Sensors and Actuators Reports最新文献

{"title":"Lab on-tip fiber based on dual side hole LSPR for vitamin K1 detection","authors":"Mohammad-Mahdi Babakhani-Fard,&nbsp;Mohammad Ismail Zibaii,&nbsp;Soroush Rostami,&nbsp;Hamid Latifi","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting, bone metabolism and diverse physiological functions. This study aims to simulate and fabricate a functional dual side hole fiber (DSHF) biosensor to Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) and multi-walled carbon nanotube/chitosan (MWCNT/Chit) nanohybrid as a lab-on-tip fiber (LOTF) for detecting vitamin K₁ (VK₁). Label-free LOTF based on refractive index (RI) sensing was designed based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) using immobilizing CSNPs to the DSHF tip. DSHF was fabricated using chemical etching a tip of PM fiber optic. The finite element method (FEM) and experimental analysis indicate that the functionalized DSHF to CSNPs can sense the RI range of 1.3332-1.3604 RIU with extremely high RI sensitivities of <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>U</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>∼</mo><mn>2322.84</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>n</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>U</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>∼</mo><mn>2310.35</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>n</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>U</mi></mrow></math></span> respectively. The obtained limit of detection of the sensor for VK₁ was 1.06 × 10^-5 µg/l in the range of 0-10^-3 g/l. To evaluate the applicability of the proposed method in the actual sample, the sensor was tested in the human serum sample. The selectivity of the LOTF was measured using cholesterol, dopamine, glucose, heparin, and vitamin C (VC) as interfering elements. The extremely high sensitivity and selectivity of this optical fiber biosensor to VK₁ is due to a specific redox reaction between coated MWCNT/Chit nanohybrid and VK₁ molecules, leading to a significant increase in the dielectric function of the nanohybrid and following it the LSPR resonance wavelength of the proposed biosensor was shifted at different concentrations of VK₁.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay of surface nanotopography and tether flexibility towards analyte capture by tethered receptors","authors":"Matteo Beggiato,&nbsp;Hugo Payen,&nbsp;Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineering topography and chemistry at the molecular length scale holds significant potential to control analyte binding at the biosensing interface. Here, we investigate the influence of nanotopography on analyte capture, by receptors tethered to the sensor surface via rigid or flexible tethers. Two different scenarios for analyte binding are investigated, viz. gold nanoparticles (as pseudo analyte) to aminated surfaces and neutravidin to biotinylated surfaces. The findings reveal the impact of nanotopography to be different depending on whether the amine or biotin receptors were bound to surface via rigid or flexible tethers. In case of rigid tethers, the nanotopography was found to have an influence beyond what could be attributed to the increase in surface areas. When flexible tethers were used, the increase in analyte capture could be attributed to the increase in surface areas as well as an increase in analyte capture efficiencies due to flexible tethers. The findings highlight the nanotopography and tether flexibility as having unique potential to maximize analyte capture efficiencies on affinity biosensors. The use of nano-QCM sensors exhibiting well-defined, periodic nanotopographies proved indispensable to real-time, label-free quantification of analyte⬄nanostructure interactions at the nano biosensing interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100388"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel colorimetric lead ion detection method using lead-2′3-dimercaptosuccinic acid chelates to catalyze etching of gold nanostars","authors":"Yuhuan Qin ,&nbsp;Wenxue Sun ,&nbsp;Joseph Brake ,&nbsp;Sulin Gao ,&nbsp;Qianqian Li ,&nbsp;Xinrong Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiang Bian ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead ions are an environmental pollutant and a threat to human health. Traditional methods for detecting lead ions suffer disadvantages such as being time-consuming and expensive, therefore there is a need to develop simpler and faster methods. We developed an optimized spectroscopic method to detect lead ions by first identifying a lead-specific chelator 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) which was screened using a novel biological screening system and verified by metal chromophore assays. Synthetic gold nanostars (GNSs) were explored for use as probes and we found that DMSA-Pb chelates catalyzed the etching of GNSs in solution resulting in a color change. We observed a change in the longitudinal local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of GNSs in the presence of DMSA-Pb which could be measured in subsequent experiments. The optimized etching reaction displayed strong sensitivity and selectivity for Pb²⁺ and achieved a detection limit of 2 nM less than 2 min, which is well below the safety threshold of Pb²⁺ in environmental water and food. The Pb²⁺ contents of rice, beans, milk, grapes, peaches, and cabbage were detected by the DMSA-Pb GNSs method and were consistent with those of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Our study provides a novel and practical approach for rapid, safe, and cost-effective detection of lead ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piezoelectric sensor characterization in buckling mode for structural dynamic strain measurements","authors":"Aliakbar Ghaderiaram,&nbsp;Erik Schlangen,&nbsp;Mohammad Fotouhi","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The buckling mode in piezoelectric materials offers advantages such as an increased measurable strain range, ease of installation, and extended service life. This paper investigates the potential of piezoelectric sensors operating in buckling mode for structural strain measurement by evaluating key factors including boundary conditions, sensor response linearity under dynamic loading, and impedance engineering to optimize the voltage–strain relationship. A structural extension was developed to facilitate sensor integration and to enable the application of different buckling boundary conditions. Results show that the clamped–clamped configuration generated at least 1.65 times higher output voltage, and three times greater peak strain compared to other boundary conditions. An experimentally validated analytical model was employed to assess and improve the performance of buckled piezoelectric sensors in dynamic environments. The findings highlight that introducing initial buckling reduces signal perturbations, enhances voltage linearity across loading frequencies, and extends the effective strain measurement range. Furthermore, impedance engineering was used to successfully mitigate the nonlinear effects of transient response, thereby improving signal stability and accuracy in dynamic strain monitoring applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100362"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart flexible wearables for non-invasive body fluid monitoring: a multidisciplinary roadmap and future directions","authors":"Yizhou Bai ,&nbsp;Chaojing Li ,&nbsp;Fujun Wang ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxue Zhu ,&nbsp;Guoping Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real-time monitoring and understanding of individual health status not only enable the prompt identification of potential health concerns, thereby facilitating timely interventions to prevent severe injury or mortality, but also assist individuals in managing their lifestyles effectively, improving health behaviors, and enhancing overall quality of life. The paradigm shift toward non-invasive health monitoring through smart flexible wearables represents a transformative convergence of multidisciplinary innovation. Advancements in textile science, materials science, biomedicine, computer science, and electronic information and communication technology have resulted in the continuous emergence of flexible, comfortable, sensitive, and precise smart wearable monitoring devices. The range of monitoring indicators has expanded beyond traditional metrics, such as body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate, to encompass a range of biomarkers and biomolecules found in bodily fluids. Furthermore, the targets for monitoring have broadened from blood to encompass sweat, interstitial fluid, saliva, tears, and exhaled breath, marking a transition from invasive to non-invasive methodologies. Therefore, to inspire the continuous enhancement and evolution of smart wearable products and foster the development of innovations, this review summarizes existing advancements, identifying critical challenges, and offering perspectives on future innovations, this study aims to serve as a multidisciplinary roadmap for the development of next-generation wearable technologies. This review aims to provide a multidisciplinary roadmap for the development of next-generation wearable technologies, highlighting key materials and application contexts associated with these technologies. Finally, this review outlines the challenges faced by this technology and presents perspectives on future advancements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100380"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasensitive engineered two-dimensional metal carbide-based transistor biosensor for point-of-care lung cancer diagnosis via exosomal miRNA profiling","authors":"Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenkai Fan ,&nbsp;Haiwei Sang ,&nbsp;Chengling Zhao ,&nbsp;Bing Xia ,&nbsp;Zhao Jina ,&nbsp;Haining Hong ,&nbsp;Qiao Ge ,&nbsp;Yifan Yang ,&nbsp;Liwei Chen ,&nbsp;Ansheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of ultrasensitive biosensing platforms for detecting exosomal MicroRNA-21 (miR-21), a critical biomarker for lung cancer, remains a significant challenge in point-of-care diagnostics. Here, we present a two-dimensional metal carbide (MXene)-based field-effect transistor biosensor (Pt-MX-iFETs), engineered with platinum nanowires (PtNWs) to achieve exceptional electrical conductivity and transconductance. This novel metal carbide architecture enables ultralow-concentration miR-21 detection at 0.84 fM, representing one of the most sensitive biosensing platforms reported to date. The superior performance of PtNWs@MXene stems from its unique morphology and enhanced charge transfer properties, facilitating high-affinity miRNA capture and signal amplification. In clinical validation, Pt-MX-iFETs demonstrated favorable correlation with quantitative PCR (R²=0.8529) and successfully discriminated lung cancer patients from healthy controls (<em>p</em> = 0.000139). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis further confirmed diagnostic efficacy, yielding an AUC of 0.904, with 81.8 % specificity and 81.9 % sensitivity. Our findings highlight the unprecedented sensitivity of metal carbide-based biosensing, enabling reliable exosomal miRNA detection in complex biofluids. With further clinical validation, Pt-MX-iFETs hold transformative potential for early lung cancer screening, real-time disease monitoring, and precision therapy guidance, establishing a new paradigm for ultrasensitive, portable diagnostic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of micro/nanoelectrodes for single-cell analysis","authors":"Congcong Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Du,&nbsp;Zhenguo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cell analysis is crucial for studying the life activity processes of cells and revealing the mechanisms of disease occurrence and development. Micro/nanoelectrodes, with their ultrafine dimensions, exhibit significant advantages in real-time, dynamic monitoring of individual cells owing to their miniature size, high sensitivity, and enhanced spatial and temporal resolutions. At present, multiple preparation methods about micro/nanoelectrodes have been constructed to achieve sensitive detection of single-cell. However, micro/nanoelectrodes still face challenges, particularly in achieving higher sensitivity and selectivity due to the complex internal environment of single cells, the low concentration of active molecules and dynamic changes that occur within cell, and the detected substances are relatively limited. In this review, we discuss the advances and applications of micro/nanoelectrodes for real-time dynamic monitoring of single-cell nearly 10 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100348"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of oxygen tension variation in an in vitro tumor microenvironment model based on co-culture of tumor spheroid and endothelial cells in a microfluidic device","authors":"Kuang-Hsing Chiang ,&nbsp;Wei-Jen Chang ,&nbsp;Yuan-Hsuan Liu ,&nbsp;Hsin-Lei Lin ,&nbsp;Chih-Ting Lin ,&nbsp;Tzyy-Wen Chiou ,&nbsp;Hsiao-Mei Wu ,&nbsp;Yi-Chung Tung","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we developed an <em>in vitro</em> tumor microenvironment model that integrates a tumor spheroid and a monolayer of endothelial cells within a microfluidic device, aiming to replicate the complex conditions of an avascular solid tumor with limited oxygen supply. The tumor spheroid is cultured in a gas-impermeable plastic chamber, which effectively simulates the limited oxygen supply environment of solid tumors, thereby providing a realistic platform for studying tumor behavior and interactions with surrounding cells. To characterize the three-dimensional spatial oxygen tension profiles, we utilized oxygen-sensing microbeads with widefield frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM). The FD-FLIM setup ensures minimal excitation light dosage to reduce photocytotoxicity while providing capabilities for reliable three-dimensional oxygen tension measurements for an extended period. The experimental results show that the oxygen tensions were lowered to approximately 6% in the neighborhood of a colon cancer cell line (HCT116) tumor spheroid. Interestingly, when the tumor spheroid is co-cultured with a monolayer of endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cell, HUVEC), the lowering of oxygen tension can be alleviated. Our findings highlight the significant interactions between the tumor spheroid and endothelial cells, emphasizing the crucial role of the endothelium in regulating oxygen microenvironments and influencing angiogenesis. Furthermore, the model provides a valuable tool for exploring the dynamics of tumor biology. This capability is particularly beneficial for drug development and preclinical validation, as it allows for the observation of interactions among different cell types and the assessment of stimulations or environmental factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100396"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscale heterojunction indium oxide/molybdenum disulphide field-effect transistor: A cost-effective wafer scale fabrication with improved performance","authors":"Mohamed Taha Amen,&nbsp;Cheah Edward,&nbsp;Duy Phu Tran,&nbsp;Benjamin Thierry","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal oxide heterojunction thin films are promising building blocks for the fabrication of functional devices in microelectronics, bio-chemical sensors, photovoltaics, and optical displays. However, balancing the large-scale manufacturability with performance, uniformity, and cost-effectiveness remains a significant challenge. Here, we report a wafer-scale fabrication process of bilayer stacks of high-mobility indium oxide and molybdenum disulphide heterojunction thin films and their application for the preparation of high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs). The annealed heterojunction thin film exhibits uniform crystalline structures and good surface roughness across the whole wafer. A simple soft lithography and lift-off process of the heterojunction thin film could produce nanotransistor devices with a remarkable electron mobility enhancement of more than 1100 % compared to indium oxide or molybdenum disulphide single layer devices. The heterojunction FET sensors yielded more than a twofold higher pH sensitivity compared to silicon-based ionic FETs and excellent linearity. These findings coupled with the cost-effective fabrication strategy underscore the potential of indium oxide and molybdenum disulphide heterojunction FET devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100390"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid-resistant PVP/gold nanoparticles cluster for gastric juice-based metabolomics analysis","authors":"Taeyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Minsu Jang ,&nbsp;Yeongjun Jeon ,&nbsp;Seungwook Han ,&nbsp;You Hwan Kim ,&nbsp;Sunwoo Park ,&nbsp;Hyeyun Lee ,&nbsp;Woosok Moon ,&nbsp;Tae-Young Jeong ,&nbsp;Cheol Woong Choi ,&nbsp;Jin-Woo Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based technology capable of directly analyzing metabolites in gastric juice using acid-resistant nanostructure for the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Although gastric cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate, existing endoscopic examination methods have limitations such as low sensitivity and operator dependency. In this study, we fabricated nanoparticles (NPs) cluster structure using Au NPs encapsulated in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to maintain structural stability even in strongly acidic environments. The PVP-Au NPs solution mixed with gastric juice was coated using the meniscus guided deposition technique to fabricate a uniform NPs cluster, thereby ensuring high chemical stability and reproducibility of SERS signals. The acquired SERS spectra were preprocessed and transformed into barcode-format features, which were then used to train a neural-network-based machine learning classification model. In the analysis of 121 gastric juice samples, the model accurately classified gastric cancer with a sensitivity of 91.7 % and a specificity of 91.7 % in the test set. This study demonstrates the potential of a high-precision gastric cancer diagnostic platform that integrates an acid-resistant PVP-based Au NPs cluster structure with machine learning classification and suggests its possible expansion as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for screening high-risk groups and predicting future prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}