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Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions最新文献

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Conservative Palingenesis and Cultural Modernism in Early Twentieth‐century Romania 1 20世纪初罗马尼亚的保守旧石器时代与文化现代主义
Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions Pub Date : 2008-11-14 DOI: 10.1080/14690760802436068
Marius Turda
{"title":"Conservative Palingenesis and Cultural Modernism in Early Twentieth‐century Romania 1","authors":"Marius Turda","doi":"10.1080/14690760802436068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802436068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The scholarship on fascism has routinely explored the relationship between anti‐Enlightenment critiques of liberal modernity and democracy and the emergence of concepts of cultural, political and biological regeneration before the First World War. This is powerfully illustrated by Roger Griffin’s recent book on modernity and fascism. This article applies Griffin’s conceptual framework to ideas of conservative palingenesis and cultural modernist critiques of modernity developed in early‐twentieth century‐Romania by a handful of Romanian authors, in an attempt to understand the intellectual sources of the programme of national regeneration which Romanian fascists positioned at the centre of their revolutionary project during the interwar period","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126781124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The ‘Examination of Conscience’ of the Nation: The Lost Debate About the ‘Collective Guilt’ in Italy, 1943–5 国家的“良心检验”:关于意大利“集体罪责”的迷失辩论，1943-5
Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/14690760802094826
L. La Rovere
{"title":"The ‘Examination of Conscience’ of the Nation: The Lost Debate About the ‘Collective Guilt’ in Italy, 1943–5","authors":"L. La Rovere","doi":"10.1080/14690760802094826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802094826","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article tries to assess the still controversial question concerning the legacy of fascism in Italy, focusing on the early postwar discussion about the dictatorship. It shows the emergence of the theme of Italians' ‘collective guilt’, generally neglected by Italian historiography. It is a matter of fact that the final result of the struggle between conflicting narratives was to draw a veil of oblivion over the past. I suggest that, for a better understanding of the awkward relationships between Italian society and its fascist past, it is necessary to put aside a moralistic approach toward the contemporaries' attitude to forgetting and try to evaluate it, rather, as the dramatic consequence of the totalitarian experience.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115148214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cambodia Deals with its Past: Collective Memory, Demonisation and Induced Amnesia 柬埔寨处理其过去:集体记忆，妖魔化和诱发失忆
Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/14690760802094933
D. Chandler
{"title":"Cambodia Deals with its Past: Collective Memory, Demonisation and Induced Amnesia","authors":"D. Chandler","doi":"10.1080/14690760802094933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802094933","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines how successive Cambodian governments have regarded the so‐called Khmer Rouge regime, which ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979. Between 1979 and 1993, Cambodian governments demonised the Khmer Rouge but since the late 1990s, and the collapse of the Khmer Rouge as a movement, the government has enforced a policy of collective amnesia. In closing, the rationales for officially demonising the past and officially burying it – and how these rartionales ‘fit’ with Cambodia’s collective memory – are discussed in relation to the trial of surviving Khmer leaders now (2008) taking place in Phnom Penh.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122136498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 76
Innocent Culprits – Silent Communities. On the Europeanisation of the Memory of the Shoah in Austria 无辜的罪犯——沉默的社区。论奥地利大屠杀记忆的欧洲化
Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/14690760802106166
É. Kovács
{"title":"Innocent Culprits – Silent Communities. On the Europeanisation of the Memory of the Shoah in Austria","authors":"É. Kovács","doi":"10.1080/14690760802106166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802106166","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Shoah destroyed the substance of Austrian Jewishness. The emigration of the survivors after 1945 and the indignation of the Austrian society resulted in the dislocation of the memory of the Shoah itself. The Shoah provoked a massive social amnesia during the first two to three decades after World War II in Europe. The long silence was broken by the American television series Shoah in 1979 and by the Waldheim affair in 1986. Since the second half of the 1990s, a large‐scale restitution process and a new government program of commemoration have begun. Seemingly, Austria has successfully joined the mainstream of the European culture of memory. However, Austrian Jews as victims or survivors gradually came to be missing or played a minor role in the daily practice of the local and national politics of memory. One has the impression that the ‘local Jews’ have been overshadowed by the Europeanisation of the Shoah. The paper presents an Austrian case as a paradoxical example of ‘creative forgetting’ or ‘forgetting by remembering’.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114615534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Should France be Ashamed of its History? Coming to Terms with the Past in France and its Eastern Borderlands 1 法国应该为自己的历史感到羞耻吗?与法国及其东部边境地区的过去妥协
Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/14690760802094867
Laird Boswell
{"title":"Should France be Ashamed of its History? Coming to Terms with the Past in France and its Eastern Borderlands 1","authors":"Laird Boswell","doi":"10.1080/14690760802094867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802094867","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract How to confront the past remains a critical question in twenty first century France. Over the past generation France has addressed the Vichy years head on, and the nation has begun to assess the legacy of the colonial enterprise, notably in Algeria, with mixed results. There remains one major blank spot in France's attempt to come to terms with its experience during the Second World War: the border province of Alsace and Lorraine, a region that has played a critical role in the French imaginary over the past 130 years. This article explains why amnesia, combined with an underlying discourse of victimisation, has defined the province's relationship to the Nazi annexation, and why border areas often remain immune to larger national debates about victims and perpetrators.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128632265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Neither Truth nor Reconciliation: Political Violence and the Singularity of Memory in Post‐socialist Mongolia 1 既非真相也非和解:后社会主义蒙古的政治暴力与记忆的独特性
Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/14690760802094941
Christopher Kaplonski
{"title":"Neither Truth nor Reconciliation: Political Violence and the Singularity of Memory in Post‐socialist Mongolia 1","authors":"Christopher Kaplonski","doi":"10.1080/14690760802094941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802094941","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores the forms of memory of political violence in post‐socialist Mongolia. In particular, I examine why Mongolia has not established a truth and reconciliation commission, pursued a policy of lustration or followed any of the other paths often taken after an episode of political violence or repression. I argue that Mongolia has not done so largely as a result of a particular emphasis on personal memory in the form of ‘singularities’. This emphasis has helped preclude the enveloping of personal accounts into larger social or political narratives, which are often seen as necessary for ‘coming to terms with the past’. I close by examining some of the broader implications of the Mongolian case for our understanding of the legacy of political violence.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127729779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Negotiating War Legacies and Postwar Democracy in Japan 谈判战争遗产和日本战后民主
Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/14690760802094842
F. Seraphim
{"title":"Negotiating War Legacies and Postwar Democracy in Japan","authors":"F. Seraphim","doi":"10.1080/14690760802094842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802094842","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article surveys the ongoing struggles over legacies of World War II within Japan's postwar history. As in Europe, different types of responsibility for the wartime past manifested themselves in changing international and domestic contexts and continuously redefined the relationships between victors, perpetrators of crimes, survivors, and a growing population for whom the war — and increasingly the postwar past — registered only as memory. Under the Allied occupation, Japan's criminal past loomed large in war crimes trials, political reforms, and intellectual discourse but contributed mightily to the deep divisions that have characterized Japan's political landscape ever since. Struggles over Japan's militarist past animated these domestic political divisions through the 1970s over questions of history textbooks, commemorations of the war dead, social relations, as well as Japan's compromised position within Cold War Asia. Globalisation processes beginning in the 1980s brought Japan's colonial past to the fore as questions of individual compensation and state reconciliation began to connect formerly domestic struggles over the legacies of the war to the international politics of historical memory. Both the chronology and the political uses of the wartime past followed a different pattern from Europe, not only because of stark differences between the wars themselves but more critically because of the historical developments that kept Asia as a region divided for decades.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127459122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Legacy of the Authoritarian Past in Portugal's Democratisation, 1974–6 葡萄牙民主化过程中威权主义的遗产，1974-6
Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/14690760802094891
A. Pinto
{"title":"The Legacy of the Authoritarian Past in Portugal's Democratisation, 1974–6","authors":"A. Pinto","doi":"10.1080/14690760802094891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802094891","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Portuguese military coup of 25 April 1974 was the beginning of the ‘third wave’ of democratic transitions in Southern Europe. Unshackled by international pro‐democratising forces and occurring in the midst of the Cold War, the coup led to a severe crisis of the state that was aggravated by the simultaneous processes of transition to democracy and de‐colonisation of what was the last European colonial empire. This article analyses how Portugal's political elite and society struggled with two aspects of the authoritarian legacy during the transition: the elite and the institutions associated with the Dictatorship. The nature of the Portuguese transition and the consequent state crises created a ‘window of opportunity’ in which the ‘reaction to the past’ was much stronger in Portugal than in the other Southern European transitions. In fact, the transition's powerful dynamic in itself served to constitute a legacy for the consolidation of democracy.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121167541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Post‐Totalitarian Narratives in Germany: Reflections on Two Dictatorships after 1945 and 1989 1 德国的后极权主义叙事:对1945年和1989年后两个独裁政权的反思
Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/14690760802094792
J. Herf
{"title":"Post‐Totalitarian Narratives in Germany: Reflections on Two Dictatorships after 1945 and 1989 1","authors":"J. Herf","doi":"10.1080/14690760802094792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802094792","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The concept of totalitarianism was a more complex and analytically fruitful term than many of its critics suggested. In the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) after 1949 it figured prominently in efforts to confront the realities of radical anti‐Semitism and the Holocaust. In the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany), the dismissal of the concept went hand in hand with an official anti‐fascism that gave only modest attention to the specifics of Nazism's anti‐Jewish hatreds. The essay examines key figures and texts of the founding era of the political culture of both West and East Germany such as Konrad Adenauer, Kurt Schumacher, Theodor Heuss, in the West, and Walter Ulbricht and Paul Merker in the East. The concept of totalitarianism enjoyed a certain renaissance in post‐1989 Germany as scholars sought to compare and contrast the Nazi with the Communist dictatorship. While such post‐1989 examinations revealed a great deal about the East German regime, important elements of the anti‐Zionist and at times anti‐Semitic dimensions of the Communist dictatorship received short less attention. In some commentaries about the Communist past, a desire for reconciliation between the previously divided states displaced a willingness to look at this particular aspect of the GDR. While there were crucial differences between the Nazi and the Communist dictatorships, both were variants on a continuum of totalitarian rule.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125251475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Crime and Punishment in Communist Czechoslovakia: The Case of General Heliodor Píka and his Prosecutor Karel Vaš 1 共产主义捷克斯洛伐克的罪与罚:赫利奥多尔将军Píka及其检察官卡雷尔·瓦什案
Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/14690760802094925
M. Hauner
{"title":"Crime and Punishment in Communist Czechoslovakia: The Case of General Heliodor Píka and his Prosecutor Karel Vaš 1","authors":"M. Hauner","doi":"10.1080/14690760802094925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760802094925","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Shortly after the Communist Putsch in February 1948, General Heliodor Pika, deputy chief of the general staff and former head of the Military Mission in the USSR, was arrested by the Communist‐controlled security services and accused of high treason as a British spy. He was to be sentenced on trumped‐up charges and executed in 1949. This was the beginning of bloody purges in Czechoslovakia under the Communist regime. The story becomes more complex, allowing a rare insight into the mechanism of pseudo‐justice in that country, by the fate of Pika's prosecutor, Karel Vaš, who alternates in the role of crime perpetrator and crime victim.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133856871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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