Talanta Open最新文献

{"title":"A novel cannabinoid in hemp: Isolation by flash chromatography and identification by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry","authors":"Imma Ferrer,&nbsp;E.Michael Thurman","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel and major cannabinoid (epicannabidiol hydrate) present in hemp plants and oils was isolated and characterized by a combination of flash chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/Q-TOF-MS). This novel cannabinoid differs from cannabidiol (CBD) by the absence of a double bond in the terpene ring and the presence of an additional hydroxyl group in the same terpene ring. The isolation procedure involved the use of normal phase chromatography with a silica gel preparative column, followed by reversed phase chromatography with a C18 preparative column. In this way, other major cannabinoids present in the samples, such as cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, were separated and the focus was placed on the novel cannabinoid compound. Exact accurate masses were obtained for the compound of interest at <em>m/z</em> = 333.2424 in positive ion mode and <em>m/z</em> = 331.2279 in negative ion mode. Additional MS-MS analysis in negative ion mode revealed the position of the additional hydroxyl group in the molecule. Finally, the structural characterization was corroborated with ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR analysis, thus verifying the exact chemical structure of this novel cannabinoid, which has not previously been reported in hemp samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666831924000468/pdfft?md5=7213e08c76d4c10d40595c0ef35eb26d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666831924000468-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141130244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of green chemistry and sensitive method for preconcentration and determination of iron ions with modified multiwall carbon nanotubes using deferoxamine mesylate","authors":"Mitra Ardakani ,&nbsp;Farzaneh Shemirani ,&nbsp;Shahla Mozaffari ,&nbsp;Negin Fasih Ramandi","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified through deferoxamine mesylate and used as an adsorbent for separation and preconcentration of the trace amount of iron ions in food samples followed by a simple, fast and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the termination. The proposed separation and preconcentration method was performed in short time by using a small amount of chemical solvent. Also, the used adsorbent was environmentally friendly and highly compatible with the human body.</p><p>In this study iron was complex with deferoxamine. After extraction, the complex was eluted by HCl 2 % (v/v) and analyzed by a fast, straightforward, and inexpensive UV–Visible spectrometer method. The determination was performed with high selectivity, sensitivity and good accuracy. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.12 µg.<em>L</em>⁻¹ to 500 µg.<em>L</em>⁻¹. The detection limit was obtained 0.08 µg.<em>L</em>⁻¹. The suggested method was used for measuring the trace amount of iron ions in the five food samples: spinach, parsley, cooked pinto beans, and cooked sheep's liver. Based on the obtained results, the proposed method has shown proper sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666831924000456/pdfft?md5=4e87492fbf85fab7a89363af91c76ca1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666831924000456-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141138560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs): A versatile material for biosensor application","authors":"Meiyanti Ratna Kumalasari ,&nbsp;Rokiy Alfanaar ,&nbsp;Agustina Sus Andreani","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have become the focus of rapid research due to their unique optical and electronic properties. There has been a noticeable increase in papers relating to AuNPs, with over 71,000 publications between 2019 and 2024. AuNPs possess exceptional stability, low resistance, high conductivity, and extensive light interaction, making them well-suited for biological sensing applications. This literature study begins by examining different approaches for synthesizing AuNPs, including chemical, physical, and biological methods, before exploring their use as biosensors. A comprehensive examination of the various detection methods, including localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), luminescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and electrochemical properties, is facilitated through an exploration of the fundamental principles and classification of biosensors. We primarily focus on using AuNPs in medical diagnostics, highlighting current advancements in disease detection with AuNPs-based biosensors for conditions like COVID-19, dengue fever, and diabetes. The review emphasizes current research achievements in AuNPs synthesis and the bright prospects for their use in biocompatible and efficient biosensor applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666831924000419/pdfft?md5=738a9a0aa336dc5f0b17c5d20c6dedf7&pid=1-s2.0-S2666831924000419-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A two-way membrane-integrated microfluidic device for evaluation of anti-inflammatory drug through immunohistochemical analysis and permeability assay of keratinocyte cell layers","authors":"Marika Sugimoto ,&nbsp;Naoko Takahashi-Ando ,&nbsp;Naoki Sasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2024.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evaluation of anti-inflammatory drug on a two-way membrane-integrated microfluidic device (TMMD) is presented. Insertion of a porous membrane into a microfluidic device in a vertical direction and attachment of a cover glass to the lateral side of the microfluidic device enabled us to observe the device from two orthogonal directions. HaCaT, a human epidermal keratinocyte, was cultured in the TMMD. The localization of ZO-1, a tight junction protein, between the HaCaT cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. Permeability of the HaCaT cell layer increased after stimulation by potassium dichromate, whereas the pretreatment of the HaCaT by dexamethasone prior to the stimulation kept the permeability unchanged. Deoxynivalenol, an anti-inflammatory drug candidate, kept the permeability unchanged with lower concentrations compared to dexamethasone. We expect that the present TMMD is applicable to various anti-inflammatory drug candidates to evaluate their efficacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666831924000444/pdfft?md5=fc44c2ce5c75d236bd19b178168dbd6e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666831924000444-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141067764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing derivatizing agents for the differentiation of cannabinoid isomers in complex food, beverage and personal-care product matrices by ambient ionization mass spectrometry","authors":"Benedetta Garosi,&nbsp;Megan I. Chambers,&nbsp;Rabi A. Musah","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent legalization and decriminalization of marijuana at the state level has not only contributed to a rise in the recreational use of <em>Cannabis sativa</em>, also known simply as <em>Cannabis</em>, but also to an increase in the range of matrices into which cannabinoids derived from it are infused. Traditional methods for analyzing these products, which are typically chromatography-based, are often matrix-dependent and demand time-consuming and resource-intensive sample preparation protocols that are highly nuanced and not readily applicable to multiple matrix types. Furthermore, the differentiation of cannabinoids can be troublesome without implementing lengthy run times to achieve resolution of chromatographic peaks. With complex samples such as edibles, beverages, personal-care products, and plant materials, a method that can be more universally applied to rapidly detect and differentiate between cannabinoids is highly desirable. In this study, foods and personal-care products under the categories of sweets, spreads, condiments/toppings, beverages, oils, and commercial body products were spiked with cannabinoids including Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabicitran (CBT), and cannabigerol (CBG). Chemical derivatization of the samples with <em>N</em>-methyl-<em>N</em>-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) followed by direct analysis in real time – high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) analysis readily revealed the presence of cannabinoids in the products despite the matrix complexity (i.e., the contributions from matrix-derived peaks did not interfere with the differentiation of cannabinoids). When analyzed under ambient soft ionization conditions, CBT, THC and CBD are indistinguishable because they are isomers with a molecular formula of C₂₁H₃₀O₂ and a protonated monoisotopic mass of 315.2324. However, due to the different number of hydroxyl (-OH) groups (zero in CBT, one in THC, and two in CBD) that engage with the derivatizing agent, the cannabinoids are differentiated based on the mass disparities of the protonated adducts formed (<em>m/z</em> 315.2324, 387.2719 and 459.3119 for CBT, THC, and CBD, respectively), which is readily revealed by DART-HRMS. This approach circumvents some of the challenges currently encountered by forensic laboratories in the analysis of highly complex and diverse cannabinoid-infused matrices. The results show proof-of-concept for an approach that can aid in the differentiation of cannabinoid isomers by DART-HRMS that accommodates high matrix diversity and complexity, and demonstrates the potential for the approach to be integrated into current workflows for the forensic analysis of <em>Cannabis</em>-related materials and evidence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666831924000420/pdfft?md5=84f32f8ddb889e98afac989ca4d96fe0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666831924000420-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141050798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of conditions to minimize mercury losses from leaching test eluates","authors":"L. Kelley,&nbsp;R.C. Delapp,&nbsp;A.C. Garrabrants,&nbsp;D.S. Kosson","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of experiments are described that provide recommendations of modifications to leaching test specifications to minimize losses of mercury from eluates during leaching tests and management of analytical samples. EPA methods of the Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF) were used as a reference point for what steps are most likely to see losses, including filtration, storage of unpreserved mercury contaminated material, and materials of construction for vessels. The potential sorption of mercury to borosilicate glass and PTFE lab materials was tested to determine what materials are suitable to replace HDPE and polypropylene. The experimental findings indicate that bottles constructed of PTFE and Type I (borosilicate) glass are recommended as extraction and containment vessels for mercury-containing liquids. Type I syringe filtration of aqueous mercury samples at pH 2 through 9 through 0.45 µm PTFE filters housed in polypropylene is acceptable; however, sorption losses were observed to occur at pH &gt; 9. Storage of unpreserved liquids containing mercury over extended leaching test intervals did not lead to significant losses of mercury when coupled with minimized headspace. All mercury-containing eluates should include preservation with Optima HNO₃ to a 1 % concentration and gold (III) standard to a concentration of 200 µg/L, followed by refrigeration at &lt;6 °C prior to analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666831924000407/pdfft?md5=9a0820aa87035bef9f0575f7a8ca9acb&pid=1-s2.0-S2666831924000407-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141046303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From flat to folded: An instrument-free solution for chemical and biological paper-based sensing using A-PAP pen technology","authors":"Prakhar Singh,&nbsp;Vibhav Katoch,&nbsp;Kruthi K Rao,&nbsp;Bhanu Prakash","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2024.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Having economical, flexible, disposable and readily manufacturable devices for everyday sensing applications is of paramount importance. We report a novel and cost-effective technique for fabricating paper-based devices using an Advanced PAP (A-PAP) pen, which is capable of withstanding typical aqueous solutions and organic solvents. The quick fabrication process does not require any sophisticated instrumentation or a heating step, making it a promising technology for resource-limited settings. Using an A-PAP pen, we have fabricated two-dimensional (2D) paper-based devices for chemical detection of heavy metal and nitrite. We have also demonstrated the versatility of fabrication technique for biological sensing using 2D lateral flow paper-based devices for the detection of dopamine. Furthermore, the technique is also validated for fabricating complex three-dimensional (3D) paper-based devices using a paper origami technique for heavy metals sensing. The ready-to-use devices can be fabricated in seconds, making them convenient for on-the-spot testing. Overall, this technique provides a valuable tool for creating affordable, efficient, and accessible chemical and biological testing solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666831924000390/pdfft?md5=0a92ba0c028e0c317e9e4f80f29b579e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666831924000390-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of signal intensity of elements in human blood serum using a metal mesh-enhanced CO2 laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in ambient He gas","authors":"Ali Khumaeni ,&nbsp;Wahyu Setia Budi ,&nbsp;Rinda Hedwig ,&nbsp;Kazuyoshi Kurihara ,&nbsp;Masahiko Tani ,&nbsp;Koo Hendrik Kurniawan","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2024.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate and reliable identification and analysis of the elemental composition of human blood serum is of utmost importance. The present investigation included the analysis of human blood serums for elemental composition using a metal mesh-supported CO₂ laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy under a helium gas environment at atmospheric pressure. In this study, a pulsed transversely excited atmospheric CO₂ laser with a wavelength of 10.64 µm and a pulse duration of 200 ns was applied to irradiate the human blood serum film placed on a copper metal to induce a luminous plasma. A significant increment of elemental signal intensity occurs by introducing a metal mesh covering the serum film. Qualitative and quantitative analyses have been conducted on the human blood serum's major, minor, and trace elements. The concentrations of elements in the human blood are estimated to be 9160 parts per million (ppm) for carbon (C), 174 ppm for calcium (Ca), 600 ppm for potassium (K), 1410 ppm for magnesium (Mg), 343 ppm for phosphorus (P), 2180 ppm for sodium (Na), and 48 ppm for iron (Fe). The results of the CO₂ LIBS method demonstrate a high level of concurrence with the results obtained by the conventional XRF method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666831924000365/pdfft?md5=a8a60103280735a7a6b435a32ca71d67&pid=1-s2.0-S2666831924000365-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitive assessment of bilirubin using various color space signals derived from captured images of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices","authors":"Mohamed Farag ,&nbsp;Ashraf A. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Souad A. Elfeky ,&nbsp;Abdelnaby M. Salem","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2024.100323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many neonates’ manifest hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice during the first week following birth because of bilirubin accumulation in the blood. Newborns with severe hyperbilirubinemia develop neurotoxicity. Therefore, sensitive, accurate, cost-effective, and timely determination of bilirubin levels is highly desired. Herein, we present three simple systems of bilirubin assessment based on spectrophotometric, and digital imaging tools. Image-capturing devices pose a formidable challenge to sophisticated spectrophotometers and field-monitoring devices because of their simplicity and sensitivity. The first and second systems of bilirubin assessment, in solution, relied on spectrophotometric and conventional color responses of digital images collected with conventional or android smartphone camera, with LODs of 0.060–0.082 and LOQs of 0.200–0.273 ppm bilirubin. The third system utilized a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μ-PAD) that is patterned with a wax printer on Whatman grade-1 chromatographic papers, with linear calibration graphs of up to 2.70,s and LODs of 0.035–0.040 and LOQs of 0.117–0.133 μg bilirubin/μ-PAD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666831924000377/pdfft?md5=20c559fb17bc62b1413a08e77e46e90e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666831924000377-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic covalent organic frameworks combined with HPLC for determination of alkylphenols","authors":"Ting Cheng ,&nbsp;Yan-Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Zi-Yu Li ,&nbsp;Jia-Hui Zhu ,&nbsp;Jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Yu-Shen Liu ,&nbsp;Lu-Liang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.talo.2024.100320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2024.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alkylphenols are widely applied in the field of industry and agriculture, but their endocrine disrupting properties harm to human health. Moreover, alkylphenols often exhibit the low content in complex samples. Thus, we proposed magnetic covalent organic framework composites (Fe₃O₄@TatTpa) for efficient magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of alkylphenols via hydrogen bonding, π-π and hydrophobic interactions. In combination with HPLC detection, good linearity (0.006–10 µg mL⁻¹) with R² (≥0.997) and low limit of detections (1.8–6 × 10⁻³ µg mL⁻¹) were realized for alkylphenols. The proposed method was successfully employed to determine alkylphenols in soft drink, black oolong tea, and watermelon samples with satisfactory recoveries (86.1–118.5 %) and relative standard deviations (6.3–14.8 %).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":436,"journal":{"name":"Talanta Open","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666831924000341/pdfft?md5=0488ac7389a8f9cfc32965c8a7a82dd5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666831924000341-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140816384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}