Sensors and Actuators Reports最新文献

{"title":"Smart flexible wearables for non-invasive body fluid monitoring: a multidisciplinary roadmap and future directions","authors":"Yizhou Bai ,&nbsp;Chaojing Li ,&nbsp;Fujun Wang ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxue Zhu ,&nbsp;Guoping Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real-time monitoring and understanding of individual health status not only enable the prompt identification of potential health concerns, thereby facilitating timely interventions to prevent severe injury or mortality, but also assist individuals in managing their lifestyles effectively, improving health behaviors, and enhancing overall quality of life. The paradigm shift toward non-invasive health monitoring through smart flexible wearables represents a transformative convergence of multidisciplinary innovation. Advancements in textile science, materials science, biomedicine, computer science, and electronic information and communication technology have resulted in the continuous emergence of flexible, comfortable, sensitive, and precise smart wearable monitoring devices. The range of monitoring indicators has expanded beyond traditional metrics, such as body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate, to encompass a range of biomarkers and biomolecules found in bodily fluids. Furthermore, the targets for monitoring have broadened from blood to encompass sweat, interstitial fluid, saliva, tears, and exhaled breath, marking a transition from invasive to non-invasive methodologies. Therefore, to inspire the continuous enhancement and evolution of smart wearable products and foster the development of innovations, this review summarizes existing advancements, identifying critical challenges, and offering perspectives on future innovations, this study aims to serve as a multidisciplinary roadmap for the development of next-generation wearable technologies. This review aims to provide a multidisciplinary roadmap for the development of next-generation wearable technologies, highlighting key materials and application contexts associated with these technologies. Finally, this review outlines the challenges faced by this technology and presents perspectives on future advancements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100380"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene/Graphene Nanoribbons Composite Materials for High-Sensitivity Enzyme-Free Electrochemiluminescent Detection of L-Lactic acid","authors":"Haicheng Song ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Zhou ,&nbsp;Lixing Lin ,&nbsp;Xinying Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingying Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Li ,&nbsp;Lingyan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lactic acid level is a crucial biochemical indicator in the field of cancer diagnosis, anti-tumor therapy and other related biomedical areas. However, currently the method for detecting lactic acid is almost enzyme-based biosensors, while enzyme-free alternatives remain underexplored. In this work, we constructed a high-performance electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors based on Ti₃C₂ MXene/graphene nanoribbons (MXene/GNRs) composite for the enzyme-free detection of L-lactic acid. Meanwhile, we functionalize MXene/GNRs composite with the L-lactic acid aptamer through physical and chemical interactions, and with the addition of the target L-Lactic acid, the aptamer was detached from the surface of the material, thus, the biosensor was constructed with an \"on-off-on\" ECL signal. The biosensor designed for this work demonstrated a detection range of L-Lactic acid from 500 nM to 10 mM, and a low detection limit of 309 nM. This work exhibits superior detection performance in complex environments, and also presents a promising enzyme-free approach for L-lactic acid monitoring in biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100379"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silkworm gut fibre-based biosensors for optical glucose detection","authors":"Aina Fitó-Parera ,&nbsp;Augusto Márquez ,&nbsp;Pablo Rodríguez-Núñez ,&nbsp;Salvador D. Aznar-Cervantes ,&nbsp;Ana Cristina Reguera ,&nbsp;Francisco Perdigones ,&nbsp;Carmen Aracil ,&nbsp;Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Carlos Domínguez ,&nbsp;Xavier Muñoz-Berbel","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silk is a re-emerging biomaterial with significant potential for optical waveguiding due to its high transparency in the visible spectrum and elevated refractive index. Naturally occurring silk filamentous structures, such as silkworm gut fibres (SGFs), resemble traditional optical fibres while offering advantages such as biocompatibility, flexibility, mechanical strength and biodegradability. In this study, SGFs from different <em>Bombyx mori</em> races were evaluated for their suitability in optical fibre-based biosensing applications. White SGFs were selected for their superior optical properties, including a broad transmission window in the visible spectrum, strong light confinement, and high guidance efficiency. However, pristine SGFs exhibited sensitivity to hydration/drying cycles, leading to transmission losses. To address this, an alginate cladding was applied, stabilizing the fibre while preserving biocompatibility and optical performance. The modified SGFs successfully quantified colorants in the surrounding medium and were further employed in biochemical sensing. Specifically, alginate-coated SGFs enabled glucose detection by monitoring the colorimetric response of a redox mediator oxidized through a bi-enzymatic reaction involving glucose oxidase and peroxidase. This system effectively distinguished glucose concentrations corresponding to healthy, hypoglycaemic, and hyperglycaemic (pre-diabetic and diabetic) conditions. Furthermore, direct glucose measurements in real blood samples were possible, as the alginate layer functioned as a size-exclusion filter, selectively retaining cellular components while allowing glucose to diffuse and react with immobilized enzymes and redox mediators. The use of silk and alginate, both recognised as biodegradable materials, suggests significant potential for the development of real-time, minimally invasive glucose monitoring systems for in vitro and in vivo analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical sensor for the detection of imidacloprid using novel Cu-tetrazole MOF","authors":"Joseph Joe Habr ,&nbsp;Fatima El Alem ,&nbsp;Pandiaraj Kanagavalli ,&nbsp;Upendar Reddy Gandra ,&nbsp;Anish Mathai Varghese ,&nbsp;Hassan Saraierh ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Yildiz ,&nbsp;Ayalew H. Assen ,&nbsp;Gareth Price ,&nbsp;Shimaa Eissa ,&nbsp;M․ Infas H․ Mohideen","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing sensitive and rapid sensing platforms for detecting pesticide residues is crucial for ensuring environmental and food safety. In this work, we report the synthesis of a novel Cu-Tetrazole Metal-Organic Framework referred to as KU-1 and its utilization for the development of an electrochemical sensor for the detection of imidacloprid (IMD) residues in food samples. The MOF structure consists of Cu ions and tetrazole ligands that extend to form 2D layers, which are further pillared by tetrazoles to create a 3D network. The KU-1 exhibits high stability, retaining crystallinity in various organic solvents and a range of pH, with thermal stability up to ∼300°C. The electrochemical sensing of IMD at KU-1 modified screen-printed electrode was investigated in detail, demonstrating the material's high electrocatalytic performance. The developed sensor allowed imidacloprid detection in the linear range of 0.1–10 μM with a detection limit of 0.089 μM and showed excellent selectivity for IMD against other pesticides. Detection of IMD residues was successfully validated in rice and tomato sample extracts and had a remarkable recovery of 97–101%, showcasing the electrode's practicality and reliability. This study highlights the potential of KU-1 as a promising material for constructing high-performance electrochemical sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Straightforward and sensitive detection of micro-nano plastics with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy by the filtration-dissolution- adsorption strategy","authors":"Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Liang ,&nbsp;Siyuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Rui Hu ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Pei ,&nbsp;Le Wang ,&nbsp;Yongchao Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-nano plastics (MNPs) have become pervasive throughout the environment and emerged as significant pollutants, posing a potential threat to the natural environment and human health. Nonetheless, there remains a technological gap in the accurate analysis of trace and small-size MNPs in the environment. This study proposes a refined strategy for sample pretreatment and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) analysis of MNPs in a water environment. MNPs were initially captured from the matrix using filter membranes, and subsequently released using an appropriate solvent. This approach not only separated the MNPs from the matrix and impurities, but also allowed the irregular and rigid MNPs to fit the surface of the KI-modified SERS substrates. This SERS-based approach facilitates the analysis of polystyrene (PS) MNPs of varying sizes at a concentration of 0.05 ng/mL across multiple water matrices. Furthermore, PS MNPs released from disposable cups were found using this method in everyday life. This simple and highly efficient strategy is ideal for the analyzing MNPs in everyday life and has the potential to facilitate future research on MNPs in the environment and their impact on human health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100376"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecularly imprinted poly(o-aminophenol)-based electrochemical sensor for the quantitative detection of a VP28 biomarker for white spot syndrome virus","authors":"Young-Ran Yun ,&nbsp;Hyoung Jun Kim ,&nbsp;Sung Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a deadly pathogen that can cause mass mortality within several days. VP28, known as a biomarker of WSSV, accounts for over half of the total envelope protein. It plays a crucial role in viral infection and is a useful diagnostic indicator for immunological detection.</div><div>Here, we developed a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical sensor using a gold nanostructured electrode and assessed its performance in detecting VP28. The electropolymerized poly(o-aminophenol) film supplies specific binding sites complementary to VP28. The molecularly imprinted cavities were examined using electrochemical analysis to confirm their ability to recognize the target molecule. The sensor generates a response signal through label-free sensing with a redox probe. It demonstrated a detection limit of 7.01 ng/mL (S/N = 3) and an imprinting factor of 4.25 at 0.78–50 ng/mL concentrations. The selectivity study revealed a response signal 4.5 times higher for the target molecule than for interfering substances. Compared with the standard PCR method for real samples, the MIP-based sensor performed similarly according to virus concentration. These findings suggested that the MIP-based sensor is a simple and suitable alternative to conventional WSSV detection methods. This electrochemical sensing platform with electropolymerization of the molecularly imprinted polymer can promote the detection and monitoring of WSSV expressing VP28.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100375"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromagnetically induced transparent terahertz dual-split-ring metamaterial for ultra-high sensitivity sensor applications","authors":"Yunche Zhu,&nbsp;Daoye Zheng,&nbsp;Yu-Sheng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present three dual-split-ring metamaterial (DSRM) devices with electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) characteristics and simulated the optical parameters of the device. They are composed of outer split-ring resonators (SRRs) with different rotation angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°, named as DSRM-1, DSRM-2, and DSRM-3 respectively. By changing the height of the outer SRR from 0.5 μm to 4.0 μm, the EIT resonances of DSRM devices can be modulated. The EIT windows of DRSM-1 and DSRM-2 can be tuned 0.4 THz and 0.3 THz, respectively. Meanwhile, both DSRM-1 and DSRM-2 are ultra-highly sensitive to the change of ambient refractive index. The maximum sensitivity is 638 GHz/RIU. Moreover, DSRM-3 shows stable to the change of background refractive index. The EIT resonant intensity of DSRM-3 can be modulated gradually by increasing the height of the outer SRR. These results indicate that DSRM devices possess potential applications in the reconfigurable filters, optical switches, programmable logic operators, highly sensitive sensors in the THz-wave optoeelctronics fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient and toxicologically safe ZnO(NP)@GO nanocomposite in the simultaneous detection of Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺ in aqueous medium","authors":"Melody Lalhruaitluangi ,&nbsp;Lalruatkima Ralte ,&nbsp;Diwakar Tiwari ,&nbsp;Jinho Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Miniaturised devices for trace, simultaneous and off-site detection are the need of the hour for protecting public health and the environment at large. Using sustainable and greener approach, the current study explores using <em>Acmella oleracea</em> extract to derive zinc oxide nanoparticles. Further, ZnO incorporates graphene oxide to obtain the nanocomposite material (ZnO(NP)@GO). The thin film electrode using the ZnO(NP)@GO efficiently detects potential heavy metal ions <em>viz.</em>, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺ individually and simultaneously at trace level concentrations. The thin film electrode using the ZnO(NP)@GO showed significantly enhanced electroactive surface area and reduced electron transfer resistance compared to the unmodified glassy carbon electrode. The calibration curve for detecting Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺ shows the limits of detection of 0.026, 0.03, 0.010 and 0.020 µgL⁻¹, respectively, in their simultaneous detection. The ZnO(NP)@GO thin film electrode possesses good shelf life and stability for repeated detections of these heavy metal toxic ions. Furthermore, the thin film electrode detects simultaneously these ions at trace levels in the hospital effluent waters with real implications. Moreover, the acute toxicity of ZnO(NP)@GO towards <em>D. magna</em> shows an EC₅₀ value of 115.7 mgL⁻¹ after 48 hrs, proving the safety and environmental sustainability of the modified electrode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100373"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid-resistant PVP/gold nanoparticles cluster for gastric juice-based metabolomics analysis","authors":"Taeyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Minsu Jang ,&nbsp;Yeongjun Jeon ,&nbsp;Seungwook Han ,&nbsp;You Hwan Kim ,&nbsp;Sunwoo Park ,&nbsp;Hyeyun Lee ,&nbsp;Woosok Moon ,&nbsp;Tae-Young Jeong ,&nbsp;Cheol Woong Choi ,&nbsp;Jin-Woo Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based technology capable of directly analyzing metabolites in gastric juice using acid-resistant nanostructure for the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Although gastric cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate, existing endoscopic examination methods have limitations such as low sensitivity and operator dependency. In this study, we fabricated nanoparticles (NPs) cluster structure using Au NPs encapsulated in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to maintain structural stability even in strongly acidic environments. The PVP-Au NPs solution mixed with gastric juice was coated using the meniscus guided deposition technique to fabricate a uniform NPs cluster, thereby ensuring high chemical stability and reproducibility of SERS signals. The acquired SERS spectra were preprocessed and transformed into barcode-format features, which were then used to train a neural-network-based machine learning classification model. In the analysis of 121 gastric juice samples, the model accurately classified gastric cancer with a sensitivity of 91.7 % and a specificity of 91.7 % in the test set. This study demonstrates the potential of a high-precision gastric cancer diagnostic platform that integrates an acid-resistant PVP-based Au NPs cluster structure with machine learning classification and suggests its possible expansion as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for screening high-risk groups and predicting future prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanically exfoliated MoTe2 thin film Photodetector with an ultra-broadband spectral response from ultraviolet to short-wavelength infrared","authors":"Feng Zhou ,&nbsp;Siyuan Yu ,&nbsp;Xuanqi Zhong ,&nbsp;Haiting Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxian Song","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A high-performance 2H-phase MoTe₂ photodetector with an ultra-broadband spectral response spanning from ultraviolet (375 nm) to short-wavelength infrared (1550 nm) is reported, enabled by layer-dependent bandgap modulation. The device exhibits exceptional optoelectronic metrics, including a fast response time (80 μs), high responsivity (5.04 A/W), and specific detectivity (&gt;3.0 × 10⁹ Jones). First-principles calculations reveal the critical role of reduced bandgap in multilayer MoTe₂ (down to 0.74 eV for bilayer structures) in facilitating efficient SWIR detection. Experimental validation through dual-band (375 nm/1550 nm) imaging of the “HIT” pattern confirms its spatial resolution and multispectral compatibility, highlighting its potential in next-generation optoelectronic systems for optical communication, environmental sensing, and integrated photonic circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100372"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}