Journal of Chinese Linguistics最新文献_第9页

The Clause-Chain and Converb in Tibetan (In Chinese) 藏语中的从句链与转换

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0112

Mingyuan Shao

引用次数: 0

Beyond Plural Marker: A New Approach to the Nature of -Men 们 In Linxia Dialect (In Chinese) 超越复数标记:临夏方言“男人”词性的新探

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0110

Xingbing Liu, Chunfang Min

引用次数: 0

Early Evidence of the Pareto Principle In Grammatical Distribution: Causative Situations in Chinese Conversational Discourse 帕累托原则在语法分布中的早期证据:汉语会话语篇中的使役情境

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0113

Danjie Su

{"title":"Early Evidence of the Pareto Principle In Grammatical Distribution: Causative Situations in Chinese Conversational Discourse","authors":"Danjie Su","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2017.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2017.0113","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an initial report on Pareto distribution (the 80/20 rule) of grammatical constructions; namely, about 20% of the types of grammatical constructions for causative situations account for about 80% of the uses in conversation. I use a data-driven approach to investigate the grammatical constructions that Chinese L1 speakers choose in spontaneous talk show conversations to describe causative situations. I identify two specific Pareto distributional patterns. 1) The distribution of all 22 constructions for causative situations constitutes a Pareto ABC diagram with the A-class (ba-; unmarked passive; rang-; bei-; resultative; gei-) containing 27.3% of the types but accounting for 88.8% of all the 1,497 uses. 2) Most uses of a grammatical construction come from a small set of subtypes: The full baaccounts for 87.9% of all ba- uses; the reduced bei- accounts for 86.8%; 37.5% of rang- subtypes account for 84.2%. These patterns can be explained by the Lens concept. I conclude that a few constructions account for most grammatical choices of L1 Chinese speakers in conversation. Understanding these grammatical distributions in natural discourse can improve the efficiency and efficacy of language teaching and Natural Language Processing (NLP).","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47922771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

On the Biological Basis of Prosody: A Response to Duanmu's Rhythmic Analysis 论韵律的生物学基础——兼评端木的韵律分析

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0109

Shengli Feng

引用次数: 0

Turning the Tide: Reversing Heritage Language Attrition and Shift in a Chinese American Family 力挽狂澜：扭转华裔家庭中传统语言的流失与变迁

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0108

Yen-Hui Audrey Li, S. Matthews

引用次数: 0

On the Syntax of the Negative Marker mei6 in Cantonese 论粤语否定标记mei6的句法

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0107

Sze-wing Tang

引用次数: 2

Front vowel chain shift and the vowel rephonologization in Early Middle Chinese 中古早期汉语前元音链移与元音复音

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2022.0009

Yong Zhao

{"title":"Front vowel chain shift and the vowel rephonologization in Early Middle Chinese","authors":"Yong Zhao","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2022.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2022.0009","url":null,"abstract":"摘要:中古前期，汉语通语语音史上，与后高化链移相伴，发生了前高化链移。此次前高化是推链，启动较后高化略晚，也在东汉。比较前后高化链移，可以观察到对称和不对称的音变输出格局。前高化链移引起一系列元音的系统重组，表现为歌1 歌3 部、支歌2 部、脂2 脂1 部的分化、合并，其间还掺入微1 微2 部、之部的前化与合流，至中古形成麻二佳皆麻三支脂齐韵。《切韵》格局的佳齐韵形成于刘宋时期，皆韵形成在刘宋时期之后，支脂韵形成则不早于晋代。前高化链移形态不完整，属于局部链移。汉语元音系统构型调整发生于长元音高化开始之后，短元音长化完成之前。ABSTRACT:In the history of Chinese general language, with the back vowel raised chain shift, the front vowel raised chain shift occurred in the early period of the Middle Ancient. This front raising is a push chain started slightly later than the back vowel raised chain shift which also happened in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Comparing the front and back vowel raised chain shift, the symmetrical and non-symmetric sound-change output patterns can be observed. A series of vowel rephonologization resulted from front vowel raised chain shift was characterized by the differentiation and merging of rhyme groups Ge1 歌1 Ge3 歌3, Zhi 支 Ge2 歌2, and Zhi2 脂2 Zhi1 脂1, which formed Ma-Er 麻二, Jia 佳, Jie 皆, Ma-San 麻三, Zhi 支, Zhi 脂, and Qi 齐 rhymes in the Middle Ancient with fronting and collaboration of rhyme groups Wei1 微1 Wei2 微2 and Zhi 之. As for the patterns in Qieyun 切韵 of rhymes, Jia 佳 and Qi 齐 were shaped in Liu Song Dynasty, while the formation of Jie 皆 rhyme was after the Liu Song, and the Zhi 支 and Zhi 脂 rhymes were not earlier than the Jin Dynasty. The form of front vowel raised chain shift is incomplete and belongs to localized chain shift. The structural adjustment of Chinese vowel system occurred after the start of the long vowel raising and before the completion of the short vowel lengthening.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":"50 1","pages":"231 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41520300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The musical language of Yuen Ren Chao: A cultural and empirical study of the modernization of Chinese music 袁仁超的音乐语言：中国音乐现代化的文化与实证研究

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2022.0003

Ivan Yifan Zou, William S-Y. Wang

{"title":"The musical language of Yuen Ren Chao: A cultural and empirical study of the modernization of Chinese music","authors":"Ivan Yifan Zou, William S-Y. Wang","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In the Chinese art song repertoire, \"How can I help but think of you\" has long enjoyed enormous prestige since its publication in the 1920s. The song is memorable not only because of its innovative use of language by Liu Bannong in the lyrics but also because of the ingenious arrangement of tonalities, forms, and melodies by Chao Yuen Ren in the music. This essay will be devoted to a cultural and empirical analysis of the song, with the aim of understanding the efforts made by eminent scholars at the early stage of modernization of Chinese music and language. To this end, we will first explore how the lyrics are structured phonetically and syntactically. Tonal complexity and ambiguity in the music will then be analyzed, followed by the discussion of qǐ-chéng-zhuǎn-hé in the musical form. The pentatonicism embedded in the song and its relationship with what generally makes music \"sound Chinese\" will also be examined. In the end, we will also review an essential concept, yìjìng (or mindscape), in Chinese aesthetics and philosophy to better appreciate how various components in the music and lyrics together contribute to the aesthetic success of the song.摘要:在中国艺术歌曲曲目中，《教我如何不想他》自上世纪 20 年代发表以来便一直享有极高的声誉。作品中刘半农创造性的语言用法让人耳目一新，而赵元任融汇中西的和声技法及曲式运用更是中国音乐近代化的代表性诠释。本文旨在通过对该歌曲的文化与实证分析，探讨中国音乐和语言中的近代化元素。我们首先对歌词的语音语义以及篇章结构进行分析，然后在中西方乐理的比较框架下研究音乐的调性、曲式结构以及旋律构成。其中我们将具体讨论曲中转调的丰富性、离调的歧义性、起承转合的运用以及五声调式与中国风音乐的关系。最后，我们还将分析歌曲音乐背后所体现的中国传统美学中的一个关键概念——意境。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":"50 1","pages":"39 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41776924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A probe-goal approach to the minimality effect in Chinese modifier V-de construction 汉语修饰语V-de结构的极小效应探究-目标分析

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2022.0004

Zhe Chen

{"title":"A probe-goal approach to the minimality effect in Chinese modifier V-de construction","authors":"Zhe Chen","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Mandarin Chinese has a modifier [V-de X] construction with a cluster of properties: X is both syntactically and semantically a predicate of the event denoted by V, unique per clause and demonstrably in the complement position of V. Whereas these properties collectively set X apart from postverbal adverbials in European languages, X not only can be interpreted as if it were one of a wide range of adverb classes but also interacts with actual preverbal adverbials of certain types and yields a minimality effect. We present an explanation that makes use of the probe-goal theory of syntactic dependencies and the association of adverb classes adv to their corresponding licensing heads H. It will be shown that the morpheme -de embodies agreement between adv and H. When coupled with a strict Kayne-style clausal structure that Chinese has, this characterization of -de helps explain all the properties of the modifier [V-de X] construction.摘要:传统语法中描写性补语结构[V-de X]中的 X 有一系列区别于印欧语中动词后副词的特征：X 是谓词性成分，语义上描述事件的特征，这些特征不仅限于表示频率、方式和结果等对应于印欧语言中低位副词的特征，也可指事件施事者特征及对事件的评论等高位副词特征；在句法上 X 是动词 V 的唯一补足语。在此基础上，本文发现此结构中动词前出现 A-de 类副词时，A-de 类副词只能是比 X 更高位的副词而不能是更低位的副词，本文认为这是极近效应的作用，并用目标–探针理论对这种现象进行了解释：语素 de 语义上表修饰，句法上激发修饰语 A/X（探针）与核心词 H（目标）之间一致关系的确立，位于 X 的 C-统治域内的低位副词 A 会阻断 X 搜寻到相对应的核心词 H 因而产生极近效应。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":"50 1","pages":"102 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45708725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A unified study of verbal and adjectival -haa5 in Cantonese 广东话动词和形容词-haa5的统一研究

IF 0.3 3区文学

Journal of Chinese Linguistics Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2022.0006

Qingwen Zhang, Jinwei Ye

{"title":"A unified study of verbal and adjectival -haa5 in Cantonese","authors":"Qingwen Zhang, Jinwei Ye","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:-Haa5 (吓) 'a bit' is a frequently used affix attached to verbal and adjectival phrases in Cantonese. The investigation of the distributions, grammatical properties and functions of -haa5 reveals that all usages of -haa5 are derived from its original meaning 'a stroke, a bit, or a tiny amount'. The distributions of -haa5 are highly restricted: predicates eligible to co-occur with -haa5 are verbs/adjectives with an innate event/degree argument, excluding those whose semantics are of extreme/polarity reading. The function of -haa5 is to delimit events when following verb phrases (henceforth VPs) and make slight adjustments of degree when attached to adjective phrases (henceforth APs). Moreover, -haa5 is of the function of subjectivity encoding. -Haa5 has been grammaticalized from a verb classifier, event delimiter/degree adjuster to a subjectivity marker and is syntactically at the left periphery of the extended projection of predicative lexical categories.摘要:\"-吓\"是粤语动词和形容词短语之后经常出现的一个后缀。通过对 \"-吓\"的句法分布、语法性质和功能的研究，本文发现\"-吓\"的所有用法都源自其\"一下\"的初始意义。\"-吓\"的句法分布非常受限：能与\"-吓\"合法共现的谓词都是内含事件/程度论元的动词/形容词，并且这些谓词不能包含极限/极项意义。当附着在动词短语之后时， \"-吓\"的功能是切分事件，当它出现在形容词短语后时，其作用是对形容词表达的程度意义进行细微调整。除此之外，\"-吓\"还能表达说话者的主观判断。我们认为粤语的\"-吓\"已经完成了从动量词、事件切分/程度调节成分到主观性标记的语法化，它在句法上处于谓词性词汇短语扩展投射的左边界位置。","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":"50 1","pages":"140 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46714687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0