Surface Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Recent endeavoring in biosurface and biointerface analysis with kinetic electrons and ions","authors":"Oscar Malvar ,&nbsp;Giacomo Ceccone ,&nbsp;Paulina Rakowska ,&nbsp;Miran Mozetič ,&nbsp;Teresa Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Miguel Manso Silván","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2026.100678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2026.100678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research in the field of biointerfaces is currently expanding because of continuous scientific demands stemming from different areas of biology and biomedicine. The most challenging questions require new technological advancements, often emerging from apparently distant disciplines, such as vacuum science and technology (VST). If living systems are characterized by their molecular diversity and scaled hierarchical structure, VST provides a palette of bioanalytical techniques designed to disentangle emerging complex biointerface structures. We review crucial developments in bioanalytical systems concentrating on those based on kinetic electrons and ions. Developments in these techniques are closing the vacuum gap between the conditions required for a sensitive analysis and the natural environment of the sample (near ambient pressure analysis). The biomedical field has been the focus of most of the reviewed developments, with an emphasis on recent research related to microbiological analysis. Additional examples from environmental applications, zoology or agriculture (among others) are also presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"81 2","pages":"Article 100678"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning empowered surface growth of 2D materials: Synthesis, characterization and mechanism","authors":"Wenjin Gao ,&nbsp;Chenqiang Hua ,&nbsp;Tianchao Niu ,&nbsp;Miao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2026.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2026.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials provides a versatile platform to transcend the fundamental limitations of silicon-based electronics and continue the miniaturization of field-effect transistors, yet the epitaxial growth of wafer-scale, single-crystalline structure remains a formidable challenge. In recent years, the vigorous development of machine learning (ML) techniques has contributed to a revolutionary shift in materials synthesis, characterization and application, offering unprecedented opportunities for scientific and technological innovations that are inaccessible through traditional experimental and computational methods. This review aims to outline recent progress of ML-assisted 2D materials growth, including optimizing synthesis conditions, automating real-time characterizations and unveiling growth mechanisms. Current challenges and future prospects in this frontier research field are also discussed. Overall, this review highlights the synergy between advanced ML techniques and surface growth approaches for accelerated materials synthesis and intelligent design of next-generation functional devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"81 1","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface-anchored, oriented, monolithic Metal–Organic framework thin films: Surface and interface phenomena in crystalline MOF architectures","authors":"Lejie Tian ,&nbsp;Jianxi Liu ,&nbsp;Christof Wöll","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2025.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2025.100669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials renowned for their high porosity, chemical tunability, and modular design. The development of surface-anchored and oriented MOF thin films—particularly those fabricated by layer-by-layer or epitaxial growth—has shifted MOF research from powder studies to investigations of well-defined, surface-confined architectures. This review examines MOF thin films from a surface-science perspective, emphasizing how controlled growth at well-defined interfaces enables quantitative studies of structure–property relationships, interfacial charge and energy transfer, polarization-dependent optical responses, and dynamic guest–host interactions. The long-range crystallographic order achievable in these oriented films gives rise to band-structure effects and anisotropic transport phenomena that cannot be observed in MOF thin films prepared from powder-derived particles. Their monolithic and defect-controlled nature allows detailed characterization by advanced surface-sensitive techniques such as IRRAS, XPS, NEXAFS, UPS, nanoindentation, ellipsometry, and AFM, providing direct links between microscopic structure and macroscopic functionality. Beyond serving as model systems, oriented MOF films represent versatile platforms for adsorption, catalysis, and electronic coupling at hybrid organic–inorganic interfaces. The review also highlights how computational modeling, machine learning, and AI-guided synthesis accelerate the rational design of interface-engineered MOF architectures with tailored properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"80 4","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radical surface chemistry: Augmentation of reactivity by radicals at aqueous interfaces","authors":"Kurt W. Kolasinski","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2025.100668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2025.100668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cooperativity and non-additive interactions play central roles in the unusual and surprising behavior of water. A host of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including the hydroxyl radical ^•OH, superoxide radical anion (O₂^−•), hydroperoxide radical (HO₂^•), singlet oxygen (¹O₂), and also the more recently discussed water radical cation/anion pair (H₂O^+•/H₂O^−•) all add to the more familiar acid/base chemical pathways tread by hydronium (H₃O⁺) and hydroxide (OH⁻). This is amplified in surface science because interfacial water – whether found at the gas/liquid, gas/solid, or liquid/solid interface – poses yet more unique behavior. This review explores the unexpected chemistry associated with ambient temperature aqueous interfaces much of which is mediated not only by ions and neutrals as expected, but also radical species. Water microdroplets catalyze numerous reactions and can also support simultaneous oxidation and reduction reactions through the production of reactive intermediates that owe their existence to the unique influence of the air/water or oil/water interface. Interfacial water influences and is influenced by the ubiquitous phenomenon of contact electrification, a manifestation of spontaneous symmetry breaking. The mechanisms of chemistry not only on and in microdroplets but also at the gas/solid and liquid/solid interfaces rely on a broad set of chemical transformations mediated by radicals. Furthermore, because aqueous macro- and micro-interfaces are ubiquitous on Earth, we find that water radical-mediated chemistry has applications to atmospheric chemistry, geochemistry, mineral weathering, pre-biotic chemistry, enhanced enzyme performance, wastewater remediation, public health, mechanochemistry, and potentially novel routes to pharmaceuticals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"80 4","pages":"Article 100668"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic insights into the initial oxidation process of single crystalline platinum group metal surfaces: From subsurface oxygen, a ghost species, towards surface oxide","authors":"Herbert Over","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2025.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2025.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this review, the initial oxidation process of low-index surfaces of single-crystalline platinum group metals (PGMs: Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, and Pt) is discussed in detail at the atomic level, involving several types of oxygen species: chemisorbed O, subsurface O, dissolved O, oxidic O. The oxidation of PGMs begins only when the surface of the PGM is saturated with chemisorbed O. Oxygen penetration into the metal is a critical next step in surface oxide formation, which can occur either through the step edge or directly through the terrace, depending on the oxidants chosen (O₂, NO₂, atomic O, and ozone O₃). However, subsurface oxygen (oxygen directly below the top metal layer) does not form a separate phase in PGM. Instead, a surface oxide consisting of a single O-Me-O trilayer nucleates and grows (heterogeneous growth mode). The oxidation process is a nonlinear process with self-acceleration and passivation behavior, where many processes occur in parallel and in sequence, so that patterning can occur on different length scales. For this reason, oxidation studies must be performed at both the atomic and mesoscale using powerful combinations of surface science techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"80 2","pages":"Article 100659"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances of two-dimensional organic topological insulators: surface synthesis and characterization","authors":"Xingyue Wang ,&nbsp;Jia Wang ,&nbsp;Haoxuan Ding ,&nbsp;Minghu Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2025.100660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2025.100660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional (2D) organic topological insulators (OTIs) have garnered increasing interest due to their SOC-induced band gaps and topological boundary states that connect the valence and conduction bands. Experimental efforts utilizing substrate-mediated self-assembly have successfully fabricated 2D organic frameworks with various lattice symmetries. The vast diversity of organic molecules and the wide range of possible coordination interactions between organic ligands and metal atoms have led to significant attention toward these frameworks. However, the experimental realization of large-scale, ordered 2D OTIs remains challenging. In particular, the synthesis of monolayer 2D OTIs featuring nearly flat bands due to destructive quantum interference near the Fermi level has been elusive. With advancements in synthetic chemistry and on-surface synthesis techniques, the number of theoretically-predicted 2D OTIs has been gradually experimentally realized. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of 2D OTIs, with a particular focus on the experimental identification of nontrivial flat bands. Finally, we discuss future research directions and the challenges associated with characterizing these novel quantum materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"80 2","pages":"Article 100660"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in secondary and backscattered electron energy spectra and yields analysis: From theory to applications","authors":"Simone Taioli,&nbsp;Maurizio Dapor","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2024.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2024.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, experimental microscopy and spectroscopy have made significant progress in the study of the morphological, optical, electronic and transport properties of materials. These developments include higher spatial resolution, shorter acquisition times, more efficient monochromators and electron analysers, improved contrast imaging and advancements in sample preparation techniques. These advances have driven the need for more accurate theoretical descriptions and predictions of material properties. Computer simulations based on first principles and Monte Carlo methods have emerged as a rapidly growing field for modelling the interaction of charged particles, such as electron, proton and ion beams, with various systems, such as slabs, nanostructures and crystals. This report delves into the theoretical and computational approaches to modelling the physico-chemical mechanisms that occur when charged beams interact with a medium. These mechanisms encompass single and collective electronic excitation, ionisation of the target atoms and the generation of a secondary electron cascade that deposits energy into the irradiated material. We show that the combined application of ab initio methods, which are able to model the dynamics of interacting many-fermion systems, and Monte Carlo methods, which capture statistical fluctuations in energy loss mechanisms by random sampling, proves to be an optimal strategy for the accurate description of charge transport in solids. This joint quantitative approach enables the theoretical interpretation of excitation, loss and secondary electron spectra, the analysis of the chemical composition and dielectric properties of solids and contributes to our understanding of irradiation-induced damage in materials, including those of biological significance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"80 1","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy at surfaces and interfaces: Adsorbate structure and molecular bond orientation","authors":"Xia Li,&nbsp;Günther Rupprechter","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2024.100645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2024.100645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared (IR)-visible (Vis) sum frequency generation (SFG) is a second-order nonlinear optical process which is forbidden in centrosymmetric bulk media or isotropic phases, but allowed at (open) surfaces or (buried) interfaces where the inversion symmetry is broken. SFG spectroscopy is thus inherently surface- or interface-specific, providing information about the structure, orientation, surface number density, chirality, and dynamics of molecules, provided the system of interest is accessible by light. This review illustrates basic SFG concepts, theory, operation modes (e.g., frequency-domain, broadband, homodyne/heterodyne, time-resolved), and recent extensions and developments of SFG (e.g., doubly resonant, plasmon-enhanced, chiral, microscopy). To illustrate the wide range of SFG applications, selected case studies discuss the characterization of molecular structure and bond orientation at solid-gas, solid-liquid, liquid-air, liquid-liquid, and solid-solid interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"79 4","pages":"Article 100645"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hexagonal boron nitride on metal surfaces as a support and template","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2024.100637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2024.100637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synthesis and characterization of two dimensional materials are in the focus of nanomaterial and surface science, heterogeneous catalytic and nanoelectronic research laying the basis for various technological applications. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is an important member of 3D and reduced dimensional materials. Atomically clean sp²-hybridized 2D nano-layers can be grown on various metal supports by different chemical and physical vapor deposition techniques. In case of a significant lattice mismatch and a strong interaction at the h-BN/metal interface, a periodically undulating monolayer - a so-called “moirè structure” - is formed. In the present review, we address some important characteristics of h-BN prepared on several metal surfaces, and we focus on its application as a template for individual atoms, metal clusters and molecules. Moreover, several experimental findings are collected about the features and applications of monolayer h-BN nanosheets as supporting materials. We highlight the results of recent surface science studies, which emphasize the unique role of h-BN including nanomeshes in characteristic adsorption properties, stability and catalytic activity. The characterization of few layer and defective h-BN involving their catalytic applications are also the subject of the present review. We present a comprehensive overview on the electronic and vibrational states of nanoparticles (covered by adsorbates, as well) monitored by surface spectroscopy tools, e.g. XPS, ARPES, UPS, LEIS, AES, STS and HREELS. We also elaborate on the structural and morphological information of h-BN nanoobjects obtained by scanning probe microscopy (SPM). It is also highlighted that density functional theory (DFT) is considered as a very important complementary technique contributing to the better understanding of experimental results. Beside updated recollection of key findings, we outline the present and future research directions of 2D materials and their heterostructures including h-BN-based systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"79 3","pages":"Article 100637"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167572924000165/pdfft?md5=f6a1e280c0f20928280077b2553c9f20&pid=1-s2.0-S0167572924000165-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141409783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of epitaxial films and heterostructures","authors":"Scott A. Chambers","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2024.100638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2024.100638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a powerful experimental technique that yields invaluable information on a range of phenomena that occur in solids, liquids, and gasses. The binding energy and shape of a photoemission peak is sensitive not only to the atomic number, valence and orbital from which the electron is ejected, but also to complex many-body effects that accompany photoemission. Provided the influences of these different drivers of spectral line shapes can be disentangled, a great deal can be learned about the electronic structure of materials of interest. In addition to these largely local effects, the long-range electrostatic environment and resulting electric potential at the emitting atom also have a direct effect on the measured binding energies. This fact opens the door to extracting information about the dependence of the valence and conduction band minima on depth below the surface, which in turn allows both vertical and lateral electrical transport data to be better understood. One purpose of this Report is to summarize how the different physical forces described above impact the spectral properties of complex oxide epitaxial films. This class of materials typically incorporates transition metal cations in different valences and such ions exhibit the most complex core-level spectra of any on the periodic chart. A second purpose is to show how a comprehensive understanding of local physical effects in x-ray photoemission allows one to model spectra and extract from core-level line shapes and binding energies detailed information on built-in potentials and band edge discontinuities in heterostructures involving complex oxides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"79 3","pages":"Article 100638"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}