second-generation parents to transmit Chinese language and culture to the third generation.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46602440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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