Surface Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Catalyst design using an inverse strategy: From mechanistic studies on inverted model catalysts to applications of oxide-coated metal nanoparticles","authors":"Jing Zhang,&nbsp;J. Will Medlin","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Metal-oxide interfaces are of great importance in catalytic applications since each material can provide a distinct functionality that is necessary for efficient catalysis in complex reaction<span> pathways. Moreover, the synergy between two materials can yield properties that exceed the superposition of single sites. While interfaces between metals and metal oxides can play a key role in the reactivity of traditional supported catalysts, significant attention has recently been focused on using “inverted” oxide/metal catalysts to prepare catalytic interfaces with unique properties. In the inverted systems, metal surfaces or </span></span>nanoparticles<span><span> are covered by oxide layers ranging from submonolayer patches to continuous films with thickness at the nanometer scale. Inverse catalysts provide an alternative approach for catalyst design that emphasizes control over interfacial sites, including inverted model catalysts that provide an important tool for elucidation of mechanisms of interfacial catalytic reactions and oxide-coated metal </span>nanoparticles<span> that can yield improved stability, activity and selectivity for practical catalysts.</span></span></p><p><span><span>This review begins by providing a summary of recent progress in the use of inverted model catalysts in surface science studies, where oxides are usually deposited onto the surface of metal </span>single crystals<span> under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Surface-level studies of inverse systems have yielded key insights into interfacial catalysis and facilitated active site identification for important reactions such as CO oxidation, the water-gas shift reaction, and CO</span></span>₂<span> reduction using well-defined model systems, informing strategies for designing improved technical catalysts. We then expand the scope of inverted catalysts, using the “inverse” strategy for preparation of higher-surface area practical catalysts, chiefly through the deposition of metal oxide films or particles onto metal nanoparticles. The synthesis techniques include encapsulation of metal nanoparticles within porous oxide shells to generate core-shell type catalysts using wet chemical techniques, the application of oxide overcoat layers through atomic layer deposition or similar techniques, and spontaneous formation of metal oxide coatings from more conventional catalyst geometries under reaction or pretreatment conditions. Oxide-coated metal nanoparticles have been applied for improvement of catalyst stability, control over transport or binding to active sites, direct modification of the active site structure, and formation of bifunctional sites. Following a survey of recent studies in each of these areas, future directions of inverted catalytic systems are discussed.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"73 4","pages":"Pages 117-152"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1945442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions of incident H atoms with metal surfaces","authors":"Michelle S. Hofman ,&nbsp;Dwayne Z. Wang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Yang ,&nbsp;Bruce E. Koel","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Atomic hydrogen is a highly reactive species of interest because of its role in a wide range of applications and technologies. Knowledge about the interactions of incident H atoms on metal surfaces is important for our understanding of many processes such as those occurring in plasma-enhanced catalysis and nuclear fusion in tokamak reactors. Herein we review some of the numerous experimental </span>surface science studies that have focused on the interactions of H atoms that are incident on low-Miller index metal single-crystal surfaces. We briefly summarize the different incident H atom reaction mechanisms and several of the available methods to create H atoms in </span>UHV<span> environments before addressing the key thermodynamic and kinetic data available on metal and modified metal surfaces. Generally, H atoms are very reactive and exhibit high sticking coefficients even on metals where H</span></span>₂<span> molecules do not dissociate under UHV conditions. This reactivity is often reduced by adsorbates on the surface, which also create new reaction pathways. Abstraction of surface-bound D(H) adatoms<span> by incident H(D) atoms often occurs by an Eley-Rideal mechanism, while a hot atom mechanism produces structural effects in the abstraction rates and forms homonuclear products. Additionally, incident H atoms can often induce surface reconstructions and populate subsurface and bulk absorption sites. The absorbed H atoms recombine to desorb H</span></span>₂<span> at lower temperature and can also exhibit higher subsequent reactivity with adsorbates than surface-bound H adatoms. Incident H atoms, either directly or via sorbed hydrogen species, hydrogenate adsorbed hydrocarbons, sulfur, alkali metals, oxygen, halogens, and other adatoms and small molecules. Thus, H atoms from the gas phase incident on surfaces and adsorbed layers create new reaction channels and products beyond those found from interactions of H</span>₂<span> molecules. Detailed aspects of the dynamics and energy transfer associated with these interactions and the important applications of hydrogen in plasma processing of semiconductors are beyond the scope of this review.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"73 4","pages":"Pages 153-189"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1828690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of halogens on metal surfaces","authors":"B.V. Andryushechkin ,&nbsp;T.V. Pavlova ,&nbsp;K.N. Eltsov","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>This paper presents a review of the experimental and theoretical investigations of halogen interaction with metal surfaces. The emphasis was placed on the recent measurements performed with a scanning tunneling microscope in combination with </span>density functional theory<span> calculations. The surface structures formed on metal surface after halogen interaction are classified into three groups: chemisorbed monolayer, surface halide, bulk-like halide. Formation of monolayer structures is described in terms of </span></span>surface phase transitions<span>. Surface halide phases are considered to be intermediates between chemisorbed halogen and bulk halide. The modern theoretical approaches in studying the dynamics of metal halogenation reactions are also presented.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"73 3","pages":"Pages 83-115"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2344306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess electrons in reduced rutile and anatase TiO2","authors":"Wen-Jin Yin ,&nbsp;Bo Wen ,&nbsp;Chuanyao Zhou ,&nbsp;Annabella Selloni ,&nbsp;Li-Min Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>As a prototypical photocatalyst, TiO</span>₂<span> is a material of scientific and technological interest. In photocatalysis and other applications, TiO</span>₂ is often reduced, behaving as an <em>n</em>-type semiconductor with unique physico-chemical properties. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the fundamental properties and applications of excess electrons in reduced, undoped TiO₂. We discuss the characteristics of excess electrons in the bulk and at the surface of rutile and anatase TiO₂ focusing on their localization, spatial distribution, energy levels, and dynamical properties. We examine specific features of the electronic states for photoexcited TiO₂<span><span>, for intrinsic oxygen vacancy<span> and Ti interstitial defects, and for surface </span></span>hydroxyls. We discuss similarities and differences in the behaviors of excess electrons in the rutile and anatase phases. Finally, we consider the effect of excess electrons on the reactivity, focusing on the interaction between excess electrons and adsorbates.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"73 2","pages":"Pages 58-82"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.02.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1828691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lab-based ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy from past to present","authors":"Chris Arble,&nbsp;Meng Jia,&nbsp;John T. Newberg","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical interactions which occur at a heterogeneous interface between a gas and substrate are critical in many technological and natural processes. Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) is a powerful spectroscopy tool that is inherently surface sensitive, elemental and chemical specific, with the ability to probe sample surfaces in the presence of a gas phase. In this review, we discuss the evolution of lab-based AP-XPS instruments, from the first development by Siegbahn and coworkers up through modern day systems. A comprehensive overview is given of heterogeneous experiments investigated to date via lab-based AP-XPS along with the different instrumental metrics that affect the quality of sample probing. We conclude with a discussion of future directions for lab-based AP-XPS, highlighting the efficacy for this in-demand instrument to continue to expand in its ability to significantly advance our understanding of surface chemical processes under <em>in situ</em> conditions in a technologically multidisciplinary setting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"73 2","pages":"Pages 37-57"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1945439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating the surface of nanoceria and its applications in heterogeneous catalysis","authors":"Yuanyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Gao ,&nbsp;Zhiyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Sai Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhimin Tian ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Liu ,&nbsp;Johnny C. Ho ,&nbsp;Yongquan Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Ceria (CeO</span>₂<span>) as a support, additive, and active component for heterogeneous catalysis<span> has been demonstrated to have great catalytic performance, which includes excellent thermal structural stability, catalytic efficiency, and chemoselectivity. Understanding the surface properties of CeO</span></span>₂<span> and the chemical reactions occurred on the corresponding interfaces is of great importance in the rational design of heterogeneous catalysts for various reactions. In general, the reversible Ce</span>³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox pair and the surface acid-base properties contribute to the superior intrinsic catalytic capability of CeO₂, and hence yield enhanced catalytic phenomenon in many reactions. Particularly, nanostructured CeO₂<span> is characterized by a large number of surface-bound defects, which are primarily oxygen vacancies<span>, as the surface active catalytic sites. Many efforts have therefore been made to control the surface defects and properties of CeO</span></span>₂ by various synthetic strategies and post-treatments. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in regulating the surface structure and composition of CeO₂ and its applications in catalysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"73 1","pages":"Pages 1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1945443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrokinetic mechanism of wettability alternation at oil-water-rock interface","authors":"Huanhuan Tian,&nbsp;Moran Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Design of ions for injection water may change the wettability of oil-brine-rock (OBR) system, which has very important applications in enhanced oil recovery. Though ion-tuned wettability has been verified by various experiments, the mechanism is still not clear. In this review paper, we first present a comprehensive summarization of possible wettability alteration mechanisms, including fines migration or dissolution, multicomponent ion-exchange (MIE), electrical double layer (EDL) interaction between rock and oil, and repulsive hydration force. To clarify the key mechanism, we introduce a complete frame of theories to calculate attribution of EDL repulsion to wettability alteration by assuming </span>constant binding<span> forces (no MIE) and rigid smooth surface (no fines migration or dissolution). The frame consists of three parts: the classical Gouy-Chapman model coupled with interface charging mechanisms to describe EDL in oil-brine-rock systems, three methods with different boundary assumptions to evaluate EDL interaction energy, and the modified Young-Dupré equation to link EDL interaction energy with contact angle. The quantitative analysis for two typical oil-brine-rock systems provides two physical maps that show how the EDL interaction influences contact angle at different ionic composition. The result indicates that the contribution of EDL interaction to ion-tuned wettability for the studied system is not quite significant. The classical and advanced experimental work using </span></span>microfabrication is reviewed briefly on the contribution of EDL repulsion to wettability alteration and compared with the theoretical results. It is indicated that the roughness of real rock surface may enhance EDL interaction. Finally we discuss some pending questions, perspectives and promising applications based on the mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"72 6","pages":"Pages 369-391"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2018.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1828692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spin-wave resonance as a tool for probing surface anisotropies in ferromagnetic thin films: Application to the study of (Ga,Mn)As","authors":"H. Puszkarski ,&nbsp;P. Tomczak","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2017.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2017.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In this paper we provide a concise review of present achievements in the study of spin-wave resonance (SWR) in ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As thin films. The theoretical treatment of the experimental SWR data obtained so far concentrates specifically on the spherical surface pinning (SSP) model, in which the surface spin pinning energy is expressed by configuration angles (the out-of-plane polar angle </span><span><math><mi>ϑ</mi></math></span> and the in-plane azimuthal angle <span><math><mi>φ</mi></math></span><span>) defining the direction of surface magnetization in the considered thin film. The model is based on a series expansion of the surface spin pinning energy; the terms in the series represent the respective pinning contributions from the cubic anisotropy as well as uniaxial anisotropies. Comparing theory with the reported experimental studies of SWR in thin films of the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As, we find that besides the first-order cubic anisotropy, higher-order cubic anisotropies (in the second and third orders) as well as uniaxial anisotropies (perpendicular in the first and second orders, and in-plane diagonal) occur on the surface of this material. We use our results to plot a 3D hypersurface visualizing the angle dependence of the surface spin pinning energy in configurational space. An advantage of this spatial representation is that the shape of the obtained hypersurface allows us to predict new SWR effects that have not yet been observed experimentally. Prospective experimental studies for the verification of this surface pinning model would bring new insight into the surface anisotropy phenomenon in (Ga,Mn)As thin films and help complete the knowledge in this field, the shortage of which in the literature available to date is becoming bothersome.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"72 5","pages":"Pages 351-367"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2017.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1945444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fundamental surface science of wurtzite gallium nitride","authors":"V.M. Bermudez","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2017.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2017.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A review is presented that covers the experimental and theoretical literature relating to the preparation, electronic structure and chemical and physical properties of the surfaces of the wurtzite form of GaN. The discussion includes the adsorption of various chemical elements and of inorganic, organometallic and organic species. The focus is on work that contributes to a microscopic, atomistic understanding of GaN surfaces and interfaces, and the review concludes with an assessment of possible future directions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"72 4","pages":"Pages 147-315"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2017.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2484827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supramolecular self-assembly on the B-Si(111)-(√3x√3) R30° surface: From single molecules to multicomponent networks","authors":"Younes Makoudi ,&nbsp;Judicaël Jeannoutot ,&nbsp;Frank Palmino ,&nbsp;Frédéric Chérioux ,&nbsp;Guillaume Copie ,&nbsp;Christophe Krzeminski ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Cleri ,&nbsp;Bruno Grandidier","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2017.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2017.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Understanding the physical and chemical processes in which local interactions lead to ordered structures is of particular relevance to the realization of supramolecular architectures on surfaces. While spectacular patterns have been demonstrated on metal surfaces, there have been fewer studies of the spontaneous organization of supramolecular networks on semiconductor surfaces, where the formation of </span>covalent bonds<span> between organics and adatoms usually hamper the </span></span>diffusion<span><span> of molecules and their subsequent interactions with each other. However, the saturation of the dangling bonds at a semiconductor surface is known to make them inert and offers a unique way for the engineering of molecular patterns on these surfaces. This review describes the physicochemical properties of the passivated B-Si(111)-(√3x√3) R30° surface, that enable the self-assembly of molecules into a rich variety of extended and regular structures on </span>silicon<span><span>. Particular attention is given to computational methods based on multi-scale simulations that allow to rationalize the relative contribution of the dispersion forces involved in the self-assembled networks observed with scanning tunneling microscopy<span>. A summary of state of the art studies, where a fine tuning of the molecular network topology has been achieved, sheds light on new frontiers for exploiting the construction of </span></span>supramolecular structures on semiconductor surfaces.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"72 4","pages":"Pages 316-349"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2017.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1945445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}