Sensors and Actuators Reports最新文献

{"title":"A seed-inspired 3D electroionic flier with obliquely embossed ionic polymer actuators for tunable autorotation and lift","authors":"Seong-Jun Jo,&nbsp;Chanmin Park,&nbsp;Yunsang Kwak,&nbsp;Jaehwan Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In nature, many plants disperse their seeds with simple wing structures that ride the wind, slow descent, and carry propagules farther. These natural flight morphologies offer blueprints for low-mass, passively stable autorotation and lift generation. Despite extensive seed-mimicking efforts based on this inspiration, most research using stimuli-responsive actuators has focused on reproducing simple bending-dominated shapes rather than on the kinematic flight control of seeds, resulting in only a limited mimicry of the aerodynamic flight of seeds. Here we demonstrate a geometry-programmed ionic polymer actuator approach that enables controllable autorotation in three-dimensional electroionic fliers. Embossed Nafion membranes are patterned so that the pitch sets the magnitude of bending bias and the oblique orientation induces twist, resulting in coupled bending-twisting motion. Asymmetry varies non-monotonically with pitch, reaching at maximum at 1.6 mm, arising from the interplay between reduced ion-ion repulsion at the patterned surface and mechanical stiffening from rib-like surface relief. At 1.5 V and 0.1 Hz sinusoidal input, peak displacements reach -2.76/2.04 mm (embossed/smooth), whereas square-wave input increases displacement to -3.71/2.66 mm and raises asymmetry from 0.72 to 1.05 mm. Assembled from these actuators, a 3D electroionic flier emulating the aerodynamic mechanisms of two different wind-dispersed seeds exhibits a descent speed of 2.980 m s⁻¹ in a drop test, the lowest among the tested fliers. These results position geometry-programmable ionic polymer actuation as a scalable pathway to autorotation and lift tuning, which should allow the realization of advanced seed-mimetic deployment systems and soft aerial microrobots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ spectroelectrochemical insights into the EC’ mechanism: NADH oxidation catalyzed by an osmium complex","authors":"Seokjin Oh ,&nbsp;Eun Joong Kim ,&nbsp;Chung Mu Kang ,&nbsp;Donghoon Han","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In-situ analytical techniques serve as powerful tools for visualizing reaction processes. Spectroelectrochemical methods, which integrate spectroscopy with electrochemistry, provide critical insights into electrochemical reactions. Molecules that undergo spectral changes due to oxidation- or reduction-induced alterations in their electronic structures can be monitored in real time, enabling direct confirmation of redox processes. In this study, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy was combined with electrochemical analysis to investigate potential-dependent absorbance changes associated with the oxidation of NADH in the presence of an osmium complex serving as an electron transfer mediator. A distinct decrease in NADH-related absorbance was observed at potentials lower than its intrinsic onset potential, attributable to the catalytic activity of the mediator. These findings provide direct visual evidence for an EC’ (electrochemical-catalytic) reaction mechanism, wherein the mediator facilitates electron transfer by promoting NADH oxidation at reduced overpotentials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscale heterojunction indium oxide/molybdenum disulphide field-effect transistor: A cost-effective wafer scale fabrication with improved performance","authors":"Mohamed Taha Amen,&nbsp;Cheah Edward,&nbsp;Duy Phu Tran,&nbsp;Benjamin Thierry","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal oxide heterojunction thin films are promising building blocks for the fabrication of functional devices in microelectronics, bio-chemical sensors, photovoltaics, and optical displays. However, balancing the large-scale manufacturability with performance, uniformity, and cost-effectiveness remains a significant challenge. Here, we report a wafer-scale fabrication process of bilayer stacks of high-mobility indium oxide and molybdenum disulphide heterojunction thin films and their application for the preparation of high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs). The annealed heterojunction thin film exhibits uniform crystalline structures and good surface roughness across the whole wafer. A simple soft lithography and lift-off process of the heterojunction thin film could produce nanotransistor devices with a remarkable electron mobility enhancement of more than 1100 % compared to indium oxide or molybdenum disulphide single layer devices. The heterojunction FET sensors yielded more than a twofold higher pH sensitivity compared to silicon-based ionic FETs and excellent linearity. These findings coupled with the cost-effective fabrication strategy underscore the potential of indium oxide and molybdenum disulphide heterojunction FET devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100390"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ternary Prussian blue nanozymes with synergistic multimetallic catalysis enable ultrasensitive lateral flow immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus diagnosis","authors":"Dinglin Fan ,&nbsp;Zhen Ren ,&nbsp;Yongli Li ,&nbsp;Xukui Li ,&nbsp;Zhipiao Tian ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Lin Zhan ,&nbsp;Shijia Ding ,&nbsp;Yongjie Xu ,&nbsp;Fuxun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children, and early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for its effective treatment and disease management. Here, we developed a nanozyme-enhanced lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) that employed a newly generated monoclonal antibody against the conserved RSV nucleocapsid (N) protein. The platform was based on a ternary metal–organic framework nanozyme composed of iron, cobalt, and nickel ions, which exhibited synergistically enhanced peroxidase-like activity. This nanozyme efficiently catalyzed the oxidation of 3,3′ -diaminobenzidine, producing a colorimetric signal on the LFIA strip for visual detection. Due to the catalytic enhancement, the assay achieved a detection limit of 5 pg/mL for recombinant RSV N protein. For live RSV, the biosensor demonstrated a detection threshold of 10^0.875 TCID50/mL, representing a 1000-fold sensitivity improvement over AuNP-based LFIA. Moreover, the strip demonstrated high specificity and no cross-reactivity with other viruses. Owing to its simplicity, speed, and efficiency, the developed LFIA offers a robust point-of-care solution for RSV diagnosis. This platform holds great potential for clinical screening and early detection of viral infections, underscoring its value in future pandemic preparedness and respiratory disease surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centrifugal microfluidic systems for cancer cell separation: Advances, challenges, and applications","authors":"Alireza Farahinia ,&nbsp;Wenjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Ildiko Badea","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a leading global health challenge, with circulating tumor cells (CTCs) playing a pivotal role in metastasis and disease progression. Efficient detection and isolation of CTCs are essential for early diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and the advancement of personalized treatment strategies. However, their extreme rarity in peripheral blood presents significant technical challenges for reliable enrichment and analysis. Centrifugal microfluidic systems, or lab-on-a-disc (LOCD) platforms, offer a promising solution by enabling automated, high-throughput, and cost-effective separation of rare cancer cells with minimal manual intervention. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in centrifugal microfluidic technologies, with a focus on cancer cell separation for diagnostics and the challenges of clinical translation. Particular attention is given to the optimization of separation techniques, improvements in microchannel design, and strategies to minimize contamination and cell damage while enhancing purity and yield. We critically compare label-free, affinity-based, and hybrid separation approaches, and examine how material selection, surface functionalization, automation, and integrated detection modules in-fluence device performance. Clinical relevance is emphasized throughout, including examples of real patient applications, regulatory challenges, and translational barriers. Furthermore, we propose future directions to address persistent limitations such as clogging, limited specificity, and standardization. While routine clinical implementation remains complex, recent innovations have significantly improved system robustness, reproducibility, and accessibility. This review serves as a resource for researchers and clinicians, summarizing the current state of the field and outlining the path forward for the next generation of centrifugal microfluidic systems tailored for cancer cell separation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100387"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in sensing technologies for fentanyl and its analogs: Challenges and future directions","authors":"Farbod Shirinichi,&nbsp;Yanjing Gao,&nbsp;Matthew J. Webber,&nbsp;Yichun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fentanyl is a highly potent synthetic opioid which, along with structurally related analogs like carfentanil, is a significant driver of the global epidemic of opioid abuse. These compounds are often added in small amounts to other illicit drugs, found in misrepresented samples, or introduced through unintentional cross-contamination. Their low concentration, structural diversity, extreme potency, and occurrence in complex matrices like biological fluids increase the risk of fatal overdose and complicate their detection. The development of accurate, sensitive, and selective detection technologies is therefore crucial for applications in clinical diagnostics, forensics, public health surveillance, and law enforcement. This review discusses advanced sensors and analytical techniques for identifying fentanyl and its analogs, including colorimetric assays, immunoassays, electrochemical sensors, Raman spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Each method is evaluated on the basis of its sensitivity, selectivity, ease of use, compatibility with complex matrices, stability, and ability to distinguish fentanyl from related analogs and other drugs of abuse. By detailing current advances and limitations in detection methodologies, this comprehensive overview of the field of fentanyl detection offers insights to guide the development of more effective and practical technologies tailored for diverse analytical and research settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100386"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning in cancer prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers: A promising approach for early cancer detection","authors":"Pegah Vosoughi ,&nbsp;Seyed Morteza Naghib ,&nbsp;Ghasem Takdehghan","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer is a multifaceted disease that arises from both genetic and epigenetic alterations that disturb the regulation of cell growth and programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. This imbalance results in unchecked cell proliferation, ultimately leading to tumor formation. Globally, cancer presents a significant public health issue, causing millions of deaths each year and placing immense pressure on healthcare systems around the world. Early cancer detection is crucial, as it dramatically improves the chances of successful treatment. Consequently, advancements in biomarker research and diagnostic technologies are vital for creating more effective detection strategies that reduce the impact of cancer on patients and healthcare systems. For biomarkers to be helpful in clinical practice, they must thoroughly evaluate their analytical and clinical validity and utility. Analytical validity focuses on the technical accuracy of biomarker assays, encompassing aspects such as sample handling, assay methods, and the reliability of the results. In recent years, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have become crucial tools for identifying biomarkers in healthcare engineering. The advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have expanded these technologies' applications across various healthcare domains. This research highlights the latest innovations and methodologies, including advanced feature selection techniques and ML/DL algorithms. This review emphasizes the transformative impact of ML technologies in biomarker discovery. It also encompasses multiple facets of ML-based platforms, detailing their applications and effectiveness in biomarker discovery. Using sophisticated algorithms, these advanced computational methods allow researchers to analyze various data types, from genomic sequences to proteomic profiles. This approach facilitates the identification of novel biomarkers, enhances our understanding of cancer biology, and paves the way for improved patient care through personalized medicine. This review highlights exciting opportunities for future research, encouraging continuous innovation and collaboration across disciplines among data scientists, healthcare experts, and academic researchers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100385"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, fabrication, and characterization of microfluidic-based interferometric porous silicon aptasensors for multiplexed sepsis biomarkers detection","authors":"Shima Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Fereshteh Rahimi ,&nbsp;Ali Hossein Rezayan ,&nbsp;Ali Abouei Mehrizi ,&nbsp;Mahsa Sedighi ,&nbsp;Mahya Mosayebzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiplex biosensors are critical tools for disease diagnosis, as they enable the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers, providing a comprehensive assessment of complex conditions such as sepsis, where the involvement of multiple biomarkers and non-specific symptoms poses challenges to conventional diagnostics. This study presents the design and fabrication of a multiplexed microfluidic aptasensor using porous silicon (PSi) thin films as optical transducers in reflectometric interference Fourier transform spectroscopy (RIFTS). The platform targets three key sepsis biomarkers: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Detection relies on real-time monitoring of refractive index changes in the PSi layer, induced by biomarker binding to immobilized aptamers within the nanostructure. The manipulated channels design ensured uniform flow velocity across the biosensor zones, enhancing uniform conditions for testing in three microchannels. A microcontroller-programmed motorized XYZ translation stage enabled automated, precise, and simultaneous real-time monitoring at multiple reading points. The microfluidic aptasensor platform for detecting three sepsis biomarkers demonstrated signal variations below 7 % between individual and mixture modes, with not significant cross-reactivity, confirming selective and multiplex performance. This work advances the development of label-free, multiplex biosensing platforms, highlighting their potential for clinical diagnostics and broader applications in diverse fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bienzymatic lactate biosensor with co-immobilization of horseradish peroxidase and lactate oxidase on sugarcane-derived three-dimensional carbon nanoballs cross-linked carbon aerogels","authors":"Yashuang Hei ,&nbsp;Lisi Ba ,&nbsp;Ling Yu ,&nbsp;Bingxiao Zheng ,&nbsp;Sisi Wen ,&nbsp;Nan Ma ,&nbsp;Zhiju Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a novel bienzymatic lactate biosensor was developed by co-immobilization of lactate oxidase (LOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) onto the screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified by the three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanoballs cross-linked carbon aerogels (3D-CNCAs), which is derived from the biomass of sugarcane. The 3D-CNCAs, with large surface area and porous structure, play a crucial role in facilitating direct electron transfer between the electroactive center of HRP and the biosensor electrode. The experimental parameters including the amount of 3D-CNCAs suspension, the ratio of the two enzymes, the buffer pH and the operation potential were optimized. The bienzymatic lactate biosensor exhibits linear current response for lactate in the concentration ranges of 1-1690 μM, with a detection limit of 0.23 μM (S/N = 3), which is superior to the one based on monotypic enzyme of LOD. The bienzymatic lactate biosensor also exhibits a high level of selectivity, reproducibility, repeatability and long-term stability (87% of the original value after storage for 30 days), and was further applied in lactate detection in diluted real samples of lactic acid cream and commercial beverage. The outstanding analytical performance of the bienzymatic lactate biosensor demonstrates the preponderance of the bienzymatic over the one based on monotypic enzyme, and holds broad application prospects in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel impedimetric biosensor based on titanium nitride nano-electrode arrays for influenza A H1N1 testing","authors":"Yi-Chen Li ,&nbsp;Shu-Tsai Cheng ,&nbsp;Chun-Lung Lien ,&nbsp;Jeng-Huei Shiau ,&nbsp;Ching-Fen Shen ,&nbsp;Chao-Min Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of point-of-care testing devices for real-time detection of influenza A H1N1 virus is critical for early diagnosis, and for continuous disease monitoring. In this study, we developed a novel impedimetric biosensor for detecting influenza A H1N1 virus, using a nano-electrode array fabricated through standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. Each nano-electrode is a raised structure with a radius of 100 nanometers and a height of 200 nanometers. Titanium nitride was chosen as the electrode material for its biocompatibility and compatibility with semiconductor processes. The electrode surfaces were modified by diazonium electrografting to introduce carboxyl groups, which enabled antibody immobilization via carbodiimide coupling chemistry. We analyzed the relationship between the reduction peak current and the percentage change in charge transfer resistance before and after each modification step, and further examined the correlation between changes during modification and antibody binding. The completed biosensor successfully detected influenza A H1N1 antigens in phosphate-buffered saline, achieving a detection limit of 0.00025 EU/mL. The sensor’s response also showed a strong positive correlation with viral RNA content (Pearson <em>r</em> = 0.9702), indicating its potential for quantitative virus detection. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using semiconductor-based nano-electrode array biosensors for point-of-care infectious disease diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100384"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}