Sensors and Actuators Reports最新文献

{"title":"Palladium nanostructure-based label-free electrochemical biosensors for HbA1c and insulin measurement","authors":"Mukesh Thapa,&nbsp;Yun Seok Heo","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by impaired glucose regulation due to insufficient insulin secretion or cellular resistance to insulin. Although insulin is the primary regulatory molecule, glucose remains the most monitored biomarker despite its high variability. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a more stable marker with a longer half-life, provides a comprehensive assessment of long-term glycemic control. Simultaneous measurement of HbA1c and insulin would offer enhanced insight for DM management. In this study, we present a label-free electrochemical biosensor capable of simultaneously quantifying HbA1c and insulin using a single drop of blood. The device integrates dual screen-printed carbon electrodes functionalized with palladium nanostructures (PdNS), allowing covalent immobilization of anti-HbA1c and anti-insulin antibodies on WE1 and WE2, respectively. Upon incubation with a pretreated blood sample and introduction of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) serving as the measuring solution, amperometric signals were generated: oxidation of the heme group in HbA1c at WE1, and suppression of current at WE2 due to insulin interference. All concentrations were quantified based on current responses to the measuring solution. The biosensor demonstrated excellent analytical performance, including high sensitivity (R² &gt; 0.96), selectivity (&gt;95 %), long-term stability (&gt;95 % over 120 days), and operational efficiency, as confirmed through standard and whole blood sample analysis. This is the first disposable point-of-care (POC) device that enables dual detection of HbA1c and insulin on a single chip, offering a practical and comprehensive tool for real-time DM monitoring and personalized disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100360"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescent carbon quantum dot–based μPAD for the sensitive and selective detection of magnesium ions in human serum","authors":"Nikhil T Madhu ,&nbsp;Alageswari D ,&nbsp;Anjusha P Menon ,&nbsp;Abhishek Pathak ,&nbsp;Aarathi Pradeep ,&nbsp;Bipin G Nair ,&nbsp;PV Suneesh ,&nbsp;TG Satheesh Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate determination of magnesium ions in the blood is crucial due to their association with various disease conditions, including osteoporosis, nerve disorders, cardiovascular issues, and impaired kidney function. In this work, we developed a carbon quantum dot (CQDs) based fluorometric paper analytical device (PAD) for detecting magnesium ions in human blood serum. The fluorescent CQDs were synthesized using a simple microwave-assisted method. The addition of 8-hydroxyquinoline quenches the fluorescence of the CQDs, which is regained in the presence of magnesium ions. This OFF-ON mechanism was utilized for the sensitive and selective detection of magnesium ions on the PAD. In order to deploy the PAD for testing human blood samples, a calibration plot was generated from the fluorescent intensity obtained using serum samples spiked with magnesium ions. It exhibited two linear ranges of detection with a detection limit of 3.9 µM and a limit of quantification of 13 µM. The PAD showed sensitivities of 25.93 a.u/mM and 48.52 a.u/mM for the magnesium concentration ranges from 0.76 – 1.26 mM and 1.76 – 10.76 mM, respectively. The PAD was tested and validated using volunteer blood serum samples, showing good accuracy with a relative error of &lt;5 % from the clinical lab results. This innovative CQDs-based PAD presents a promising and practical tool for reliable and efficient magnesium ion detection in human serum, offering potential applications in healthcare and clinical diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-Cas13a-powered electrochemical biosensors for RNA-based disease diagnostic and monitoring","authors":"Salma Nur Zakiyyah ,&nbsp;Irkham ,&nbsp;Karina Salsabiila Putri Sima ,&nbsp;Clianta Yudin Kharismasari ,&nbsp;Mengzhen Xi ,&nbsp;Shabarni Gaffar ,&nbsp;Mehmet Ozsoz ,&nbsp;Francesco Paolucci ,&nbsp;Giovanni Valenti ,&nbsp;Yeni Wahyuni Hartati","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleic acids serve as specific, selective, and sensitive components in molecular diagnostics, offering efficient and high-precision results. Unlike DNA, RNA expression reflects real-time cellular activity, allowing for the monitoring of disease progression, treatment response, or environmental influences. This makes RNA a superior biomarker due to its ability to enable early disease detection, provide higher specificity, allow non-invasive sampling, and offer high sensitivity for low-abundance targets. RNA-based biosensor innovations hold significant potential for detecting genetic diseases, such as cancer, and preventing viral infections. Electrochemical biosensors have become a fast and efficient alternative to gold-standard diagnostic methods, offering simplicity, rapid response, and suitability for clinical use, including point-of-care applications. Recent advancements have integrated the CRISPR-Cas13a system with electrochemical biosensors to enhance RNA detection sensitivity and specificity. The CRISPR-Cas system, an adaptive immune mechanism in bacteria, has been widely utilized for diagnostics. Cas13a is superior to other Cas proteins for RNA detection due to its high specificity, inherent signal amplification, and ability to detect low-abundance RNA without requiring reverse transcription or amplification steps. This review summarized recent progression of CRISPR/Cas 13a and its combination with electrochemical technique, including electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) methods. The principles and advantages of CRISPR/Cas13a, electrochemical, ECL, and PEC technique for RNA detection are described. In electrochemical-based biosensors, Cas13a recognizes and binds to the target ssRNA, triggering its trans-cleavage activity, which indiscriminately cuts nearby RNA reporters. This process alters the electrochemical signal, enabling selective and sensitive RNA detection. Finally, several examples of CRISPR/Cas13a-based electrochemical biosensors are discussed, highlighting their potential as molecular diagnostic tools for RNA detection and emphasizing their advantages in sensitivity, specificity, and rapid detection capabilities.</div><div>© 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Global Science and Technology Forum Pte Ltd</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer brushes for sensing in food systems: Opportunities and challenges span from organophosphorus pesticide to pathogen detection","authors":"Raphael D. Ayivi ,&nbsp;Bukola O. Adesanmi ,&nbsp;Maria J. Torres ,&nbsp;Sherine O. Obare ,&nbsp;Carmen L. Gomes ,&nbsp;Eric S. McLamore","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer brushes are tethered nanomaterial surface coatings that have important applications in smart release systems, pollutant degradation technologies, and sensors. Most applications of brushes have been in the medical domain, but there is an exciting opportunity to develop responsive interfaces for sensor applications in food systems. In this review article, we summarize common synthesis approaches as well as general mechanisms for stimulus-response behavior. We discuss emerging opportunities and challenges for polymer brush sensors in detection of six key targets in the food system: VOCs, nutraceuticals and bio-active compounds, pesticides, inorganic phosphates and other food additives, proteins such as allergens, and pathogens. Specific to food systems, major challenges include sample (matrix) complexity, material sustainability for sensor development, scalability of polymer brush synthesis, regulatory approval, and trust/transparency in new automated decision support approaches. Here, we also highlight general opportunities and challenges in polymer brush sensing related to advancing cyber-physical systems via decision support systems based on AI. Rapid sensing is crucial for monitoring systems in the farm-to-fork continuum. Polymer brushes are poised to play a key role in development of advanced interfacial control systems in smart sensor systems, opening new doors toward real time monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally driven death-melting curve analysis for rapid and straightforward identification of bacteria","authors":"Yanlin Chen ,&nbsp;Wenxu Wang ,&nbsp;Shuhan Jiang,&nbsp;Zihan Gao,&nbsp;Liwen Liu,&nbsp;Xueping Ning,&nbsp;Shengbin He","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial identification remains pivotal for biological research, food safety control, clinical diagnosis and effective treatment. Generally, 16S rRNA-based sequencing and antibody-based immunoassay are used to identify bacteria; however, both of them are time-consuming and expensive. Herein, we put forward a thermally driven death-melting curve analysis (DMCA) method to identify bacteria rapidly. In the method, SYBR Green I and a fluorescent reader with heating models were used to trace both the biomembrane integrity (viability) and dsDNA of the bacteria. During the heating-up of the bacteria from 37 to 98 °C, the fluorescent microplate reader was able to record the death curves of the bacteria and melting curves of the dsDNA in the bacteria. Different bacteria showed noticeable differences in thermostability and dsDNA component, allowing possible identification of these bacteria through Pearson Correlation analysis or dimension reduction analysis of the death-melting curves. By using nine bacterial strains as a proof-of-concept model, clear identification between the bacteria was accomplished without use of antibodies. The DMCA was successfully employed for the mapping of soil single-cell derived bacteria, the result of which was partly in agreement with that of the 16 s RNA-based sequencing. Thus, our study provides a rapid, high-throughput, and low-cost approach for bacteria identification, and we believe it would have many potential applications in bacteriological research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effective and label-free split aptamer constructs for rapid and visual detection of PDGF-BB protein","authors":"Yingping Luo ,&nbsp;Tongtong Lai ,&nbsp;Yi Tang ,&nbsp;Linhui Xie ,&nbsp;Jingyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Peiyao Chen ,&nbsp;Jiancai Tang ,&nbsp;Qiang Su ,&nbsp;Qiao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Though considerable efforts are focusing on the development of different types of sensors for platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) determination, few of these approaches can achieve cost-effective, rapid, and sensitive detecting PDGF-BB by naked eye. Herein, we developed a novel, cost-effective, label-free and robust sensor based on split aptamer recognition and proximity-induced formation of G-quadruplex DNAzyme for rapid and visual detection of PDGF-BB. The two segments of constructed sensor, termed as split aptazyme (SA), were separated in the absence of PDGF-BB, but effectively assemble after binding the target to form DNAzyme structure that could catalyze the H₂O₂-mediated oxidation of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid, generating a dark green color within 5 min which could be observed by naked eye. Notably, the SA demonstrated here showed a wide linear response to PDGF-BB from 0 to 500 nM in bio-samples with a limit of detection as low as 0.7 nM. Therefore, we believe that such an approach should be readily applicable for on-site visual detection of PDGF-BB for cancer monitoring and diagnosis. The newly developed SA strategy also offers attractive universal sensing platforms for rapid and visual detection of other protein biomarkers that only have one binding site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100355"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of continuous glucose monitoring sensors: principles, core technologies and performance evaluation","authors":"Xinying Wu ,&nbsp;Xingyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Weiliang Chen ,&nbsp;Qinghua Chen ,&nbsp;Linghai Kong ,&nbsp;Peiyao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, a condition resulting from insufficient or impaired insulin secretion and utilization. As the global prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) technology has emerged as a key solution. The flexible electrode design and ‘‘24/7′’ coverage of CGM systems address the discomfort associated with traditional Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM), reducing the need for frequent fingertip punctures and improving patient compliance. The shift from BGM to CGM technology can be attributed to significant advancements in electrode design, material selection, and sensor performance. This paper reviews recent advancements in CGM systems, focusing on the principles of the four sensor generations, core sensing technologies, outer membrane design, and key performance indicators. Finally, this paper provides a summary and outlook on future research directions in CGM sensors development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100361"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photo-induced chemiresistive sensor for lactate and glucose monitoring","authors":"Nastaran Taleghani,&nbsp;Farbod Aleaziz,&nbsp;Fariborz Taghipour","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biosensors provide essential information on the health condition and performance of the body by identifying the concentration of specific biomarkers. Photoelectrochemical biosensors operate based on the principle of separation of excitation and detection sources, leading to advantages such as a very low detection limit. Here, a novel photo-induced chemiresistive biosensor is introduced that addresses the key challenges of existing biosensors and provides favorable analytical performance. A highly sensitive and selective ultraviolet (UV)-induced zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanorod/lactate oxidase chemiresistive biosensor for lactate monitoring in sweat was designed. The sensor exhibited excellent lactate monitoring capability. Further, the biosensor showed superb selectivity with responses of 1 % or less when exposed to interfering molecules, indicating its potential for analyzing the target biomarker in biological samples. Furthermore, the biosensor exhibited high reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of &lt;2 % and long-term storage stability, highlighting its potential for practical purposes. To further demonstrate the application of this platform for the detection of other biomarkers, a UV-induced ZnO nanorod/glucose oxidase chemiresistive biosensor was developed for glucose monitoring. The overall results indicated the potential of this transduction platform as a promising technique with excellent analytical performance for detecting different biomarkers in biological fluids for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemiluminescent magnetic biosensor for simultaneous microRNA and parathyroid hormone detection via resonance energy transfer","authors":"Muhammad Faizan ,&nbsp;Punklahan Nutthawadee ,&nbsp;Chi-Hsien Liu ,&nbsp;Pravanjan Malla ,&nbsp;Wei-Chi Wu ,&nbsp;Paiboon Sreearunothai ,&nbsp;Yen-Han Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thyroid-related malignancies often involve both oncogenic alterations and endocrine imbalance, necessitating integrated biomarker monitoring. In this work, we report an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) magnetic biosensor for the simultaneous detection of microRNA (miR) and parathyroid hormone (PTH), two clinically relevant indicators of thyroid cancer and parathyroid dysfunction. The sensing platform leverages luminol as an ECL donor and organic dyes as energy acceptors within a chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) framework, enabling excitation-free signal generation with low background interference. Surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles serve as dual-function carriers, facilitating efficient magnetic enrichment and high-affinity target recognition. The system achieves sensitive and specific dual-analyte detection in a single assay with broad linear ranges and rapid turnaround. Limits of detection in human serum were 0.38 fM for miR-222 and 0.22 pg/mL for PTH. This CRET-ECL magnetic biosensor offers a rapid, sensitive, and minimally invasive approach for point-of-care evaluation of thyroid malignancy and associated endocrine disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, fabrication, and decontamination of low-cost microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification","authors":"Vi T. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Clifford Anderson ,&nbsp;Karen S. Anderson ,&nbsp;Jennifer Blain Christen","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid assays, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), are difficult to implement in point-of-care microfluidic devices because bubbles often form. We present a reaction chamber design called same-depth inlet outlet (SDIO), which was found to reduce the instances of bubble formation by an average of 92.2 % across different flow rates when compared to traditional designs. We designed the fabrication process using xurography, laser cutting, and lamination techniques, which enable rapid and low-cost prototyping. The fabrication methods were evaluated for nuclease contamination, and best practices to reduce nucleases during and after chip assembly are detailed. Our technique, using a combination of ethanol rinses and ultraviolet-C light radiation, was found to reduce RNases up to tenfold. Different materials were tested for microfluidic compatibility with LAMP assay reagents by making chips that realistically emulate final surface areas and volumes. A variation in performance was found among different adhesives, where the best fluorescence ratio between positive and negative reactions was 4.63. Our microfluidic design was validated by amplifying a spiked RT-LAMP assay with SARS-CoV-2 primers in the reaction chambers. The overall findings aim to facilitate early-stage development and prototyping of microfluidic devices with consistent and reliable results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}