Sensors and Actuators Reports最新文献

{"title":"Polymer brushes for sensing in food systems: Opportunities and challenges span from organophosphorus pesticide to pathogen detection","authors":"Raphael D. Ayivi ,&nbsp;Bukola O. Adesanmi ,&nbsp;Maria J. Torres ,&nbsp;Sherine O. Obare ,&nbsp;Carmen L. Gomes ,&nbsp;Eric S. McLamore","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer brushes are tethered nanomaterial surface coatings that have important applications in smart release systems, pollutant degradation technologies, and sensors. Most applications of brushes have been in the medical domain, but there is an exciting opportunity to develop responsive interfaces for sensor applications in food systems. In this review article, we summarize common synthesis approaches as well as general mechanisms for stimulus-response behavior. We discuss emerging opportunities and challenges for polymer brush sensors in detection of six key targets in the food system: VOCs, nutraceuticals and bio-active compounds, pesticides, inorganic phosphates and other food additives, proteins such as allergens, and pathogens. Specific to food systems, major challenges include sample (matrix) complexity, material sustainability for sensor development, scalability of polymer brush synthesis, regulatory approval, and trust/transparency in new automated decision support approaches. Here, we also highlight general opportunities and challenges in polymer brush sensing related to advancing cyber-physical systems via decision support systems based on AI. Rapid sensing is crucial for monitoring systems in the farm-to-fork continuum. Polymer brushes are poised to play a key role in development of advanced interfacial control systems in smart sensor systems, opening new doors toward real time monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally driven death-melting curve analysis for rapid and straightforward identification of bacteria","authors":"Yanlin Chen ,&nbsp;Wenxu Wang ,&nbsp;Shuhan Jiang,&nbsp;Zihan Gao,&nbsp;Liwen Liu,&nbsp;Xueping Ning,&nbsp;Shengbin He","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial identification remains pivotal for biological research, food safety control, clinical diagnosis and effective treatment. Generally, 16S rRNA-based sequencing and antibody-based immunoassay are used to identify bacteria; however, both of them are time-consuming and expensive. Herein, we put forward a thermally driven death-melting curve analysis (DMCA) method to identify bacteria rapidly. In the method, SYBR Green I and a fluorescent reader with heating models were used to trace both the biomembrane integrity (viability) and dsDNA of the bacteria. During the heating-up of the bacteria from 37 to 98 °C, the fluorescent microplate reader was able to record the death curves of the bacteria and melting curves of the dsDNA in the bacteria. Different bacteria showed noticeable differences in thermostability and dsDNA component, allowing possible identification of these bacteria through Pearson Correlation analysis or dimension reduction analysis of the death-melting curves. By using nine bacterial strains as a proof-of-concept model, clear identification between the bacteria was accomplished without use of antibodies. The DMCA was successfully employed for the mapping of soil single-cell derived bacteria, the result of which was partly in agreement with that of the 16 s RNA-based sequencing. Thus, our study provides a rapid, high-throughput, and low-cost approach for bacteria identification, and we believe it would have many potential applications in bacteriological research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effective and label-free split aptamer constructs for rapid and visual detection of PDGF-BB protein","authors":"Yingping Luo ,&nbsp;Tongtong Lai ,&nbsp;Yi Tang ,&nbsp;Linhui Xie ,&nbsp;Jingyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Peiyao Chen ,&nbsp;Jiancai Tang ,&nbsp;Qiang Su ,&nbsp;Qiao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Though considerable efforts are focusing on the development of different types of sensors for platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) determination, few of these approaches can achieve cost-effective, rapid, and sensitive detecting PDGF-BB by naked eye. Herein, we developed a novel, cost-effective, label-free and robust sensor based on split aptamer recognition and proximity-induced formation of G-quadruplex DNAzyme for rapid and visual detection of PDGF-BB. The two segments of constructed sensor, termed as split aptazyme (SA), were separated in the absence of PDGF-BB, but effectively assemble after binding the target to form DNAzyme structure that could catalyze the H₂O₂-mediated oxidation of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid, generating a dark green color within 5 min which could be observed by naked eye. Notably, the SA demonstrated here showed a wide linear response to PDGF-BB from 0 to 500 nM in bio-samples with a limit of detection as low as 0.7 nM. Therefore, we believe that such an approach should be readily applicable for on-site visual detection of PDGF-BB for cancer monitoring and diagnosis. The newly developed SA strategy also offers attractive universal sensing platforms for rapid and visual detection of other protein biomarkers that only have one binding site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100355"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of continuous glucose monitoring sensors: principles, core technologies and performance evaluation","authors":"Xinying Wu ,&nbsp;Xingyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Weiliang Chen ,&nbsp;Qinghua Chen ,&nbsp;Linghai Kong ,&nbsp;Peiyao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, a condition resulting from insufficient or impaired insulin secretion and utilization. As the global prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) technology has emerged as a key solution. The flexible electrode design and ‘‘24/7′’ coverage of CGM systems address the discomfort associated with traditional Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM), reducing the need for frequent fingertip punctures and improving patient compliance. The shift from BGM to CGM technology can be attributed to significant advancements in electrode design, material selection, and sensor performance. This paper reviews recent advancements in CGM systems, focusing on the principles of the four sensor generations, core sensing technologies, outer membrane design, and key performance indicators. Finally, this paper provides a summary and outlook on future research directions in CGM sensors development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100361"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photo-induced chemiresistive sensor for lactate and glucose monitoring","authors":"Nastaran Taleghani,&nbsp;Farbod Aleaziz,&nbsp;Fariborz Taghipour","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biosensors provide essential information on the health condition and performance of the body by identifying the concentration of specific biomarkers. Photoelectrochemical biosensors operate based on the principle of separation of excitation and detection sources, leading to advantages such as a very low detection limit. Here, a novel photo-induced chemiresistive biosensor is introduced that addresses the key challenges of existing biosensors and provides favorable analytical performance. A highly sensitive and selective ultraviolet (UV)-induced zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanorod/lactate oxidase chemiresistive biosensor for lactate monitoring in sweat was designed. The sensor exhibited excellent lactate monitoring capability. Further, the biosensor showed superb selectivity with responses of 1 % or less when exposed to interfering molecules, indicating its potential for analyzing the target biomarker in biological samples. Furthermore, the biosensor exhibited high reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of &lt;2 % and long-term storage stability, highlighting its potential for practical purposes. To further demonstrate the application of this platform for the detection of other biomarkers, a UV-induced ZnO nanorod/glucose oxidase chemiresistive biosensor was developed for glucose monitoring. The overall results indicated the potential of this transduction platform as a promising technique with excellent analytical performance for detecting different biomarkers in biological fluids for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lab on-tip fiber based on dual side hole LSPR for vitamin K1 detection","authors":"Mohammad-Mahdi Babakhani-Fard,&nbsp;Mohammad Ismail Zibaii,&nbsp;Soroush Rostami,&nbsp;Hamid Latifi","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting, bone metabolism and diverse physiological functions. This study aims to simulate and fabricate a functional dual side hole fiber (DSHF) biosensor to Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) and multi-walled carbon nanotube/chitosan (MWCNT/Chit) nanohybrid as a lab-on-tip fiber (LOTF) for detecting vitamin K₁ (VK₁). Label-free LOTF based on refractive index (RI) sensing was designed based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) using immobilizing CSNPs to the DSHF tip. DSHF was fabricated using chemical etching a tip of PM fiber optic. The finite element method (FEM) and experimental analysis indicate that the functionalized DSHF to CSNPs can sense the RI range of 1.3332-1.3604 RIU with extremely high RI sensitivities of <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>U</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>∼</mo><mn>2322.84</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>n</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>U</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>∼</mo><mn>2310.35</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>n</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span> respectively. The obtained limit of detection of the sensor for VK₁ was 1.06 × 10^-5 µg/l in the range of 0-10^-3 g/l. To evaluate the applicability of the proposed method in the actual sample, the sensor was tested in the human serum sample. The selectivity of the LOTF was measured using cholesterol, dopamine, glucose, heparin, and vitamin C (VC) as interfering elements. The extremely high sensitivity and selectivity of this optical fiber biosensor to VK₁ is due to a specific redox reaction between coated MWCNT/Chit nanohybrid and VK₁ molecules, leading to a significant increase in the dielectric function of the nanohybrid and following it the LSPR resonance wavelength of the proposed biosensor was shifted at different concentrations of VK₁.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, fabrication, and decontamination of low-cost microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification","authors":"Vi T. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Clifford Anderson ,&nbsp;Karen S. Anderson ,&nbsp;Jennifer Blain Christen","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid assays, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), are difficult to implement in point-of-care microfluidic devices because bubbles often form. We present a reaction chamber design called same-depth inlet outlet (SDIO), which was found to reduce the instances of bubble formation by an average of 92.2 % across different flow rates when compared to traditional designs. We designed the fabrication process using xurography, laser cutting, and lamination techniques, which enable rapid and low-cost prototyping. The fabrication methods were evaluated for nuclease contamination, and best practices to reduce nucleases during and after chip assembly are detailed. Our technique, using a combination of ethanol rinses and ultraviolet-C light radiation, was found to reduce RNases up to tenfold. Different materials were tested for microfluidic compatibility with LAMP assay reagents by making chips that realistically emulate final surface areas and volumes. A variation in performance was found among different adhesives, where the best fluorescence ratio between positive and negative reactions was 4.63. Our microfluidic design was validated by amplifying a spiked RT-LAMP assay with SARS-CoV-2 primers in the reaction chambers. The overall findings aim to facilitate early-stage development and prototyping of microfluidic devices with consistent and reliable results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemiluminescent magnetic biosensor for simultaneous microRNA and parathyroid hormone detection via resonance energy transfer","authors":"Muhammad Faizan ,&nbsp;Punklahan Nutthawadee ,&nbsp;Chi-Hsien Liu ,&nbsp;Pravanjan Malla ,&nbsp;Wei-Chi Wu ,&nbsp;Paiboon Sreearunothai ,&nbsp;Yen-Han Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thyroid-related malignancies often involve both oncogenic alterations and endocrine imbalance, necessitating integrated biomarker monitoring. In this work, we report an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) magnetic biosensor for the simultaneous detection of microRNA (miR) and parathyroid hormone (PTH), two clinically relevant indicators of thyroid cancer and parathyroid dysfunction. The sensing platform leverages luminol as an ECL donor and organic dyes as energy acceptors within a chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) framework, enabling excitation-free signal generation with low background interference. Surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles serve as dual-function carriers, facilitating efficient magnetic enrichment and high-affinity target recognition. The system achieves sensitive and specific dual-analyte detection in a single assay with broad linear ranges and rapid turnaround. Limits of detection in human serum were 0.38 fM for miR-222 and 0.22 pg/mL for PTH. This CRET-ECL magnetic biosensor offers a rapid, sensitive, and minimally invasive approach for point-of-care evaluation of thyroid malignancy and associated endocrine disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay of surface nanotopography and tether flexibility towards analyte capture by tethered receptors","authors":"Matteo Beggiato,&nbsp;Hugo Payen,&nbsp;Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineering topography and chemistry at the molecular length scale holds significant potential to control analyte binding at the biosensing interface. Here, we investigate the influence of nanotopography on analyte capture, by receptors tethered to the sensor surface via rigid or flexible tethers. Two different scenarios for analyte binding are investigated, viz. gold nanoparticles (as pseudo analyte) to aminated surfaces and neutravidin to biotinylated surfaces. The findings reveal the impact of nanotopography to be different depending on whether the amine or biotin receptors were bound to surface via rigid or flexible tethers. In case of rigid tethers, the nanotopography was found to have an influence beyond what could be attributed to the increase in surface areas. When flexible tethers were used, the increase in analyte capture could be attributed to the increase in surface areas as well as an increase in analyte capture efficiencies due to flexible tethers. The findings highlight the nanotopography and tether flexibility as having unique potential to maximize analyte capture efficiencies on affinity biosensors. The use of nano-QCM sensors exhibiting well-defined, periodic nanotopographies proved indispensable to real-time, label-free quantification of analyte⬄nanostructure interactions at the nano biosensing interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100388"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel colorimetric lead ion detection method using lead-2′3-dimercaptosuccinic acid chelates to catalyze etching of gold nanostars","authors":"Yuhuan Qin ,&nbsp;Wenxue Sun ,&nbsp;Joseph Brake ,&nbsp;Sulin Gao ,&nbsp;Qianqian Li ,&nbsp;Xinrong Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiang Bian ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead ions are an environmental pollutant and a threat to human health. Traditional methods for detecting lead ions suffer disadvantages such as being time-consuming and expensive, therefore there is a need to develop simpler and faster methods. We developed an optimized spectroscopic method to detect lead ions by first identifying a lead-specific chelator 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) which was screened using a novel biological screening system and verified by metal chromophore assays. Synthetic gold nanostars (GNSs) were explored for use as probes and we found that DMSA-Pb chelates catalyzed the etching of GNSs in solution resulting in a color change. We observed a change in the longitudinal local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of GNSs in the presence of DMSA-Pb which could be measured in subsequent experiments. The optimized etching reaction displayed strong sensitivity and selectivity for Pb²⁺ and achieved a detection limit of 2 nM less than 2 min, which is well below the safety threshold of Pb²⁺ in environmental water and food. The Pb²⁺ contents of rice, beans, milk, grapes, peaches, and cabbage were detected by the DMSA-Pb GNSs method and were consistent with those of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Our study provides a novel and practical approach for rapid, safe, and cost-effective detection of lead ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}