{"title":"Algorithms for solving Boolean satisfiability in combinational circuits","authors":"L. G. Silva, L. M. Silveira, Joao Marques-Silva","doi":"10.1145/307418.307557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/307418.307557","url":null,"abstract":"Boolean satisfiability is a ubiquitous modeling tool in Electronic Design Automation (EDA). It finds application in test pattern generation, delay-fault testing, combinational equivalence checking and circuit delay computation, among many other problems. Moreover Boolean satisfiability is in the core of algorithms for solving binate covering problems. This paper describes how Boolean satisfiability algorithms can take circuit structure into account when solving instances derived from combinational circuits. Potential advantages include smaller run times, the utilization of circuit-specific search pruning techniques, avoiding the overspecification problem that characterizes Boolean satisfiability testers, and reducing the time for iteratively generating instances of SAT from circuits. The experimental results obtained on several benchmark examples in two different problem domains display dramatic reductions in the run times of the algorithms, and provide clear evidence that computed solutions can have significantly less specified variable assignments than those obtained with common SAT algorithms.","PeriodicalId":442382,"journal":{"name":"Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, 1999. Proceedings (Cat. No. PR00078)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114691265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing in nanometer technologies","authors":"T. Williams","doi":"10.1109/DATE.1999.761089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DATE.1999.761089","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The last 25 years has seen a dramatic increase in gate count and the Design for Testability techniques such as Full Scan, LSSD, BIST, etc. have been developed to cope with this. However, there is now a significant difference brought on by the technology developments facing us. The onset of deep sub-micron (now currently alluded to as Nanometer Technology) is changing the way chips are being designed and manufactured. Because of the large capacity of these new chips, plus the expense of new designs, embedded systems are setting the pace for today and the future. New problems are arising that are driving design automation to integrate all the tools that are needed to successfully take a design from concept to reality in this new design environment. Test is one part of this process that is getting significant attention. An area once classified as a \"back end\" process in the design flow is moving closer to the \"front end\". Design methodologies are incorporating test-related structures in the beginning of the design cycle. In addition, standards to manage the test complexity of these large designs are being proposed. For example, IEEE P1500 is working towards defining a structure for embedded cores such that tests can be delivered to these cores. This alone is a strong challenge for the Test Community. It is clear that the design and testing of embedded systems is the key challenge facing the Test Community.","PeriodicalId":442382,"journal":{"name":"Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, 1999. Proceedings (Cat. No. PR00078)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134623279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A digital partial built-in self-test structure for a high performance automatic gain control circuit","authors":"A. Lechner, J. Ferguson, A. Richardson, B. Hermes","doi":"10.1145/307418.307496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/307418.307496","url":null,"abstract":"it is now widely recognised that design-for-testability and built-in self-test techniques will be mandatory to meet test and quality specifications in next generation mixed signal integrated systems. This paper describes a new digital on-chip post processing function capable of reducing production test time for a high performance automatic gain control circuit by 70%.","PeriodicalId":442382,"journal":{"name":"Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, 1999. Proceedings (Cat. No. PR00078)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133594076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sequential circuit test generation using decision diagram models","authors":"J. Raik, R. Ubar","doi":"10.1145/307418.307602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/307418.307602","url":null,"abstract":"A novel approach to testing sequential circuits that uses multi-level decision diagram representations is introduced. The proposed algorithm consists of a combination of scanning and conformity test generation procedures. Structural faults in both, datapath and control part are targeted. High-level simplified and fast symbolic path activation strategy is combined with random local test pattern generation for functional units. The current approach has achieved high fault coverages for known sequential circuit benchmarks in a very short time.","PeriodicalId":442382,"journal":{"name":"Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, 1999. Proceedings (Cat. No. PR00078)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134277744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient BIST hardware insertion with low test application time for synthesized data paths","authors":"N. Nicolici, B. Al-Hashimi","doi":"10.1145/307418.307507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/307418.307507","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper new and efficient BIST methodology and BIST hardware insertion algorithms are presented for RTL data paths obtained from high level synthesis. The methodology is based on concurrent testing of modules with identical physical information by sharing the test pattern generators in a partial intrusion BIST environment. Furthermore, to reduce the number of signature analysis registers and test application time the same type modules are grouped in test compatibility classes and n-input k-bit comparators are used to check the results. The test application time is computed using an incremental test scheduling approach. An existing test scheduling algorithm is modified to obtain an efficient trade-off between the algorithm complexity and testable design space exploration. A cost function based on both test application time and area overhead is defined and a tabu search-based heuristic capable of exploring the solution space in a very rapid time is presented. To reduce the computational time testable design space exploration is carried our in two phases: test application time reduction phase and BIST area reduction phase. Experimental results are included confirming the efficiency of the proposed methodology.","PeriodicalId":442382,"journal":{"name":"Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, 1999. Proceedings (Cat. No. PR00078)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121987193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automotive electronics-a challenge for systems engineering","authors":"Peter Thoma","doi":"10.1145/307418.307425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/307418.307425","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract only given, as follows. The increasing demand for dynamically controlled safety features, driving comfort and operational convenience in upper class cars require an intensive use of ECUs (electronic control units) including software. A network of up to 70 ECUs which are communicating via buses is mandatory for the required functionality. On the one hand, complexity of ECUs is rapidly increasing and time to market is decreasing. On the other hand, automotive electronics is developed together with many suppliers under control of the OEMs. Furthermore, 30% of the value added in automotives is up to electronics. Thus, from a technical, an administrative and from a business point of view the car manufacturers have a vital interest to improve and shorten the software development process for ECUs together with all partners involved. As a consequence, a general objective is to improve the ECU development process based on standards. Besides OSEK as an already accepted standard for ECU software operating systems in Germany, the OEMs are also interested in standards for bus systems or for model exchange formats, to mention just a few. In addition, an improved ECU design process covers system analysis, system specification, system design, automatic code generation, an integration of ECUs and the corresponding software in a real environment as well as calibration and after sales services. This presentation gives an overview about the current situation in automotive electronics design, presents a new design process and discusses the challenges.","PeriodicalId":442382,"journal":{"name":"Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, 1999. Proceedings (Cat. No. PR00078)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127299509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Halambi, P. Grun, Vijay Ganesh, A. Khare, N. Dutt, A. Nicolau
{"title":"EXPRESSION: a language for architecture exploration through compiler/simulator retargetability","authors":"A. Halambi, P. Grun, Vijay Ganesh, A. Khare, N. Dutt, A. Nicolau","doi":"10.1145/307418.307549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/307418.307549","url":null,"abstract":"We describe EXPRESSION, a language supporting architectural design space exploration for embedded systems-on-chip (SOC) and automatic generation of a retargetable compiler/simulator toolkit. Key features of our language-driven design methodology include: a mixed behavioral/structural representation supporting a natural specification of the architecture, explicit specification of the memory, subsystem allowing novel memory organizations and hierarchies; clean syntax and ease of modification supporting architectural exploration; a single specification supporting consistency and completeness checking of the architecture; and efficient specification of architectural resource constraints allowing extraction of detailed reservation tables for compiler scheduling. We illustrate key features of EXPRESSION through simple examples and demonstrate its efficacy in supporting exploration and automatic software toolkit generation for an embedded SOC codesign flow.","PeriodicalId":442382,"journal":{"name":"Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, 1999. Proceedings (Cat. No. PR00078)","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127376800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Battery-powered digital CMOS design","authors":"Massoud Pedram, Qing Wu","doi":"10.1145/307418.307455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/307418.307455","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we study tradeoffs between energy dissipation and delay in battery-powered digital CMOS designs. In contrast to previous work, we adopt an integrated model of the VLSI circuit and the battery sub-system that powers it. We show that accounting for the dependence of battery capacity on the average discharge current changes shape of the energy-delay trade-off curve and hence the value of the operating voltage that results in the optimum energy-delay product for the target circuit. Analytical derivations as well as experimental results demonstrate the importance of correct modeling of the battery-hardware system as a whole and provide a more accurate basis for comparing various low power optimization methodologies and techniques targeted toward battery-powered electronics.","PeriodicalId":442382,"journal":{"name":"Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, 1999. Proceedings (Cat. No. PR00078)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127855910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Codesign of embedded systems based on Java and reconfigurable hardware components","authors":"Josef Fleischmann, K. Buchenrieder, R. Kress","doi":"10.1145/307418.307466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/307418.307466","url":null,"abstract":"In the design of embedded hardware/software systems, exploration and synthesis of different design alternatives and co-verification of specific implementations are the most demanding tasks. Networked embedded systems pose a new challenge to existing design methodologies as novel requirements like adaptivity and runtime-reconfigurability arise. In this paper; we introduce a co-design environment based on the Java language which supports specification, co-synthesis and prototype execution for dynamically reconfigurable hardware/software systems.","PeriodicalId":442382,"journal":{"name":"Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, 1999. Proceedings (Cat. No. PR00078)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121403218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast, robust DC and transient fault simulation for nonlinear analogue circuits","authors":"Z. Yang, Mark Zwolinski","doi":"10.1145/307418.307498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/307418.307498","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of analogue and mixed-signal test strategies and design for test techniques requires the fault simulation of analogue circuits. The need to reduce fault simulation time for has resulted in the research into concurrent analogue fault simulation, analogous to digital fault simulation. Concurrent simulation can reduce the simulation time by avoiding repeated construction of the circuit matrix. Fault collapsing and dropping is also desirable. A robust, fast algorithm for concurrent analogue fault simulation is presented in this paper. Three techniques for the automatic dropping of faults have been addressed: a robust closeness measurement technique; a late start rule and an early stop rule. The algorithm has been successfully applied to both DC and transient analyses. A significant increase in the speed of analogue fault simulation has been obtained.","PeriodicalId":442382,"journal":{"name":"Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, 1999. Proceedings (Cat. No. PR00078)","volume":"67 E-5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124429769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}