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The origin of the adjectival and adverbial mulaolao in Wu Chinese 吴语形容词和副词 "木老 "的起源
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a934138
Huayun Wang, Jianguo Xiong, Cenhong Luo
{"title":"The origin of the adjectival and adverbial mulaolao in Wu Chinese","authors":"Huayun Wang, Jianguo Xiong, Cenhong Luo","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a934138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a934138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The word <i>mulaolao</i> (木佬佬) in Wu Chinese first appeared in written documents published during the period of the former Republic of China. It originated in Hangzhou dialect and spread to other regions such as Ningbo Taizhou, Jinhua, and Shanghai. In Hangzhou dialect, <i>mulaolao</i> serves both adjectival and adverbial purposes, and it is believed to have derived from the expressive adjective <i>manlaolao</i> (蛮老老). In <i>manlaolao</i>, the suffix - <i>laolao</i> (老老) intensifies the degree of a state or property and is written as “佬佬” due to its uncertain etymology. The man (蛮) part originally meant “rude and unreasonable” or “doughty” but has evolved to also mean “many”. In its weakened form, it underwent a checkedization1 process and was consequently pronounced as <i>mu </i>and written with a homophonous character “木”. The adjectival form of <i>mulaolao</i> is widely used, but in adverbial positions, it underwent semantic bleaching to become an adverb and fused into <i>mao</i> (冒). The adverbial usage of <i>mulaolao</i> is less prevalent among younger speakers.</p>","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141777210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From analogies to negativity: Pragmatic functions and stance expression of subjective counterfactual ruguo sentence. (In Chinese) 从类比到否定：主观反事实鲁国句的语用功能和句式表达。中文
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a934139
Zengwen Song, Xiaoli Wan
{"title":"From analogies to negativity: Pragmatic functions and stance expression of subjective counterfactual ruguo sentence. (In Chinese)","authors":"Zengwen Song, Xiaoli Wan","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a934139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a934139","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The “Ruguo(如果)” sentence refers to a conditional complex sentence connected by the hypothetical association word “Ruguo( 如果)”. The counterfactual “Ruguo(如果)” sentence includes subjective and objective counterfactual sentence. The judgment of subjective counterfactuality depends on semantic recognition and logical derivation. According to the objective truth and falsehood of the previous and last clause, we can divide the subjective counterfactual “Ruguo( 如 果 )” sentence into 4 categories: A true B false, A true B true or false, A true or false B true, A true or false B false. The pragmatic deriving mode can be summarized as containing both derivation and implicit derivation. The subjective counterfactual “Ruguo(如果)” sentence has the function of expressing stance, including explicit analogies and implicit negation. </p>","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141777214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Word Frequency Modulates the Selection of Semantic Access Pathways of Spoken Words in the Second Language 词汇频率调节第二语言中口语词汇语义通路的选择
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a933424
Hao Yan, Yingying Huang, Yanqin Feng, Limin Zhang, Yanlong Zhang, Anna Zhen, Jie Dong
{"title":"Word Frequency Modulates the Selection of Semantic Access Pathways of Spoken Words in the Second Language","authors":"Hao Yan, Yingying Huang, Yanqin Feng, Limin Zhang, Yanlong Zhang, Anna Zhen, Jie Dong","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a933424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a933424","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most second language (L2) learners comprehend words more difficult in its spoken form than the written form (Bekleyen 2009). Based on the findings of previous studies, we assumed that word frequency and language proficiency may be two critical factors in spoken word identification. To investigate how these two factors modulate L2 spoken word identification, we recruited Chinese-English bilinguals with different English proficiency levels, and manipulated words’ orthographic consistency, and word frequency. Our results supported the phonological restructuring account, it suggested that only high frequency L2 spoken words can achieve phonological restructuring and rely on orthographic information to access meaning. The less frequently used word has a weak spelling-sound connection, leaving the primitive sound-meaning route the only choice. This effect may be unrelated to language proficiency, the order that orthographic and phonological information is acquired, or the language system. Altogether, these results revealed that Chinese-English bilinguals rely on both the direct route and the orthography-mediation route to process L2 spoken words. The choice of which route is modulated by word frequency.</p>","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Resumptive View of the Cantonese Dummy keoi5 Revisited 重温广东话假名 keoi5 的复古观点
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a933425
Jackie Yan-Ki Lai, Lawrence Yam-Leung Cheung, Yenan Sun
{"title":"The Resumptive View of the Cantonese Dummy keoi5 Revisited","authors":"Jackie Yan-Ki Lai, Lawrence Yam-Leung Cheung, Yenan Sun","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a933425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a933425","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article compares the resumptive and expletive views on an understudied use of the Cantonese pronoun <em>keoi5</em>. We demonstrate that the resumptive view as recently proposed in Yip and Ahenkorah (2022) raises a number of complications, and the so-called dummy <em>keoi5</em> is better analyzed as a non-subject expletive, in line with traditional descriptions in Matthews and Yip (1994/2011).</p>","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ethnic Integration and Evolution of the Phonological Features of Northern Standard Chinese Language 民族融合与北方标准语语音特征的演变
IF 0.2 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a933423
Weimin Wang
{"title":"Ethnic Integration and Evolution of the Phonological Features of Northern Standard Chinese Language","authors":"Weimin Wang","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a933423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a933423","url":null,"abstract":"民族融合往往伴随着语言接触和语言转换。“民族融合”的过程就是将北方标准汉语“重塑”为族际共同语进而成为民族共同语的过程。只有基于以阿尔泰语为主的北方诸民族语音系规则和音韵结构特征重新思考并深入研究以阿尔泰为主的北方诸民族在转用汉语过程中对汉语形成的干扰和影响，才能理解民族共同语是在民族融合过程中汉族与其他民族共同塑造的语言共同体。在民族共同语形成的过程中，民族语者不仅是民族共同语的传播者，也是民族共同语的共同塑造者。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acoustic Patterns in Hong Kong Cantonese Hesitation Markers: Vowel Quality and Omnisyllabic Tone 香港粤语停顿标记的声学模式：元音质量和全音节音调
IF 0.2 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a933144
Robert Marcelo Sevilla
{"title":"Acoustic Patterns in Hong Kong Cantonese Hesitation Markers: Vowel Quality and Omnisyllabic Tone","authors":"Robert Marcelo Sevilla","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a933144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a933144","url":null,"abstract":"犹豫标记置身语言学与副语言学的边界，占据一个既有跨语言共性又具特定语言特征的区域(Candea et al. 2005; Dingemanse and Woensdregt 2020)。本研究旨在透过分析犹豫标记在香港粤语中，包含元音音色及F0的声学特性，扩充对这些语义周边项目的理解。Dingemanse and Woensdregt(2020)最近的研究论及犹豫标记有跨语言声学相似性，亦受制于各语言对自身的音段音韵学的持守。不过，香港粤语作为“全音节语言”(Matisoff 1995)，每个音节均附上声调，犹豫标记应如何纳入香港粤语的声调音韵学，这仍不清楚。本研究从理工大学中文口语语料库(PolyU Corpus of Spoken Chinese, http://wongtaksum.no-ip.info:81/corpus.htm)集结F0、F1–F2及时长的声学资料，横跨十位语者，共196个犹豫标记，与525个词汇作比较分析。F1–F2的结果围绕半开前元音/ɛ/丛集，与跨语言趋势及香港粤语音韵学均能匹配。F0的结果则丛集于近乎最低的音高，接近调三及调六，合乎最少付出倾向的预想。可是，要与特定字词声调建立联系仍很复杂，因为调三及调六相似，不能以统计学区分。夸语者分析显示F0有相当变化，提示语境、语调或个人习语变化可能有重大影响。这对理解全音节语言如粤语如何应对犹豫标记等等周边项目有所提示。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Historical Phonological Explanation of the Mutual Connection Between the * Et and * It Rhyme Groups: A Study on the Phonetic Changes / 月2部、质部相通的历史音变解释 * Et 和 * It 韵组之间相互联系的历史音变解释：音变研究 / 月 2 部、质部相通的历史音变解释
IF 0.2 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a933143
Tiangang Bian
{"title":"Historical Phonological Explanation of the Mutual Connection Between the * Et and * It Rhyme Groups: A Study on the Phonetic Changes / 月\u00002部、质部相通的历史音变解释","authors":"Tiangang Bian","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a933143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a933143","url":null,"abstract":"月\u00002部 *et、质部 *it原本是泾渭分明的不同韵部，后来能够跨部相通，\u0000是历史音变的结果和反映。两部相通萌芽于西汉，显著于东汉，主要\u0000集中在三、四等韵。两部入声四等韵相通，是 质 屑 、 月 2屑 合流为中古\u0000《切韵》四等屑韵的先声；两部去声四等韵相通，是质 霁 、 月 2霁 合流\u0000为 中古《切韵》四等霁韵的先声。两部三等韵相通主要集中在舌齿音\u0000声母，但不见于河洛雅音，可能是方音现象，中古《切韵》音系中薛\u0000韵字的质韵异读，以及祭韵字的至韵异读，可能源自该方言创新音变\u0000的影响。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Y. R. Chao's Fāngyīn diàochá biǎogé and Its Role in the Evolution of Chinese Dialect Research Methodology Y.晁衡的 Fāngyīn diàochá biǎogé 及其在汉语方言研究方法演变中的作用
IF 0.2 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a933422
Richard Simmons
{"title":"Y. R. Chao's Fāngyīn diàochá biǎogé and Its Role in the Evolution of Chinese Dialect Research Methodology","authors":"Richard Simmons","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a933422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a933422","url":null,"abstract":"在完成其具有里程碑意義的《現代吳語的研究》兩年之後，趙元任於1930年出版了《方音調查表格》。該表格的完成，無疑源自實地調查的寶貴經驗，因而有意付梓，供全國各地方言調查使用。例如，在湖北進行田野調查時——其成果正是趙元任與丁聲樹、楊時逢、吳宗濟、董同龢一同編纂的《湖北方言調查報告》——趙元任和助手們便一定使用了這一表格。可以說，該表格歷來都是漢語方言調查不可或缺的基礎工具，即《方言調查字表》的範本和靈感來源。“表格”和“字表”均採用了《切韻》(成書於601年)的語音系統，因此被認為代表了中古音系。近年來，趙元任先生的學生羅傑瑞(Jerry Norman)在去世之前提出了一個與現代漢語方言的《切韻》來源說不同的新概念。他認為，漢語方言歷史上存在兩個主要的發展階段：一個是早期漢語(Early Chinese)階段，該階段在中古漢語之前，包含閩方言的祖先語言；另一個則是其後的一個階段，即漢語方言通音(Common Dialectal Chinese / CDC)，該階段代表那些僅見於除閩語以外其他主流漢語方言的語音變化。本研究對“表格”和“通音”的語音系統進行了比較，力求揭示兩位學者對漢語方言音系的各自理解，並探討兩大系統在領域內的適用性。我們發現，兩者都深受歷史因素的影響，且都假定了祖先語言形式，以揭示方言間的歷時關係。其中，區分二者的一個重要特徵是如何處理聲母的齒唇化。可以看到，“表格”呈現的是齒唇化之前的語音階段，齒唇化在主流漢語方言中廣泛存在，但在閩方言中卻沒有發生。相較之下，齒唇化在“通音”所代表的漢語階段中，卻是一個重要的特徵。因此，這一特徵便成為了由漢至宋，漢語方言在演變過程中發生的一系列分水嶺式變化的例證。而正是這些變化，塑造了今天我們所看到的漢語方言形態及其多樣性，而它們也反映在羅傑瑞的“早期漢語”和“漢語方言通音”的差異中。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigating Dayue : An LFG-OT Approach to Its Subcategorization and Structure 调查大禹 ：用 LFG-OT 方法研究大月氏的分类和结构
IF 0.2 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a933145
Yu-Ching Tseng
{"title":"Investigating Dayue : An LFG-OT Approach to Its Subcategorization and Structure","authors":"Yu-Ching Tseng","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a933145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a933145","url":null,"abstract":"本文探討了「大約」的子類別和結構，採用詞彙功能語法–優選理論 (LFG-OT)方法來解釋該詞的不同用法。文章認為，大約可以歸為副詞或介詞類別，取決於其作用於句式中之功能和結構。作為副詞，大約直接修飾其後的從句成分或量化短語。作為介詞，大約接受名詞短語或介詞短語作為補語，在附加位置出現。由於大約的子類別和相關的論元結構可能產生歧義，導致不同輸入含義生成同樣語言形式為最佳輸出，而每個歧義對應不同的成分結構。本文採用詞彙功能語法–優選理論方法來解釋大約的結構。詞彙功能語法使用不同語言層次表現語法，而優選理論根據不同種類的制約條件之間的相互作用和排名來評估語言形式。忠實性制約條件確保詞彙、功能和句法層次之間的忠實映射。標記制約條件要求語言結構良好。經濟制約條件追求簡潔高效的表達方式。對齊制約條件將論元映射到成分結構中。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phonation types and morpho-phonological structure as linguistic prerequisites of tonogenesis 作为音调发生的语言先决条件的发音类型和形态-语音结构
IF 0.3 3区 文学
Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.a924698
Xiaonong Zhu
{"title":"Phonation types and morpho-phonological structure as linguistic prerequisites of tonogenesis","authors":"Xiaonong Zhu","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.a924698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.a924698","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper provides a systematic account of tonogenesis. The emergence of tone is a process of pitch upgrading from an accompanying feature of phonation types to a distinctive feature. It involves three linguistic processes: various phonation types, clear, breathy, falsetto, etc., which intrinsically induce pitch differences; sonorous monosyllabic morpheme structure that enhances the pitch differences; and phonologization, which conceptualizes the enhanced pitch differences to a phonological category, tone. A flowchart is designed to show how the preconditions lead to different phono morphological types of the world’s languages and finally output tone and its later development Furthermore, the geographic distributions and ecological constraints of non-modal voices and tone are explored </p>","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140589662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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