Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World最新文献

{"title":"Manipulating the image of ‘Kyiv Rus’ in English-language publications of Russia Today (RT) media resource","authors":"O. Moiseienko, D. Mazin","doi":"10.17721/2520-6397.2021.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2021.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the first analysis of linguistics strategies in representing and manipulating with the image of the medieval state “Kyivan Rus” in English-language publications of the Russia Today (RT), a multilingual Russian media resource propagating ideological views of the contemporary Russian state. The claims of the neoimperial Russian iscourse to exert an exclusive historical and political right over the ancient state of Kyivan Rus has been revealed. The application of the relevant media frames helped to identify linguistic and rhetorical tools aimed at building the planned ideology and ruling the reception of non-critical readers. The conducted analysis of the narratives based on the main contexts of using the image of “Kyivan Rus” in RT-publications helped to discover the list of the basic language strategies of manipulation with historical concepts, in particular the strategies of attacking and insulting the opponent, argumentum ad authority, dominating close-ended questions, or imposing forged relations between the signifier and its far-fetched interpretation. The context of the contemporary Russia and the context of the contemporary Ukraine were distinguished in the RT’s publications on Kyivan Rus. The research analysis confirms a targeted use of rhetorical tools by Russain media in order to voluntarily disrupt the historical discourse for neo-imperial objectives. The implemented study has also helped to clarify the immense difficulty of the Russian ideologists to prove their unique possessive legacy over the Kyivan Rus state, which is the direct predecessor of the Ukrainian state. The latter explains the aggressive and abusive nature of the publications in the Russia Today, undoubtedly oriented at non-critical readers. Further analysis of other English-language media messages will be useful to deepen the understanding of the exploited linguistic and rhetorical strategies in the contemporary ideological and political discourse.","PeriodicalId":443655,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127033866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MEANS OF SUGGESTIBILITY AND THEIR EVOLUTION STAGES IN ARABIC SOCIO-POLITICAL ARTICLES","authors":"V. Dudin","doi":"10.17721/2520-6397.2019.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2019.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"With the dawn of printed press on the shores of the Arabic speaking world, the methods\u0000of impacting an individual’s cognition have been changed for the first time in many centuries. The rise of political and socio-political press in the region overall and in Egypt in particular was likely a by-product of Western intervention in the region, more specifically, Napoleon Bonaparte’s campaign resulting in his temporary control of Egypt. It too was Napoleon who created the first publishing houses in Egypt and it was his political views that were being spread through them. Expanding in detail on multiple sources to delve into the relevant periods, we have worked through numerous newspapers and publishers of socio-political articles in the Middle East and have noticed that Egyptian newspapers have managed to be representative of the Arab speaking printed press in the region. Egyptian editori- als have showcased the forefront of suggestive means with the purpose of leaving an imprint on the reader’s cognition, despite the fact that Egypt was not the first nation with a printed press capable of printing in Arabic. In this study we utilise quotes and examples from a range of socio-political press articles, dated as far back as 1967, as we provide examples backing our hypotheses for the changes in suggestive tactics used by the authors and editorials in their relevant periods. However, our goal in this article was not to focus on the suggestive means themselves in depth, but to rather provide evi- dence pointing to the fact that these suggestive methods have in fact undergone a process of evolution in their own right, changing with time and thus becoming more advanced and author-specific in the process. The possibility to spread a specific subjective position of an author in society without a need for speeches and the accompanying crowds became one of the defining factors to impact and shape the Arab speaking society since the XIX century. The efficacy of suggestive means in printed media has remained in present days with further evolution imminent due to the digitalisation of information, thus making suggestibility a more important aspect of printed press to explore than ever before.","PeriodicalId":443655,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123051413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHRASEOLOGICAL PARALLELS OF GERMAN AND UKRAINIAN LANGUAGES","authors":"W. I. Antonenko, O. Pavlychko","doi":"10.17721/2520-6397.2019.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2019.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on issues associated with German and Ukrainian comparative phraseology. It provides comparative analyses of phraseological units in the German language with respect to their equivalents in the Ukraine language. The importance of phraseology is examined when forming communicative competencies in multicultural educational processes.\u0000\u0000Practically oriented research of contrastive phraseology includes three aspects: compilation of bilingual (multilingual) dictionaries (lexicography), translation and teaching of a foreign language. In this article we consider the phraseological parallels of the German and Ukrainian languages, focusing on the third aspect, namely the study of phraseology as one of the components of the study of a foreign language.\u0000\u0000In the study of the material of the German and Ukrainian languages in terms of their comparison (translation), the following groups of phraseological units can be distinguished: phraseological units with phraseological equivalents in German and Ukrainian languages – full equivalents that coincide in meaning, lexical composition, figurativeness, grammatical structure and stylistic coloring. In such units, the lexical and grammatical meaning fully coincide. Phraseological units with partial phraseological equivalents in the German and Ukrainian languages. The third group includes the phraseological units of the German language, which have no phraseological equivalents in the Ukrainian language. The transfer of the value of similar phraseological units is carried out in the following ways:\u0000\u0000Literal translation. This applies primarily to idioms denoting realities and which are absent in other languages. Descriptive translation. The phraseological meaning is transmitted using ordinary words or phrases of a non-phrasal nature. In a descriptive translation, phraseological units lose their figurativeness, and only the general phraseological meaning (that is, the figurative meaning) is transmitted.\u0000\u0000The analysis showed that most of the phraseological units of the German and Ukrainian languages are either equivalent, partially equivalent, or similar language units. The second most productive group of phraseological units refers to language units that are not equivalent in both languages. Comparison of the studied units of both languages belongs to the most important problems of general lexicography and phraseography.\u0000\u0000When studying the phraseology of a foreign language, a very important role is played by the native language. It is advisable to build on comparative (contrastive) phraseology. Comparison of German and Ukrainian phraseological units makes it possible to investigate the inter-lingual and foreign-language aspects of the phraseology of these languages. The knowledge gained in comparative phraseology is necessary in translation, as well as in teaching German.","PeriodicalId":443655,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126178059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SLANG AS A METALANGUAGE VARIABLE IN THE HISTORICAL AND COMPARATIVE ASPECTS","authors":"D. Borys","doi":"10.17721/2520-6397.2019.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2019.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the term slang in the light of its polysemantic nature in English, Ukrainian, Polish, Hungarian, French, Italian, and Spanish language studies. Approaches to defining slang in English are specified and systematized. Interlingual semantic equivalents utilized to name English slang counterparts in the other six analyzed national language terminological systems are established.","PeriodicalId":443655,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124430356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MENTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SUBORDINATE CONCEPT “WORK” (PART 2)","authors":"L. Naumenko","doi":"10.17721/2520-6397.2019.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2019.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to cognitive analysis of the professional concept “work” as a subordinate concept of the macroconcept “business” connected with it by semantic notional relations. The inner form of the word-nominator work, its derivative, semantic, word-building, text-сomposing potentials, theoretical rethinking in scientific research, as well as semantic links with other possible names of the concept have been studied. It has been developed the architectonics of the concept, i.e. its notional, sense (sense centers / semantic kernels), imagery (image-stereotype “working woman” in its two formats – prototypical image and evaluative stereotype) and schematic (action frame which includes cause, contact action and characterization relations) components.","PeriodicalId":443655,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128233024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecolinguistic Approaches to the Study of German-Language Media Space","authors":"I. Piankovska","doi":"10.17721/2520-6397.2022.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2022.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"The article covers the concepts of media linguistics and media ecology as the leading areas of modern media studies, their terminology and issues. Different approaches to the definition of media ecology are given and its role and tasks in different spheres of life are indicated. The scientific achievements of some Ukrainian and German linguists and media experts in the field of studying the German media space are analyzed in order to find ways of positive influence of mass media on society, in particular the influence of media ecology on media competence, cultural and ethical norms, communication between all members of society. The importance of studying the strategies and tactics of the influence of the media on the consolidation and isolation processes in society is emphasized. In addition, the article provides a linguistic analysis of the coverage of one of the most pressing global problems of today – coronavirus vaccination – in the German media source “ZEIT ONLINE” in order to establish its impact on the life of German society. In particular, the most commonly used lexical items and phrases are identified, which reflect the main topics of this problem, namely: compulsory vaccination, attitude of citizens to vaccination, dismissal of unvaccinated citizens from work or even dismissal, vaccination of children, government measures to prevent coronavirus and more. It is established that the coverage of the problem of vaccination in the German media is a clear example of the isolating impact of the media on society, as this issue is debatable and causes a lot of controversy during the discussion. In conclusion, it is noted that the use of appropriate means, in particular linguistic, in the media can significantly affect social processes, both isolation and consolidation. Possession of strategies and tactics of influence is crucial for the formation of public opinion on the global problems of mankind and the direction of its life.","PeriodicalId":443655,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World","volume":"70 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128580280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PECULIARITIES OF SPANISH MENU AND ITS TRANSLATION","authors":"I. Nevynna","doi":"10.17721/2520-6397.2019.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2019.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Tapas as a part of menu refer to the nonequivalent lexics, which only complicates the translation of such elements, because they belong to exoticisms, words with the cultural shade. In linguistics, the realia of the subject were investigated by: R.Zorivchak, S. Vlakhov S. Florin, V. Vinogradov and others. In Spain this is one of the most popular topics for research. But some linguists and translators generally do not distinguish the term “realia”, for example, A. Popovich, doesn’t mention “realia” in the dictionary of translation analysis” at all.\u0000\u0000In order to achieve an adequate translation of the names of national cuisine, transcription and transliteration, calques, descriptive, generalized, and transformational methods of translation are used.\u0000\u0000During the study of the translation of the names of the national cuisine of Spain, it was found that it would be more appropriate to translate them in a mixed way, combining transcription, transliteration or translation, and descriptive translation (giving it in the footnote). But the most frequent are transcription, calques together with renomination (a combination of the above-mentioned transcripts with descriptive translation) (tapas-tapas, (transcription); tortilla – тортілья (transliteration); pinchos – пінчос (transcription + it is desirable to give an explanation-footnote at the bottom of the page that is a tapas , but on a spree (typical of northern Spain); pan catalán – каталонський хліб (calque), gazpacho, salmorejo – газпачо, сальморехо (transcription), paella – паелья (transliteration). In the case where there is no equivavalent in the language of the translation: fabada – фаба-да, jamón – хамон, churros – чуррос (traditional Spanish donuts, which Spaniards usually eat on Sundays), boquerones – Spanish version of the Ukrainian capalin fish, we will often encounter calques, transliteration with renomination or simply descriptive translation: chocos – кальмари, which are cut in stripes, not rings (no to confuse with the calamares fritas), and so on.","PeriodicalId":443655,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133624042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhythm in the 2nd part of Wasyl Barka’s book ‘Ocean’ (mixed trochee)","authors":"Yaryna Khodakivska","doi":"10.17721/2520-6397.2021.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2021.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated the verse rhythm in the second part of the book “Ocean” by the Ukrainian poet Vasyl Barka (1979). The rhythm of the first part (iambic) was investigated in our previous article.\u0000\u0000The meter of the second part of the book is a mixed trochee, the scheme of which is 5454. The stresses in the poetic lines were counted and the rhythm profiles of the trochaic tetrameter and the trochaic pentameter were plotted. The rhythm diagram method developed by Taranovsky, Gasparov (for Russian verse) was used to compare Barka’s verses with Ukrainian and Russian verses. To illustrate the trends in Ukrainian verse, our calculations of the verse of Stus and Andrukhovich were also used.\u0000\u0000The results of the research showed that the character of Barka’s rhythm is unique; it has no correspondence either in Ukrainian or in Russian verses. In the rhythm of Barka’s poem, ‘the law of regressive dissimilation’, discovered by Taranovsky and extrapolated to the Ukrainian verse by Kostenko, does not work. That is, there is no alternation of strong and weak foot. Barka in trochee avoids full-accented lines, which are commonly used by Ukrainian and Russian poets. The set of rhythmic forms of verse differs from other poets. The drawing of the diagrams is also different. For a trochaic pentameter, this is a “bucket”, with strong 2nd and 5th feet and weak 3rd and 4th feet. And for a trochaic tetrameter, this is an almost equal strength of the first three feet and a strong last foot.\u0000\u0000A rhythm, approximately similar to that of Barka, was revealed only in Goethe’s verse for a trochaic pentameter and in Schiller’s verse for a trochaic tetrameter (according to Taranovsky).\u0000\u0000Given the unique nature of the iambic rhythm and rhyme in Barka’s verse, we consider it promising to search for the factors that determined Barka’s poetics.","PeriodicalId":443655,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127198209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«ОTCHYZNA» («FATHERLAND»), «ОICHYZNA» («HOMELAND») IN UKRAINIAN WRITTEN SOURCES OF EARLY MODERN ERA","authors":"O. Nika","doi":"10.17721/2520-6397.2022.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2022.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the words оtchyzna (fatherland), оіchyzna (homeland) to denote ʻnative landʼ and ʻpatriaʼ, the phrase оtchyzna nebesnaia (fatherland heavenly) «Kingdom of Heaven» in dictionaries and texts of the 17th century. The experience of studying the word / concept / notion / term оtchyzna (fatherland) is characterized according to the historical and philosophical works, research in cognitive linguistics, linguocultural studies. The conclusion about the latent ethnomynicity and semantic hybridity of the concept of оtchyzna (fatherland) is confirmed. The meaning of the word оtchyzna (fatherland) ʻnative landʼ, which denotes the personal, individual space of the subject, оtchyzna (fatherland), оichyzna (homeland) ʻpatriaʼ as a collective-social, interpersonal space for the people who inhabit it. The first of them is associated with the use of Ukrainian nouns zemlia (land), rod (family), dom ottsa (father’s house), pronoun adjective moia (my), adjective vlasnyi (own). Conceptual features specify the place of birth of the subject, parental home, family. side, to society / people. The word оtchyzna (fatherland) ʻpatriaʼ is combined with the attributes of nasha (our), mylaia (dear), functions in a constant expression za сhest bozhuiu (for the honour of God), za viru sviatuiu (for the holy faith), zа оtchyznu myluiu (for the dear homeland), combined with predicates of urodyla (she gave birth to someone), vykhovala (she brought up someone), oboimuiet (she embraces someone), creating a metaphorical series that correlates with the image of the mother. In this sense, dom otchyznyi (fatherland’s house), оtchyzny dom (fatherland’s house), оichyzna (homeland) (the latter – in the first half of the 17th century) are also used. The perception of оtchyzna (fatherland) as a territory to be protected is represented in the semantic relations of “steadily fulfilling one’s civic duty to the fatherland” sluzhyty otchyzni (to serve the fatherland); “to be faithful, devoted to the fatherland” virne sluzhyty (to serve faithfully); “it is necessary to defend the homeland” оtchyznu boronyty (to defend the homeland), prolyvaty krov (to shed blood), “civic duty dominates personal values”. Conceptual features are verbalized as «volnost оtchyzny» («freedom of the fatherland»), «tsilisnist оtchyzny» («the integrity of the fatherland»), «pozhytechnist nauky dlia оtchyzny» («the usefulness of science for the fatherland»), «liubov оtchyzny» («the love of the fatherland»), defined as the collective and social values of Ukrainians of the 17th century.","PeriodicalId":443655,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133017078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological phenomena in the Nobel Gospel of 1520","authors":"O. Nika","doi":"10.17721/2520-6397.2021.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2021.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses morphological phenomena in the Nobel Gospel, the written monument from Polissia dating back to 1520. The monument was copied out in Church Slavonic with some features of the vernacular primarily exhibited in phonetics and orthography. The study attempts to reveal the morphological phenomena that characterize the impact of the vernacular and contribute to broader language variation in the manuscript.\u0000\u0000It describes some of the morphological phenomena in different parts of speech (the noun, the adjective, the verb). Morphological features are compared in different parts of the monument: the four Gospels and the afterword. The latter contains the synthetic perfect form.\u0000\u0000The study examines language contamination observed in the combination of phonetic features of Church Slavonic and morphological features of the Ukrainian language such as the final -мо/-мw in verbs. It is essential to take into account the Second South Slavic Influence on the morphological characteristics of the text, e.g. orthographic change of о -w in the endings -ови/-wâè of masculine singular nouns in the dative case or in the final -мо/-мw of the first person plural verbs in the present tense.\u0000\u0000The study demonstrates that the text morphology is influenced by orthographic and phonetic variants h – è, h – å typical of the language continuum in Polissia.\u0000\u0000The article explains the interaction between the hard and soft types of declension in singular masculine nouns in the dative case under the condition that nouns with the former base in *jǒ acquire secondary flections -ови/-wâè.\u0000\u0000To characterize the morphological features of the Ruthenian variant of Church Slavonic, the Nobel manuscript was compared with the monuments of the same confession dating from the previous period of the 14th–15th centuries.\u0000\u0000A comparison with the Peresopnytsia Gospel, which is a translation into the Ruthenian (Old Ukrainian) language performed in Volyn, dating from the middle of the 16 century, gives grounds to confirm the conclusion about partial morphological changes in the Church Slavonic Gospel from Nobel and systemic features of the Ukrainian language represented in the translation from Persopnytsia.","PeriodicalId":443655,"journal":{"name":"Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115174599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}