{"title":"Unprecedented synthesis of indole-linked tetra-substituted alkenes by catalyst-free domino reaction","authors":"Darakshan, Ujjain Chaurasia, Aatka Mehar, Tasneem Parvin","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we report a simple, efficient catalyst-free green domino reaction of indole, arylglyoxal, and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls such as barbituric acid derivatives/dimedone at 100 °C in dimethylformamide medium in open air condition. In this reaction, one C–C and one C<img>C bonds have been formed in one-pot without using any additive or metal based reagent. Considering the presence of indole, benzoyl and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl moieties in the products, it is expected that they will exhibit interesting medicinal properties. All the synthesized products were characterized by recording FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and HRMS. Moreover, a single crystal XRD of compound <strong>4</strong><strong>j</strong> was recorded to confirm the structure of the product. Operational simplicity, gram-scale synthesis, mild reaction conditions, good yields, and wide substrate scope are the salient features of this methodology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 134327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134325
A. Pałasz, P. Goszczycki, D. Cież, A. Błaszków, A. Marchewka, M. Ogos, D. Barczyk
{"title":"Synthesis and investigation of photo-physical properties of fluorescent dyes obtained by the Knoevenagel condensation of mono-, di- or tri-formyl aromatic aldehydes and various CH-acid derivatives","authors":"A. Pałasz, P. Goszczycki, D. Cież, A. Błaszków, A. Marchewka, M. Ogos, D. Barczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorescent dyes were constructed using the Knoevenagel condensation of the appropriate aldehydes and CH-acid derivatives. Aromatic aldehydes containing one, two or three formyl groups were used as substrates. Cyanoacetamide, ethyl cyanoacetate, benzoylacetonitrile and indan-1,3-dione play the role of CH-acid derivative. The appropriate aldehydes were obtained by the Duff formylation reaction. The dyes synthesis procedure was very simple. The condensation was carried out in water in the presence of NaOH, as the basic catalyst at room temperature, and the dyes were obtained in yields between 58 and 93 %. The work-up procedure was very simple, and the products do not require any further purification. The great advantages of this synthetic procedure are its simplicity, cheapness, compliance with the rules of green chemistry and the fact that it efficiently leads to structurally complex fluorescent dyes. Twenty-three new compounds were obtained, eleven of which exhibited fluorescence in solution and four in the solid state. Taking into account the fluorescence quantum yield and the emission maximum value close to the NIR range, the dye constructed by condensation of indan-1,3-dione and methyl 3,5-diformyl-4-hydroxybenzoate meets the above-mentioned requirements (Φ = 16 %, λ<sub>em</sub> = 660 nm) best. The dye with the highest value of Φ = 25 % in solid is a derivative of cyanoacetamide and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 134325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approach to extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by benzannulation and intramolecular cyclization; improvement of the reaction conditions by microwave irradiation","authors":"Rui Umeda, Raiki Nishikawa, Taketo Matsui, Kotaro Takase","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extended π-conjugated compounds <strong>1</strong>–<strong>8</strong> were synthesized by the benzannulation of the corresponding alkyne derivatives followed by Pd-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. For the Pd-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization, microwave irradiation reduced the amount of the Pd catalyst and the reaction time. Moreover, this protocol can be achieved to prepare the extended and twisted π-conjugated molecule <strong>19</strong>, having anthracene, helicene, and picene skeletons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 134332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134333
Bryce L. Koeberg , Mellisa B. Sagandira , Cloudius R. Sagandira , Paul Watts
{"title":"Paradigm shift in medicinal products synthesis: Continuous flow technology","authors":"Bryce L. Koeberg , Mellisa B. Sagandira , Cloudius R. Sagandira , Paul Watts","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>About 80 % of the population in developing economies such as Africa use traditional medicines for healthcare. Traditional medicines from diverse cultures have been recognized for their efficacy and cost-effectiveness in improving health in developing economies. Access to synthetic natural products is typically associated with challenges such as lengthy synthetic routes, large environmental footprint, complex chemical architecture and time-consuming and purification processes. Continuous flow technology has emerged as a potent and enabling tool in the synthesis of complex natural products because of its efficiency and environmentally benign nature. Herein, we review advances in continuous flow synthesis of diverse natural products with biological activity to demonstrate the impact and potential of the technology in overcoming challenges faced in natural products synthesis. Consequently, this allows for easy and efficient access to atypical or structurally complex natural products. Overall, this article highlights the transformative impact of continuous flow technology on the bioactive natural products synthesis and offer a useful reference tool for chemists interested in the synthesis of these compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 134333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134314
Takahiro Kusukawa, Masashi Ooe, Kensuke Inuzuka
{"title":"Recognition of carboxylic acids and phosphonic acids using a 1,8-diphenylanthracene-based diguanidine in solution and solid states","authors":"Takahiro Kusukawa, Masashi Ooe, Kensuke Inuzuka","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 1,8-diphenylanthracene-based diguanidine <strong>1</strong> has been designed and synthesized for the recognition of carboxylic acids and phosphonic acid derivatives. The diguanidine <strong>1a</strong> forms 1:1 complexes with the dicarboxylic acids and the diphosphonic acid derivatives in a DMSO solution, and the formation of these complexes was confirmed by a DOSY NMR analysis. The binding mode towards the guanidyl group (Type I, Type II, two existing types of binding modes toward three nitrogen atoms) with a diphosphonic acid derivative was successfully demonstrated by the 2D NOESY analysis. The diguanidine <strong>1a</strong> does not show any fluorescence in a DMSO solution, but after the addition of carboxylic acids, the formation of a stable complex or the formation of the protonated guanidinium (<strong>1a</strong>+2H<sup>+</sup>) were distinguishable by the observation of a light-blue fluorescence around 430 nm. These fluorescence observations can be determined the stability of the complexes of the diguanidine <strong>1a</strong> with carboxylic acids. On the other hand, the DMSO solution of diguanidine <strong>1a</strong> showed a light-blue fluorescence after the addition of phosphonic acids. Interestingly, diguanidine <strong>1a</strong> recognized methylphosphonic acid <strong>9a</strong> in the solid state by grinding and showed a green fluorescence, while the other phosphonic acids <strong>9</strong> and dicarboxylic acids (<strong>4d</strong>: pimelic acid, <strong>4f</strong>: azelaic acid) showed a light-blue fluorescence in the solid state, and a selectivity was observed. These fluorescence characteristics of the diguanidine <strong>1</strong> are applicable for the detection of carboxylic acids and phosphonic acids, especially for methylphosphonic acid <strong>9a</strong> in the solid state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 134314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134329
Ailong Shao, Yuanyuan Li, Min Dong, Yuhang Wang, Rongjing Zhao, Jun Zhang, Shuisheng Chen, Hai Wu
{"title":"Regioselective C(sp2)-H nitrosation and nitration of (Hetero)arenes with Fe(NO3)3·9H2O as promoter, nitroso and nitro source","authors":"Ailong Shao, Yuanyuan Li, Min Dong, Yuhang Wang, Rongjing Zhao, Jun Zhang, Shuisheng Chen, Hai Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A regioselective C(sp<sup>2</sup>)-H nitrosation and nitration protocol has been successfully developed for the modification of various undirected bioactive molecules by using the economical and nontoxic Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sup>.</sup>9H<sub>2</sub>O as nitroso/nitro source. This method is conducted under acid-free and ease of handling conditions and is featured with good regioselectivity as well as a broad substrate scope (38 examples; yields up to 90 %). This reaction could be conducted on a gram scale with good efficiency, demonstrating high utility for the synthesis and modification of drug and material molecules. Detailed mechanistic studies indicate that the formation of the nitroso or nitro products might be proceeded <em>via</em> the radical cross coupling of aryl radical cation intermediates with nitroso or nitro radical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 134329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oxazaborolidine catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of diarylphosphine oxides to α,β-unsaturated N-acylindoles and N-acylpyrroles","authors":"Jinyi Qian, Wendi Shao, Qi Gao, Jiuling Li, Baomin Fan, Yafei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The enantioselective 1,4-addition of diarylphosphine oxides to α,β-unsaturated <em>N</em>-acylindoles and <em>N</em>-acylpyrroles catalyzed by a commercial chiral oxazaborolidine is reported. This methodology tolerates a variety of substrates and diarylphosphine oxides, leading to high yields and enantioselectivities. Importantly, the resulting chiral products exhibit excellent transformation abilities to form corresponding acids, amides, and esters with high potential applications in the synthesis of chiral phosphine ligands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 134331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134313
Sheng-Li Wu , Yu-Bo Li , Song-Xiao Yu , Peiwen Lv , Jintao Guan , Yi Wang , Zong-Jun Li
{"title":"Dithiolation of [60]fullerene with aliphatic primary thiols initiated by n-butylamine via aerobic oxidation reaction","authors":"Sheng-Li Wu , Yu-Bo Li , Song-Xiao Yu , Peiwen Lv , Jintao Guan , Yi Wang , Zong-Jun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A facile aerobic oxidation reaction of [60]fullerene with aliphatic primary thiols initiated by <em>n</em>-butylamine was studied. Interestingly, the reaction yielded liquid mixtures upon solvent evaporation, contrary to the typical formation of solid mixtures. The reaction products were purified using HPLC to isolate the fullerene dithiol epoxide compound (<strong>2</strong>), which was extensively characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, HRMS, and UV–Vis spectra. Plausible reaction mechanisms leading to the formation of the observed products were proposed. Computational simulations and control experiment were conducted to elucidate the proposed reaction mechanisms. The electrochemical behavior of 1,2-O-4,15-(<em>n</em>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>11</sub>S)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>60</sub> (<strong>2</strong>) was investigated, revealing its instability upon gradual reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 134313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2024.134324
Ren-Yu Tian , Mohammad Sanayi Haqmal , Yu-Ting Bao , Shi-Yao Liu , Guang-Ying Chen , Li Tang
{"title":"Amide synthesis from DDQ-mediated electrochemical Beckmann rearrangement","authors":"Ren-Yu Tian , Mohammad Sanayi Haqmal , Yu-Ting Bao , Shi-Yao Liu , Guang-Ying Chen , Li Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beckmann rearrangement, a classical reaction of introducing nitrogen to carbon skeleton compounds for amide synthesis, is widely used in academia and industry. Herein, an electrochemical Beckmann rearrangement is reported, utilizing 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as a mediator to prevent the over-electro-oxidation of products, which could afford amide in excellent yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 134324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of novel isostere analogues of naphthyridines using CuI catalyst: DFT computations (FMO, MEP), molecular docking and ADME analysis","authors":"Kolandaivel Prabha , Satheeshkumar Rajendran , Balasubramanian Mythili Gnanamangai , Balachandra Mohan J , Koray Sayin , K.J. Rajendra Prasad , Gamze Tüzün","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2024.134323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An approach towards the synthesis of novel isosteres of benzonaphthyridines and benzonaphthonaphthyridines from the condensation reaction between 4-chloro-2-methylquinolines/4-chloro-2-methylbenzo[<em>h</em>]quinoline and appropriate <em>o</em>-amino aromatic and heteroaromatic carboxylic acids by using solvent (ethanol)/solvent free (neat) condition to yield the intermediate followed by the cyclization with PPA. The intermediate yield has been slightly increased in neat (solvent-free) conditions compared to solvent conditions. Further, the target isosteres of benzonaphthyridines and benzonaphthonaphthyridines were achieved in the one-pot synthesis using a CuI catalyst with a higher yield than the stepwise method. Quantum chemical calculations of synthesized compounds are performed by using M06-2X with 6-311+G(d,p) basis set in water, DFT calculations of the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), and the optimized geometry of the XRD values are compared with experimental values. All the synthesized novel isosteres molecules are investigated under molecular docking studies using MMP1 and MMP2 proteins, which showed all the molecules have the potential to heal pancreatic cancer. The most potent molecules among them are <strong>3i</strong> and <strong>3h</strong> due to their better docking scores. Furthermore, the molecules' pharmacokinetic (ADME) parameters have been observed to be effective in future biological evaluations of these compounds to be active.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 134323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}