{"title":"Remembering Stalin: Mythopoetic Elements in Memories of the Soviet Dictator","authors":"Natalia Skradol","doi":"10.1080/14690760903105307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760903105307","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article analyses mythopoetical elements in a distinctly Stalinist genre of biographical writing ‐ reminiscences of rank‐and‐file citizens who supposedly had come into contact with Stalin long before he became leader of the party and the State. Fictionalisation of personal and collective memory is discussed as part of the process of constructing new identities and personal histories through utilising traditional folkloristic tropes.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116623992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rise of Islamism in the Light of European Totalitarianism","authors":"M. Mozaffari","doi":"10.1080/14690760903067960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760903067960","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article is an account of the origins of Islamism in the context of the rise of European totalitarian movements. The study aims to demonstrate that the origins of Islamism correlate closely both temporally and geographically to the historical conditions in which the three most successful European totalitarian movements, Bolshevism, fascism and Nazism, were able to establish themselves. A comparative analysis of general reactions to World War I shows remarkably similar experiences of anomie, with some Europeans and Muslims giving rise to attempts to create an alternative politico‐cultural order to existing modernity. The article also intends to explain the reasons why we have failed to pay sufficient attention to the existence of Islamism as a totalitarian ideology in its various manifestations.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116952932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dictatorship and Demand: The Politics of Consumerism in East Germany","authors":"A. Saunders","doi":"10.1080/14690760903067994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760903067994","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127283760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"China’s Brave New World – and Other Tales for Global Times","authors":"Rana Mitter","doi":"10.1080/14690760903068034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760903068034","url":null,"abstract":"Rise of New Global Powers’ (pp. 278–92), which deal with contemporary affairs and reflect prophetically on a range of topics including globalisation (p. 280), Georgia/South Ossetia and Iraq (pp. 258, 285–7). Throughout the volume, Davies’s longstanding preoccupation with restoring East European perspectives to the study of history are given full and convincing voice – not least in his emphasis on Poland as a ‘missing link’ in many western (and particularly American) accounts, given that it was once Europe’s largest and arguably most progressive state until its eventual collapse in the late eighteenth century (pp. 147, 228). Davies revels in the self-appointed role as debunker, and in this mode his writing shines brightest: whether using statistics to skewer the lazy perception of widespread Nazi collaboration among Ukrainians, moderating views on Polish anti-Semitism or correcting the tendency to equate ‘Britain’ with ‘England’. Such broad-ranging volumes will always attract quibbles. Some will doubtless point to inconsistencies in tone and the light-handed touch with academic apparatus, such as footnotes. Yet by and large, the obvious pitfalls are avoided: repetition and error are kept within acceptable bounds, barring one or two strange typos (e.g. pp. 48, 67), and the essays are engaging in their directness, breadth and variety. There are a couple of off-topic oddities, such as an essay on the history of Magdalen College, Oxford (‘Sicut Lillium’), but bearing in mind the nature of the project and target audience, Davies has yet again struck publishing gold. As usual, he never fails to dig up colourful facts for the general reader – many of whom, for example, will be surprised to hear of Nietzsche’s Polish ancestry, a telling encapsulation of Europe’s interwoven past between East and West.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114527586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vigilantism in Turkey: Totalitarian Movements and Uncivil Society in a Post‐9/11 Democracy","authors":"Rasim Özgür Dönmez","doi":"10.1080/14690760802436183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802436183","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Turkey has witnessed a mushrooming of ultranationalist vigilante organisations in the public sphere in the early twenty‐first century, which promotes a view of the relation of Islam to the state and ethnic nation distinct from that of Islamicist groups. Such organisations can be seen as totalitarian movements whose tactics of terrorising society in order to take over the state are reminiscent of the paramilitarism of the Weimer Republic. The aim of this study is to understand why and how these ultranationalist groups have emerged. It analyses the discourses and actions of the principal groups, and argues that the U.S. military intervention in Iraq, coinciding with the accession process to the EU and the election victory of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), has undermined the hegemony of the state elite and nationalist circles in the political and economic spheres. The increased visibility of Kurdish nationalists in the public sphere, the spate of terrorist attacks by the Kurdish separatist PKK, and the AKP’s strict neo‐liberal policies, profoundly unacceptable to the state elite and nationalist circles, have created an ideal habitat for the emergence of such vigilante organisations, which have a strong tradition in the history of modern Turkey.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114338245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Jewish and Democratic State? Comparing Government Involvement in Religion in Israel with other Democracies","authors":"J. Fox, Jonathan Rynhold","doi":"10.1080/14690760802495981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802495981","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the most important recent debates in Israeli political and academic circles is the question of whether Israel can be a state that is both Jewish and democratic. In the main, this debate has focused on Jewishness as a form of ethno‐national identity, yet the relationship between the Jewish religion and the state in Israel has also triggered a controversy framed in terms of the state’s Jewish and democratic identity. This latter issue is relevant to the larger question of what role religion can and should play in democracies in general. This paper uses the Religion and State (RAS) dataset, which includes detailed information on government involvement in religion (GIR). A comparison of Israel to other democracies shows that all types of GIR which exist in Israel also exist in other democracies. This implies that the extent of GIR in Israel does not undermine its democratic character. The results also show that, while democracies tend to have lower levels of GIR than non‐democracies, the relationship between GIR and regime is nonlinear.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130206929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Joseph de Maistre, Donoso Cortés and Argentina’s Catholic Right: The Integralist Rebellion against Modernity","authors":"Alberto Spektorowski","doi":"10.1080/14690760802436084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802436084","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Early twentieth‐century Argentina is identified with military authoritarianism as manifested in Felix de Uriburu’s coup d’état in 1930 and subsequently in the 1943 military junta regime that preceded Peronism. This article offers a new analysis of the tradition of Argentinian political thought that served to legitimise authoritarian projects during this tumultuous era. Focusing on the work of key Catholic thinkers, such as Menendez y Pelayo, Bonald, Belloc, Degrieff, and particularly Joseph de Maistre and Juan Donoso Cortés, it argues that they were synthesised by Catholic intellectuals in Argentina into an integralist concept of power that differed from both fascism and simple political authoritarianism, and reflected a particular view of the relationship between the social and the political, and the secular and the religious under the impact of modernity. What emerges is that not only was integralist authoritarianism non‐fascist, but it actually attempted to create a theoretical barrier against fascism.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123611166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Political Theology in the Thought of ‘Merkaz HaRav’ Yeshiva and its Profound Influence on Israeli Politics and Society since 1967 1","authors":"M. Hellinger","doi":"10.1080/14690760802436167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802436167","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The key historic figure whose ideas influenced the entire religious–Zionist movement in recent generations is Rabbi Abraham Isaac Hakohen Kook (1865–1935). Rabbi Kook developed a complex political theology that combines universalism and Jewish particularism. His son and successor, Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook (1891–1982), the head of Merkaz HaRav Yeshiva, was the spiritual inspiration of the Gush Emunim settlement movement. He interpreted his father’s thought in a strong particularistic and anti‐pragmatic way. Among his students in the Merkaz Harav school of thought, Rabbi Zvi Tau (1936–) is the most influential thinker. According to Rav Kook and his followers’ profound messianic political theology, the profane is only the external manifestation of the inner holy foundation of reality. There is no place for separation between state and religion. Rabbi Zvi Tau’s current thinking is a clear example of the vitality of the Merkaz Harav movement in adapting Rav Kook’s ideas in a changing political and cultural climate.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129643492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Palingenetic Thrust of Russian Neo‐Eurasianism: Ideas of Rebirth in Aleksandr Dugin’s Worldview 1","authors":"A. Shekhovtsov","doi":"10.1080/14690760802436142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802436142","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Applying Roger Griffin’s methodological approach to generic fascism, the article analyses individual – socio‐political, cultural and esoteric – themes within Dugin’s doctrine, treating them as elements of a larger integral concept of rebirth that constitutes the core of Neo‐Eurasianism. The article highlights the highly syncretic nature of this ideological core, a direct result of the ‘mazeway resynthesis’ that has conditioned Dugin’s worldview. It argues that this process has been necessitated by his self‐appointed task of envisioning a new stage of history beyond Russia’s present decadent and ‘liminoid’ situation, one that he sees only coming about as the result of a ‘geopolitical revolution’. The variant of Eurasionism that results has the function of a political religion containing a powerful palingenetic thrust towards a new Russia and new West. In conclusion, it is suggested that the new order aspired to by Dugin could only be realised by establishing a totalitarian regime.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130903996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modernist Neo‐classicism and Antiquity in the Political Religion of Nazism: Adolf Hitler as Poietes of the Third Reich 1","authors":"J. Nelis","doi":"10.1080/14690760802436100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802436100","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The debate surrounding the relation between Hitler’s interest in architectural neo‐classicism and his reception of antiquity has often proceeded from the assumption of a deep nostalgia for a (deeply mythicised) classical ‘Aryan’ past and an instinctive drive to use anti‐modernist art for solely propagandistic ends. Whereas some have attempted to invert this causal relationship, the present study situates Hitler’s artistic passion within his ‘biopolitical’ vision of the new Germany, cleansed of all that was deemed degenerate (entartet) and unassimilable within the national community (gemeinschaftsunfähig). Through an analysis of the Third Reich’s vast civic building programmes, which takes into account Hitler’s personal discourse on the ancient past, we will show how both elements, that is Hitler’s ‘modernised’ neo‐classicism and his view on antiquity, can be seen as essentially complementary, and integral to his political programme. We will do so by firstly presenting an overview of the most typical examples of Hitler and Nazism’s use of an idiosyncratic version of neo‐classically inspired civic architecture. After this we will focus on the Führer’s ‘artistic’ persona, both in the sense of his love for the arts, especially those referring to the formal language of antiquity, as in the sense of his biopolitical conception of Nazi life as a ‘work of art in progress’. Finally, Hitler’s vision of artistic renaissance is located within a discourse of racial renewal which embraced the past and future within a this‐worldly ‘eternity’.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133040475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}