Talanta Open最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemical sensors for the determination of polyphenols as antioxidants from natural sources: A comprehensive review of sensor development and characterization","authors":"Soner Çakar ,&nbsp;Mahmut Özacar","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid, sensitive, and selective quantification of polyphenols has become increasingly important in areas such as food quality control, nutraceutical development, and biomedical diagnostics, due to their exhibiting significant antioxidant properties through their redox-active hydroxyl groups, contributing to a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and chemopreventive activities. This review critically examines recent developments in electrochemical sensor platforms tailored for polyphenol detection in complex biological and environmental samples. Emphasis is placed on nanostructured electrode modifications employing carbon-based nanomaterials (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes), metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Pt), and metal oxide nanostructures (e.g., TiO₂, ZnO) that facilitate enhanced electron transfer rates, augmented electroactive surface area, and improved sensor stability and reproducibility. The review further explores diverse electrochemical transduction techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, with comparisons of enzymatic and non-enzymatic sensing approaches. Detailed mechanistic insights into polyphenol electrooxidation pathways, adsorption phenomena, and sensor–analyte interfacial interactions are discussed. Complementary spectroscopic and microscopic characterization methods are highlighted for their roles in elucidating structural, electronic, and surface properties critical to sensor functionality and analytical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural isomeric aromatic diamine linkers influenced electrocatalysis of AuNPs: Efficient assessment of hydrazine in environmental water samples","authors":"Karmegam Muthukrishnan ,&nbsp;N.S.K. Gowthaman ,&nbsp;Bharathi Sinduja ,&nbsp;Mathur Gopalakrishnan Sethuraman","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This electrochemical research explores the conductive behaviour and sensor functionality of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) constructed on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode. Aromatic diamines (ArDAs) with different structural isomeric forms were used as efficient linkers for the attachment of AuNPs, with particular attention given to the detection of hydrazine (HYZ). Careful analysis of three distinct ArDAs, ortho-phenylenediamine (OPD), meta-phenylenediamine (MPD), and para-phenylenediamine (PPD), revealed the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ArDAs on the GC electrode surface. The growth kinetics of ArDA SAMs on GC surfaces were examined using ATR-FT-IR, focusing on the -NH₂ bending vibration region (1592–1631 cm^-1), and the Langmuir adsorption kinetics described the SAM formation, specifically, faster and easier formation of PPD-SAM than OPD and MPD. The PPD SAM on the electrode surface was found to be more compact than OPD and MPD, according to the multi-method analysis. The synthesized AuNPs were anchored on the electrode surface through the free amine groups present in the SAMs and confirmed through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The AuNPs/PPD/GC electrode exhibited superior sensitivity (562 µA mM^-1 cm^-2) and a low detection limit (30 nM) towards HYZ determination. Further, the practicability of the proposed sensor is evaluated by detecting HYZ in environmental water samples and validating the results with the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100503"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of low-dimensional MoS2 as a smart nanoplatform for environmental technologies, therapeutic strategies, and biomedical sensing","authors":"Smriti Gaba,&nbsp;Mridul Sahu,&nbsp;Nidhi Chauhan,&nbsp;Utkarsh Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As one of the representative layered transition metal dichalcogenides (LTMDC), molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) has been widely researched as a promising nanoplatform for biomedicine as well as green technologies. The features of high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable bandgap, and good biocompatibility make it a promising candidate for therapeutic strategies, biomedical detection, and environmental applications. Low-dimensional MoS₂ has been widely investigated for drug delivery, bioimaging, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), biosensing, and environmental innovations in the past few years, owing to its strong interaction with biomolecules and the cellular microenvironment. The utility of MoS₂ as an alternative to traditional nanomaterials has been assisted by various functionalization strategies to improve solubility, stability, and targeted applications. Moreover, MoS₂-based biosensors have demonstrated remarkable sensitivity for detecting biomolecules, pathogens, and disease-specific biomarkers that enable early and accurate disease diagnosis. This ability is critical to precision medicine, which allows for personalized treatment approaches, real-time health monitoring, and target activation or suppression of pathways based on a patient's biological profile. Additionally, it has become a beacon of environmental application innovation, providing long-term answers to urgent ecological problems. Because of special physicochemical characteristics, contaminants, including gases, organic compounds, heavy metals, and radionuclides, can be effectively removed from the environment, leading to cleaner air and water supplies. Nonetheless, industrial translation of MoS₂ requires the resolution of toxicity, long-term stability, and large-scale synthesis issues. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the recent development, biomedical and environmental applications, challenges, and future perspectives of low-dimensional MoS₂ in the field of next-generation sustainable technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100498"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solvent extraction methods towards efficient recognition of organophosphorus pesticides: Recent progress and analytical challenges","authors":"Marzieh Fallahi Nezhad ,&nbsp;Amin Foroozandeh ,&nbsp;Hossein Salar Amoli ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hasanzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) has evolved significantly by integrating physical assistance methods to enhance extraction efficiency while minimizing the use of organic solvents and disperser agents. This review critically examines the latest advancements in assisted DLLME techniques, including ultrasound-assisted DLLME, vortex-assisted DLLME, and air-assisted DLLME methods, with an emphasis on their potential to minimize or eliminate the use of toxic organic solvents and disperser agents. These environmentally friendly approaches are particularly important for detecting hazardous contaminants such as organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), which are widely used in agriculture and known for their acute neurotoxicity, environmental persistence, and potential to disrupt nervous systems. OPPs can cause severe neurological effects even at trace levels. Their continued presence in food, water, and environmental samples underscores the urgent need for highly sensitive and reliable detection methods to ensure public safety and regulatory compliance. The review highlights how greener DLLME techniques contribute to sustainable analytical practices by reducing or eliminating harmful chemicals. Comparative evaluations are presented for enrichment factors, extraction times, and analyte recoveries across various sample types, including environmental water, biological fluids, and food products. Finally, the review discusses future directions toward achieving completely solvent-free and disperser-free DLLME systems through innovative hybrid and energy-assisted strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printed hardware for automation of proteomics sample preparation at the Meso-Scale","authors":"Sadie R. Schultz ,&nbsp;Matthew M. Champion","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is the dominant method for measuring peptides and proteins from complex mixtures. In bottom-up approaches, proteins are digested or proteolyzed prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. Peptides are fragmented, and proteins are inferred <em>via</em> peptide spectral matching (PSM). The throughput of this process is surprisingly low; a proteomics core facility might analyse &lt;20 samples/day per instrument using UHPLC-MS/MS. Because of this, automation in proteomics is rare, and virtually all preparation is performed by hand. We developed 3D printed hardware and automated sample preparation modules for a lower-cost Andrew Alliance pipetting robot. The robot operates on simple principles, using traditional pipettes and follows protocols closely resembling manual preparation. Here, we present modular protocols for the major techniques in proteomics preparation: in-solution and S-Trap digestion; Tip and solid-phase extraction (SPE) based desalting. Both approaches yield dense protein identifications from complex proteomes. Automated samples had high reproducibility: ∼60 % of proteins identified from in-solution and S-Trap digested samples had a measured CV of ≤20 %. In contrast, 52 % of in-solution digested and 63 % of S-Trap digested of proteins identified from manually prepared samples had CVs ≤20 %. Automated sample digestion and tip-based desalting had reduced ≅ 70 % and 40 % quantitative yield respectively compared to manual preparation according to the protein label-free quantification (LFQ). Increasing injection amount to normalize the yield restored protein and peptide identifications which demonstrates the differences between manual and automated methods were predominantly due to reduced recovery. Overall, automation of bottom-up proteomics sample preparation at the meso‑scale offers increased reproducibility in non sample-limited applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The surface plasmon resonance biosensor capability for detection avian influenza H5N1 in poultry using immunoglobulin yolk as bioreceptor","authors":"Armanda Dwi Prayugo ,&nbsp;Wahyu Widayat ,&nbsp;Toto Subroto ,&nbsp;Wyanda Arnafia ,&nbsp;Muhammad Yusuf ,&nbsp;Gilang Gumilar ,&nbsp;Yusuf Farid Achmad ,&nbsp;Betty Sundari ,&nbsp;Aulia Khoirun Nissa ,&nbsp;Denniswara Sibit","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian influenza is a viral infectious disease that causes high mortality and morbidity in poultry. The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) threat causes considerable losses to broiler and laying hens. Early detection of avian influenza cases on farms is now difficult, especially in laying hens with symptoms of decreased egg production, which could be caused by various other diseases. The detection of avian influenza, according to WOAH recommendations, utilizes real-time RT-PCR. The RT-PCR methods are costly, require sample extraction and laboratory expertise. Not only are sensitive and specific alternative diagnostic methods required to address the future threat of avian influenza in poultry with large populations, but also producing biomaterial as a bioreceptor on a large scale is required. Immunoglobulin yolk (IgY) is an antibody produced by the hen and found in egg yolk. Producing IgY requires hyperimmune chickens obtained through the vaccination process. The ability of IgY to bind to antigens has the potential to serve as a bioreceptor for disease detection methods in biosensor devices. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor can detect interactions between two molecules, such as antibody-antigens, indicating a change in the resonance angle as a response unit (r.u.). The purpose of this study is to investigate the capability of the SPR biosensor for the diagnosis of AI H5N1 through its limit of detection and sensitivity using IgY anti-avian influenza H5N1, as well as the SPR specificity response in detecting avian influenza in field sample simulations. SPR development using the IgY anti-avian influenza H5N1 bioreceptor with a concentration of 50 µg/ml has a detection limit value of virus titer AI H5N1 10^4,4 ELD50/ml and a response sensitivity of 3.90 ΔRU/Log HAU with an R² value of the linear plot from antigen concentration 1 - 16 HAU is 0.99052. IgY anti-avian influenza H5N1 with a concentration of 50 µg/ml in nanoSPR8 device has a reasonable specificity of 89 % and selectivity in capturing H5N1 analyte targets. The SPR results are also promising for AI H5N1 rapid detection without extraction due to its positive response in field samples that confirmed AI H5N1 by RT-PCR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of the field applications of diffusive gradients (DGT) in assessing the environmental behavior of emerging organic contaminants: Advantages, limitations, and methodological considerations","authors":"Zhou Fang ,&nbsp;Xuan Hu ,&nbsp;Jun Luo ,&nbsp;Shuting Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the environmental impacts of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) gained increasing global attention, the monitoring of their concentrations and the assessment of their ecological risks have become critical areas of research. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) have been increasingly applied to investigate the distribution and environmental behavior of EOCs in aquatic, soil, and sedimentary environments. This review synthesizes current advancements in DGT technology, with a particular focus on the field applications of DGTs for the studies of the distributions and behaviors of EOCs in the water bodies, soil, and sediment. The advantages, and limitations of diffusion and binding layer materials, filter membranes, and molding techniques were summarized based on the principles of DGT. The reliability and stability of DGT for EOCs determination in aquatic environments are evaluated through a comparative analysis with traditional grab sampling methods. The advantages and limitations of DGT are also discussed in relation to other passive sampling techniques. In addition, common challenges associated with DGT field deployments are identified, and potential strategies for methodological improvements are proposed. Finally, this review consolidates existing studies on the application of DGT in examining the distribution and environmental behavior of EOCs in water, soil, and sediment systems. These findings collectively underscore the utility of DGT in advancing the study of EOCs environmental behavior and in facilitating ecological risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and fabrication of a rapid detection biosensor for Candida albicans diagnosis in a microfluidic platform","authors":"Shekoufeh Moradkhah ,&nbsp;Mohaddeseh Larypoor ,&nbsp;Abdollah Allahverdi","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Candida species are opportunistic fungi that can lead to a wide range of infections in humans, ranging from superficial to systemic. The diagnosis and treatment of Candida infections present significant challenges due to the diversity and resistance of these species, as well as the lack of rapid and sensitive detection methods. Microfluidics presents an opportunity to develop quick and highly sensitive diagnostic devices, enabling disease detection with minimal sample volumes. This study aimed to design and fabricate a microfluidic chip for the rapid and sensitive detection of <em>Candida albicans</em> in clinical samples. The dimensions of the chip were approximately 3.5 × 3.5 cm. The master chip was fabricated using soft lithography, and replicated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a biocompatible and transparent elastomer, which was treated with plasma to activate its surface. The study found that 150 samples (75 %) tested positive for Candida species, with <em>Candida albicans</em> being the most prevalent species at 58 %, followed by other non-albicans Candida species. Additionally, the study revealed that Candida infections were more common among women, young adults, the elderly, and patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The microfluidic chip demonstrated the ability to detect <em>Candida albicans</em> in clinical samples with a low detection limit of 10 CFU/mL. The study concluded that the microfluidic chip is a promising tool for diagnosing Candida infections in point-of-care settings and emphasized that Candida infections represent a common and diverse issue among patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100478"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A straightforward HPLC approach to testing butylated hydroxytoluene, an antioxidant, in pure and topical anti-burn gels; Evaluation of greenness, blueness, and whiteness grades","authors":"Jin-Kui Ma ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Nan Zhang ,&nbsp;Ahmed Sobhy Darwish ,&nbsp;Ayman A. Gouda ,&nbsp;Ragaa El Sheikh ,&nbsp;Xiao-Chen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In lieu of being used in anti-burn gels for medicinal reasons, butylated hydroxytoluene is used as a stabilizer and antioxidant to prolong the gel's lifetime and safeguard its effectiveness by halting the oxidation and degradation of other ingredients, especially fats and oils. It shields the product's texture, color, and smell against alterations brought on by light and air exposure. Antioxidants can be used to guard the product quality during the manufacturing process only and may not need to be controlled during its shelf life. A comprehensive, rapid, clear, and environmentally friendly stability-indicating liquid chromatography (LC) technique has been developed and validated, enabling the quantification of butylated hydroxytoluene levels in topical gels. The pharmaceutical compound underwent a series of evaluations in line with ICH standards. Through isocratic separation, butylated hydroxytoluene and its associated degradants were successfully distinguished. The antioxidant was quantified and validated utilizing the Kromasil C-18 stationary phase at a temperature of 45° C. The isocratic mobile phase functions at a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min. and comprises fixed proportions of filtered water, acetonitrile, and methanol. The overall AES grade of 77, AGREE grade of 0.6, AGREEprep grade of 0.6, CACI grade of 65, AGSA grade of 63.89, MoGAPI grade of 70, BAGI grade of 77.5, and ultimate whiteness of 96.3 collectively underscore the environmental benefits of the LC method. Research suggests that the proposed approach is distinctive, accurate, reliable, robust, and ecologically advantageous, rendering it appropriate for routine quality control assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical techniques and source apportionment for heavy metal(loid)s in groundwater: A comprehensive review","authors":"Jelena Vesković,&nbsp;Antonije Onjia","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2025.100572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater contamination by heavy metal(loid)(HM) is a pervasive global issue threatening drinking water quality and public health. Effective mitigation requires robust analytical methodologies and predictive modeling frameworks. This review critically assesses cutting-edge instrumental techniques and source apportionment methods for detecting and understanding HM pollution in groundwater. Advanced laboratory techniques, exemplified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), now achieve extraordinary sensitivity with detection limits in the sub-μg/L range and exhibit high precision (relative standard deviations between 2–3 %). Furthermore, hyphenated chromatography-spectrometry techniques, such as ion chromatography coupled to ICP-MS, facilitate detailed chemical speciation, effectively resolving redox-sensitive pairs such as Cr(III)/Cr(VI) and As(III)/As(V) at environmental concentrations (1–50 µg/L). Meanwhile, emerging electrochemical portable sensors enable on-site, real-time monitoring of groundwater quality. For source apportionment, multivariate statistical methods (including receptor models), isotopic fingerprinting, and machine learning algorithms have been increasingly integrated to disentangle complex mixtures of natural versus anthropogenic metal sources. By combining improved detection limits, enhanced speciation insights, and powerful data analytics and modeling tools, modern approaches support groundwater monitoring and pollution source tracking. Nevertheless, challenges such as matrix interferences, instability of metal species during sampling, and overlapping source signatures continue to complicate analysis, underscoring the need for integrated approaches that merge analytical innovation with data-driven tools to refine source attribution and ultimately ensure groundwater safety. Critical knowledge gaps are identified, including the need for more consistent monitoring approaches, closer integration of new analytical tools with field practice, and stronger policies to make sure scientific progress actually leads to better groundwater protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}