Sensors and Actuators Reports最新文献

{"title":"Flexible wide-range, sensitive three-axis pressure sensor array for robotic grasping feedback","authors":"Minghui Yin ,&nbsp;Yusen Guo ,&nbsp;Jing An ,&nbsp;TieZhu Liu ,&nbsp;Guangyang Gou ,&nbsp;Tong Li ,&nbsp;Gang Chen ,&nbsp;Tianjun Ma ,&nbsp;Jianhai Sun ,&nbsp;Mengdi Han ,&nbsp;Jianqun Cheng ,&nbsp;Jun Zhou ,&nbsp;Xuan Sun ,&nbsp;Chengyu Zhuang ,&nbsp;Haiting Li ,&nbsp;Chunxiu Liu ,&nbsp;Zhimei Qi ,&nbsp;Ning Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible pressure sensors capable of detecting normal and tangential forces through physical contact have garnered considerable interest in the realm of human-interactive systems. However, simultaneous detection of multi-directional forces is still a challenge for current research. Herein, a capacitive flexible pressure sensor based on a sandwich structure for three-dimensional force detection is proposed. The fabrication process of the sensor array is straightforward, capable of effectively distinguishing between normal and tangential forces. Polyimide (PI) serves as the flexible substrate for depositing the metal electrode pattern, while Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) acts as the intermediate dielectric layer material and the three-dimensional force conduction block. Through a comparative study of the thickness of the hollow dielectric layer, a pressure sensor with superior performance was prepared, featuring high sensitivity across a wide working range. Test results demonstrate its capability to detect normal forces ranging from 0 to 46 N (0–520 kPa) with a sensitivity of 0.442 N⁻¹ (0.031 kPa⁻¹) and tangential forces from 0 to 10 N with a sensitivity of 0.08 N⁻¹ (X-axis) and 0.07 N⁻¹ (Y-axis). The designed acquisition system can simultaneously gather data from 6 sensor arrays, totaling 240 channels, with a response time of 11 ms. This sensor array, characterized by flexibility, versatility, and a wide range, is suitable for applications in robot tactile perception.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-enzymatic glucose detection via ordered 2D arrays of nickel and nickel chitosan nanowires","authors":"Vicente Gonzales,&nbsp;Chris Rightsell,&nbsp;Alejandro Morales Betancourt,&nbsp;Kelly L. Nash","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glucose sensors play a vital role in the everyday healthcare needs of diabetic patients. However, glucose sensor cost and reliability, particularly regarding their standard functionalization with expensive and environmentally sensitive enzymes, remains a challenge. A method for the fabrication of nickel nanowire arrays (NWAs) coated with a thin layer of chitosan for the non-enzymatic detection of glucose is herein reported. The method is based on the electrodeposition of nickel into anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, followed by a novel chitosan coating procedure. The nickel and nickel chitosan NWAs were characterized via electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques. Electrochemical testing using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry demonstrated that the chitosan coating enhanced the selectivity and stability of the electrochemical sensor for glucose detection, even in the presence of interfering species. Additionally, the coating improved the sensor's sensitivity by 46.39 % and expanded its linear detection range from 3.85 mM to 4.37 mM. The chitosan coating also helped to retain these characteristics even after exposure to physiologically accurate samples and prevented biofouling after exposure to proteins. This simple and robust glucose sensor paves the way for the fabrication of glucose sensors with a high linear range without the need for functionalization with traditional glucose detecting agents such as glucose oxidase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation and validation of MICaFVi: A highly efficient nanotechnology-based method for coronaviruses detection","authors":"Nosaibah Samman ,&nbsp;Haya A. Aljami ,&nbsp;Sadeem Alhayli ,&nbsp;Maha Alzayer ,&nbsp;Khawlah Almuhalhil ,&nbsp;Ahmad Alaskar ,&nbsp;Sameera Aljohani ,&nbsp;Atef Nehdi","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coronaviruses have emerged as a significant public health concern due to the global impact of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which cause COVID-19. The development of sensitive and accurate detection methods is critical for early diagnosis, disease management, and outbreak control. In a previous study, we developed and optimized a nanobased detection methodology called Magnetic Immuno-Capture Followed by Flow Virometry (MICaFVi) using virus-mimicking silica nanoparticles and MERS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral particles. In the present study, we have extended this methodology to evaluate its specificity and sensitivity for detecting wild-type MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in human and camel samples. Our results demonstrated that MICaFVi successfully detected MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses with high sensitivity and specificity, although it showed reduced performance for samples with Ct values of 30 or lower compared to qPCR. Despite some limitations in detection speed and sensitivity, MICaFVi represents a significant advancement in diagnostic methodologies by combining nanotechnology with flow cytometry. Additionally, we adapted the MICaFVi methodology to simultaneously detect MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in a single multiplex assay. The successful implementation of this advanced detection approach has important implications for improving early detection, surveillance, and control of both current and future viral or bacterial pandemics. Our results underscore the potential of MICaFVi as a valuable tool for monitoring the spread of these viruses and highlight its role in advancing diagnostic technologies. This extension of our earlier work offers new insights into the application of nanotechnology and flow cytometry for viral detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100248"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-printable electrophoretic DNA extraction microdevice for on-site bacterial DNA recovery","authors":"Kiwon Nam ,&nbsp;Seungbeom Kim ,&nbsp;Younseong Song ,&nbsp;Yoo Seok Lee ,&nbsp;Seok Jae Lee ,&nbsp;Kyoung G. Lee ,&nbsp;Yong Tae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular diagnosis is a gold standard method for identifying an infectious disease. DNA extraction from a target pathogen is one of the most important procedures for accurate analysis of the disease-causative pathogen. In this study, a novel 3D-printed electrophoretic DNA extraction microdevice (3D-EDEM) was developed using a digital light processing-stereolithography (DLP-SL) for point-of-care analysis. The 3D-EDEM consists of a source chamber for a bacteria lysate reservoir, a sink chamber for an elution solution container, a hydrogel channel embracing capillary channels that act as a sieving matrix for size-based separation, and two electrode holders for supplying electrical current. Prior to fabricating the 3D-EDEM, UV-curable resin was prepared by using a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA), Irgarcure 819 (IRG), and 2-isopropyl thioxanthone (ITX) as a monomer, a photoinitiator, and a photosensitizer, respectively. The 3D-printed 3D-EDEM provides numerous merits of being inexpensive, reproducible, and convenient, making it more suitable for on-site DNA extraction microdevices than soft-lithographic procedures. For DNA extraction on the 3D-EDEM, <em>Escherichia coli</em> O157:H7 (<em>E. coli</em>) lysate and elution buffer were loaded into the source chamber and the sink chamber, respectively. The optimum DNA extraction time and limit of the DNA extraction test of 3D-EDEM were carried out to evaluate DNA extraction performance, especially using a portable battery. Additionally, the successful DNA extraction test from artificially infected food samples confirms the applicability of the 3D-EDEM to real fields. The proposed 3D-EDEM is adequate for on-site DNA extraction in the field of clinical diagnosis, food safety, environmental monitoring, and forensic analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100244"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Room temperature-based hydrogen gas sensing over Laser-Induced Graphene electrode supported Pt nanoparticles for low LOD","authors":"Minseob Lim,&nbsp;Jun Young Kim,&nbsp;Hyunji Kang,&nbsp;Tae Woong Yun,&nbsp;Hong-Baek Cho,&nbsp;Yong-Ho Choa","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel hydrogen sensor that operates efficiently at room temperature with high sensitivity and selectivity. This sensor was created by utilizing a platinum on laser-induced graphene (Pt/LIG) structure. The synthesis process involves the creation of highly crystalline graphene with a large surface area, which serves as an optimal support for nanosized pt catalysts. Post-synthesized Pt nanoparticles were dispersed on the surface of the LIG electrode and envisaged for the hydrogen gas sensing property under ambient conditions without a heating or sensor device. Analysis showed that the Pt nanoparticles are uniquely characterized by their narrow size distribution of less than 5 nm and their homogeneous deposition on the LIG substrate, which itself exhibits a substantial specific surface area of 187.4 m²/g. This configuration enables the sensor to achieve a very low limit for detection of hydrogen to 200 ppb. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates exceptional performance attributes, including high sensitivity, excellent linearity, and remarkable cycle stability over 50 cycles. The synergy between the high surface area of the LIG and the catalytic activity of the Pt nanoparticles facilitates the detection of hydrogen at room temperature. This study contributes significantly to the field of gas sensing technology, particularly in applications requiring accurate and reliable hydrogen detection at ambient conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100247"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H2S gas sensing enhancement of Au-decorated SnO2 nanospheres synthesized using hydrothermal and microwave methods","authors":"Jiyeon Shin ,&nbsp;Jeong Yun Hwang ,&nbsp;Changyu Kim ,&nbsp;Jimyeong Park ,&nbsp;Jong Wook Roh ,&nbsp;Sun-Woo Choi ,&nbsp;Changhyun Jin ,&nbsp;Myung Sik Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, non-oriented Au-decorated SnO₂ nanospheres (NSs) were synthesized using hydrothermal and microwave methods. The SnO₂ spheres ranged from hundreds of nanometers to a microscale. The oxygen vacancy on the surface increased after Au adsorption on the surface of the SnO₂ NSs, ultimately showing a synergistic effect with the spillover effect of the existing Au catalyst. Specifically, at 100 °C and 200 °C, the response to 10 ppm H₂S gas improved to 16.14 and 46.81, respectively. These gas sensing effects were approached individually by being divided into two disadvantages (oxygen adsorption and homojunction) and five advantages (oxygen vacancies, spill-over, surface area, H₂S + SnO₂ reaction, and H₂S + O₂ reaction). Based on this reference, we investigated SnO₂ NSs of various sizes and functions by adjusting the process variables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-capsid identification of full and empty status of recombinant adeno-associated viruses via resistive pulse sensing","authors":"Hanna T. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Farhad Shiri ,&nbsp;Matthew Verber ,&nbsp;Collin McKinney ,&nbsp;Junseo Choi ,&nbsp;Sunggook Park ,&nbsp;Javan Surtan ,&nbsp;Simna Saraswathi Prasannakumari ,&nbsp;Kimberly D. Ritola ,&nbsp;Steven A. Soper","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) are promising vectors for gene therapy, but their production is hampered by the presence of empty capsids, escalating costs and diminishing safety and efficacy. Traditional methods for assessing capsid content status lack adaptability to in-line production workflows. The lack of in-line methods to monitor rAAV production quality limits efforts seeking to improve production efficiency and subsequent <em>in vivo</em> performance. This study introduces a dual in-plane nanopore sensor fabricated in thermoplastics via replication, which can offer near real-time sensing for potential integration into gene therapy production lines and scalability for high-scale manufacturing at low cost. By leveraging differences in surface charge density and internal capsid content, coupled nanoscale electrophoresis and resistive pulse sensing enabled label-free identification of individual full and empty capsids using supervised machine learning with a neural network. This single-capsid analysis approach may also offer insights into rAAV-host cell interactions and population heterogeneity. We demonstrated using rAAV9 as an example due to its wide use in gene therapies, but establishment of the methodology as delineated in this manuscript will make the technology applicable to other vectors, such as lentiviruses and adenoviruses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666053924000584/pdfft?md5=fe6a8138843bd34be0eae0414d942b8e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666053924000584-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review: Advanced electrochemical analysis based on nanoscale scanning electrochemical microscopy","authors":"Je Hyun Bae","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electroanalysis is a type of analytical method used to study an analyte by measuring its electrical properties in an electrochemical cell. It has been widely used because it is a relatively simple and inexpensive technique, has a low detection limit and is able to measure original electrical signals. Electroanalysis has advanced with the development of nanotechnology, offering new opportunities for analysis. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a probe-based surface analysis instrument that enables real-time surface and interfacial analysis with spatial resolution in an electrochemical environment. In this review, we focus on the use of nanoscale SECM for improved electroanalysis. After introducing the fabrication, characterization, and modification of nanoelectrodes, which are the key to enabling nanoscale SECM, we introduce the instrumentation and fundamental principles of SECM. Several examples are provided to illustrate the advanced electroanalysis of photo-electrocatalysts and biosystems based on nanoscale SECM, which will be utilized as a more powerful electroanalytical tool in the future when combined with other analytical instruments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666053924000596/pdfft?md5=16217f9f1bc1a5627f1ead0b2e0e8e3d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666053924000596-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions adsorbed on microplastics with varying surface charges","authors":"Sachintha D. Illesinghe,&nbsp;Vignesh Sundaresan","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics (MPs) are global pollutants found in various environmental compartments, including oceans, freshwater bodies, soils, and air. Their persistence and potential to adsorb heavy metals raise significant concerns regarding water quality and ecosystem health. Understanding the interaction between MPs and heavy metals is crucial for assessing environmental risks and developing remediation strategies. In this study, we use electroanalytical techniques to investigate the adsorption of heavy metal ions— Cr³⁺, Zn²⁺, and Ni²⁺—by polystyrene MPs with different surface functionalizations: carboxyl, amino, and unfunctionalized. We conducted electrodeposition of metal ions on a gold ultramicroelectrode both before and after mixing with MPs. Following this, we used anodic stripping voltammetry to measure the change in the electrodeposited charge (ΔQ). This charge difference, observed before and after the interaction of ions with MPs, was analyzed to understand the adsorption kinetics and dynamics. Our experiments revealed that carboxyl-functionalized MPs exhibited the highest ΔQ due to strong electrostatic attraction with the metal ions, with values 1.67 ×, 1.50 ×, and 1.22 × greater than those for amino-MPs for Cr³⁺, Zn²⁺, and Ni²⁺, respectively. Amino-MPs displayed considerable ion adsorption, suggesting poor electrostatic repulsion between two positively charged entities. Interestingly, unfunctionalized MPs, which had a negative surface charge similar to carboxyl-MPs, showed different adsorption characteristics, with lower ΔQ values for all metal ions. This study underscores the significant role of surface functionalization on the adsorption efficiency and kinetics of heavy metal ions by MPs. It also demonstrates the utility of electroanalytical techniques in understanding metal ion-MP interactions, offering insights into potential environmental impacts and remediation strategies, as well as in developing electrochemical sensors for detecting heavy metal ions adsorbed on MPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666053924000572/pdfft?md5=404d6c1773b095ba571af67154ce15a6&pid=1-s2.0-S2666053924000572-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-coated iron(III) oxide nanoparticles and tungsten disulfide quantum dots-immobilized Fiber-based WaveFlex Biosensor for Staphylococcus Aureus bacterial detection in real food samples","authors":"Xianzheng Lang ,&nbsp;Ragini Singh ,&nbsp;Qinghua Zeng ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Daniele Tosi ,&nbsp;Jan Nedoma ,&nbsp;Carlos Marques ,&nbsp;Bingyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2024.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The research proposes and investigates an extraordinarily sensitive, label-free WaveFlex biosensor utilizing optical fiber technology for the detection of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>), a common foodborne bacterium. The WaveFlex biosensor (plasmon Wave based Flexible optical fiber Biosensor) is based on a novel flexible tapered single-mode fiber structure, utilizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to trigger the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Additionally, the sensitivity is further enhanced using chitosan-coated iron(III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄–CS NPs) and tungsten disulfide quantum dots (WS₂-QDs). The optical fiber surface is functionalized with antibodies to achieve specific detection of <em>S. aureus</em>. For <em>S. aureus</em> concentrations at 1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL (colony-forming units per milliliter), the sensor's maximum sensitivity of 2.74 nm/lg (CFU/mL), and a detection limit (LOD) of 6.67 CFU/mL. This ultra-sensitive biosensor holds great potential for widespread applications in various fields, including disease detection, medical diagnostics, and food safety inspection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666053924000559/pdfft?md5=da349f34f60feee305d07580b1a313ec&pid=1-s2.0-S2666053924000559-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}