Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research最新文献

{"title":"Deformation of liquid crystal droplets: A new sensing mode for Pb2+ detection","authors":"Xuewan Wu,&nbsp;Rui Huang,&nbsp;Yanting Liu,&nbsp;Ruyi Deng,&nbsp;Ziyi Xiao,&nbsp;Zhixin Liu,&nbsp;Zhexuan Lin,&nbsp;Kaisong Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring sensing mode with new detection signal is of great significance in analytical chemistry. In this study, we introduce a new sensing mode that employs the deformation of liquid crystal (LC) droplets as a new detection signal. As a proof-of-concept, we fabricated SDS-coated liquid crystal (LC) droplets, where the degree of deformation shows a positive correlation with the concentration of the target analyte, lead ions (Pb²⁺). The limit of detection (LOD) for Pb²⁺ was determined to be 106.4 μg/mL, which is lower than the other metal ions. It is worth noting that preliminary experimental results demonstrate that other surfactants (such as sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate, AOS) and organic phase (such as vegetable oil) also could be employed to fabricate the droplets and show different response to metal ions, which show high flexibility of the as-proposed detection method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100962"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel electrochemical sensor modified with the [Cu(SCN)(PPh₃)(dpa)] complex for the simultaneous detection of resorcinol and hydroquinone","authors":"Alexandra Virginia Bounegru ,&nbsp;Cătălina Iticescu ,&nbsp;Simona Butan ,&nbsp;Alina Ceoromila ,&nbsp;Aurel Tăbăcaru","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work reports, for the first time, the application of a copper(I) complex, namely [Cu(SCN)(PPh₃)(dpa)] (SCN = thiocyanate, PPh₃ = triphenylphosphine, dpa = 2,2′-dipyridylamine), in the construction of a modified electrochemical screen printed carbon electrode.This sensor represents the first electrochemical device utilizing this copper(I) complex for the simultaneous detection of hydroquinone (HQ) and resorcinol (RS) in natural water. The influence of the solvent used to disperse the Cu(I) complex was investigated, and the results showed that the use of acetonitrile (MeCN) favored the development of a more efficient sensor with a larger active surface area (0.120 cm²), compared to the case when dimethylformamide (DMF) was employed, as was also confirmed by the different coverages of the sensors surface through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The newly developed modified sensor demonstrated significant electrocatalytic activity, thus confirming its usefulness for the detection of phenolic compounds. Selectivity studies performed in the presence of structurally related phenolic interferents revealed only minor effects on the electrochemical response, confirming the robustness of the sensor. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the [Cu(SCN)(PPh₃)(dpa)]/MeCN/C-SPE sensor exhibited excellent performance over a linear range of 0 μM to 0.045 μM, with limits of detection (LOD) of 16.81 nM for HQ and 2.01 nM for RS, and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 56.04 nM and 4.03 nM, respectively. The sensor also showed high reproducibility and accuracy in real water samples, with recoveries ranging from 88.45% to 114.12%, validating its potential for practical applications in environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ag2S nanoparticles enable early detection of inflammation by transient thermometry","authors":"Livia Didonè ,&nbsp;Ueslen Rocha ,&nbsp;Liyan Ming ,&nbsp;Marta Román-Carmena ,&nbsp;Riccardo Marin ,&nbsp;Erving Ximendes ,&nbsp;Daniel Jaque ,&nbsp;Miriam Granado ,&nbsp;Álvaro Artiga","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early diagnosis of inflammation, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis, remains challenging due to the limited sensitivity of conventional methods. Here, we introduce a novel diagnosis approach using Ag₂S nanoparticles for transient thermometry to detect early-stage inflammation. Ag₂S nanoparticles exhibit temperature-dependent near-infrared (NIR) luminescence, which enables measurement of the dynamics of joint temperature. Our results demonstrate that both acute and chronic inflammation can be detected by monitoring the shortening in the thermal relaxation time of inflamed joints. This method offers a sensitive, minimally invasive, and cost-effective tool for early inflammation diagnosis, potentially improving patient outcomes by enabling timely intervention. Importantly, it discriminates subtle inflammatory processes from non-inflammatory conditions even at very early stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-cochlear detection of Interleukin-6 using nanoMIPs embedded in a biodegradable matrix","authors":"Minh-Hai Nguyen ,&nbsp;Pankaj Singla ,&nbsp;Amy Dann ,&nbsp;Trung Hieu Tran ,&nbsp;Jan Sündermann ,&nbsp;Michaela Kreienmeyer ,&nbsp;Heike Schmitt ,&nbsp;Thomas Butterbrodt ,&nbsp;Tobias Schwarz ,&nbsp;Jana Schwieger ,&nbsp;Verena Scheper ,&nbsp;Marloes Peeters ,&nbsp;Patrick Wagner ,&nbsp;Athanasia Warnecke ,&nbsp;Corinna Kaulen ,&nbsp;Julia Körner ,&nbsp;Thomas Lenarz ,&nbsp;Theodor Doll","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A major challenge in cochlear implant (CI) therapy is postoperative inflammation, which can compromise long-term electrode function. Conventional interleukin-6 (IL-6) detection is challenging due to factors such as its inherent instability. In this study, we present a cost-effective detection strategy using epitope-specific molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs). These nanoMIPs enable sensitive detection of both IL-6 and its epitope, representing a scalable and economical alternative for inflammation monitoring. NanoMIPs were embedded in a biodegradable chitosan matrix and sprayed onto electrodes. To detect the biomarker, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used, a functionality which is already embedded in CI circuits. The sensors enabled reliable detection of IL-6 down to 29 pg/mL, which represents the lowest concentration investigated in this study, with improved sensitivity to the small epitope, as the larger protein causes higher impedance changes due to steric hindrance. Additionally, the sensors enabled concentration-dependent IL-6 detection in human perilymph samples down to 2 pg/mL, with higher signal responses for IL-6 relative to other perilymph components. Comparison with an immunoassay supported analytical accuracy and diagnostic relevance. The sensors were subsequently tested weekly for functionality over four weeks under physiological conditions, with nanoMIP:chitosan ratios of 1:6 and 1:8 being optimal for long-term monitoring. Moreover, the nanoMIPs have a diameter of 56 nm (a parameter that can influence physiological excretion) and cytotoxicity tests demonstrated their biocompatibility. This work presents an epitope-based nanoMIP sensor platform that overcomes economic and biochemical limitations of protein-based biosensors, enabling advanced, real-time self-monitoring CI systems for in-vivo inflammation tracking to reduce implant failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100990"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147419800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative approaches to HER2 detection: Biosensors in breast cancer management","authors":"Babak Nejati ,&nbsp;Sepideh Shadravan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdi Heidari ,&nbsp;Atefe Etebari ,&nbsp;Ahmad Mobed ,&nbsp;Sajjad Jafarzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women globally, accounting for approximately 670,000 deaths in 2022. The overexpression of the HER2 protein in breast cancer has established it as a pivotal target for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Recent advancements in biosensor technology have significantly improved the detection, monitoring, and treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. This review focuses on the latest innovations in biosensor design and functionality, including the use of nanomaterials, electrochemical, and optical biosensors, all tailored for the sensitive and specific detection of HER2. We explore not only recent advancements but also conventional methods such as FISH, CISH, and IHC, demonstrating how these approaches, in conjunction with biosensor technologies, facilitate real-time monitoring of treatment responses and disease progression, thereby offering personalized management strategies for patients. Additionally, we discuss the integration of biosensor technologies with microfluidics and wearable devices, highlighting their immense potential in point-of-care diagnostics. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive synthesis of current research, referencing articles published over the past two years, with a focus on biosensors specific to HER2 detection. This work particularly emphasizes multi-modal sensing approaches and their practical applications in clinical settings. By summarizing key findings and ongoing studies, this review aims to elucidate the transformative role of biosensors in enhancing breast cancer management and improving patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realistic image-based simulations of multicellular systems exposed to electric fields for applications in impedance sensing and electrical stimulation","authors":"Julius Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Lam Vien Che ,&nbsp;Trevor M. Kickliter ,&nbsp;Simon Adrian ,&nbsp;Ursula van Rienen","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced microscopy techniques enable live imaging of biological processes in multicellular systems with subcellular resolution. New insights into tissue–electric field interactions are unlocked by combining microscopy with microelectrodes for impedance analysis and electrical stimulation. However, a streamlined pipeline to develop realistic numerical simulations for electric field computations from imaging data is currently lacking. We present a user-friendly, automated, and efficient solution to bridge this gap. The method relies on well-established open-source software and can be readily deployed on a high-performance computing cluster. Verification cases with known analytical solutions demonstrate the high accuracy and reliability of the method. As demonstration cases of application scenarios of our method, we show how the electric field exposure of multicellular geometries imaged by 3D fluorescence microscopy can be numerically computed. Moreover, impedance spectra and the local effect of electrical stimulation by microelectrodes are computed. Finally, sensitivities to cell state and morphology are outlined, providing a basis for the rational design of future experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of artificial intelligence and the internet of things in chitosan synthesis and electrochemical sensors applications: A brief overview","authors":"Yohan ,&nbsp;Irkham ,&nbsp;Irwan Kurnia ,&nbsp;Natasha Fransisca ,&nbsp;Adisyahputra ,&nbsp;Yeni Wahyuni Hartati","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past ten years, chitosan has attracted substantial scientific and industrial interest due to its natural abundance, biodegradability, and versatile functional properties. These attributes have enabled its rapid advancement across multiple sectors, including wastewater treatment, biomedical engineering, and sensor technology. Chitosan, a polysaccharide and polyelectrolyte polymer rich in amine and hydroxyl groups, offers vast potential for chemical modification. AI technologies have been utilized in chitosan synthesis for optimizing particle size, separation, coagulation, solubility, and sensor performance. Additionally, chitosan-based sensors have demonstrated efficacy in potentiometric and voltammetric applications. This review highlights the emerging roles of chitosan compound synthesis strategies for electrochemical sensors, advanced physicochemical characterization approaches, the functional role of chitosan in potentiometric and voltammetric sensing, and recent progress in integrating AI and IoT into both chitosan synthesis and chitosan-based sensor systems. A comparative analysis of recent references highlights gaps in the consistency of AI adoption and indicates a growing trend toward chitosan-based sensor development. This review provides an integrated perspective on how AI and IoT can accelerate innovation in chitosan synthesis and chitosan-based self-powered sensors, while outlining future opportunities for next-generation smart sensing and biosensing technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100970"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced nano-biosensors with multiscale applications: A comprehensive review","authors":"Ayush Madan ,&nbsp;Abdulhakim Umar Toro ,&nbsp;Ramandeep Saini ,&nbsp;Edward Terhemen Akange ,&nbsp;Mehdi Rahimi","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanobiosensors have emerged as transformative analytical platforms by integrating nanoscale materials with biological recognition to achieve ultrasensitive, selective, and real-time detection across diverse application domains. This comprehensive review critically synthesizes recent advances in nanobiosensor design through a unified multiscale framework that links nanoscale sensing mechanisms, mesoscopic device architectures, and macroscopic system integration. We systematically evaluate major nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, metallic nanoparticles, nanowires, and polymer nanocomposites, correlating their physicochemical properties with sensing performance metrics such as sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Emphasis is placed on mechanistic signal transduction pathways, including electron transfer, field-effect modulation, plasmonic resonance, and fluorescence-based energy transfer, to explain observed performance trade-offs. Multiscale application pathways are analyzed across healthcare diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and agriculture, demonstrating that practical deployment depends on coordinated integration beyond nanoscale sensitivity alone. Key challenges limiting translation, including biocompatibility, fouling, fabrication scalability, and long-term signal stability, are critically assessed alongside emerging mitigation strategies such as hybrid architectures, surface engineering, and AI-assisted signal processing. By reframing multiscale nanobiosensing as a system-level design paradigm rather than a material-centric pursuit, this review provides actionable guidelines for rational sensor development and highlights future directions toward robust, scalable, and application-ready nanobiosensor technologies for global deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced electrochemical detection of hemoglobin in chronic kidney disease (CKD) anemic patients' serum by Ni2Co(WO4)2 enriched copper nanocomposite","authors":"Kiran Batool ,&nbsp;Faiqa Gull ,&nbsp;Dilshad Hussain ,&nbsp;Sana Shaheen ,&nbsp;Fatima Hassan ,&nbsp;Rubaida Mahmood ,&nbsp;Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq ,&nbsp;Batool Fatima","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anemia is associated with impaired hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, resulting from the kidneys not producing enough erythropoietin, which leads to a decrease in red blood cells. Hemoglobin (Hb) detection is thus vital for diagnosing anemia, preventing complications, monitoring treatment efficacy, improving quality of life, and reducing morbidity rates. An electrochemical sensor based on the nickel‑cobalt bis tungstate-Cu (Ni₂Co(WO₄)₂-Cu) nanocomposite is developed using the self-combustion method to detect Hb in the blood of anemic patients. The fabricated nanocomposite is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Sensing parameters, including scan rate, pH, concentration, and interference, are optimized. The linearity and detection limits for Ni₂Co(WO₄)₂-Cu coated onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) are 10–70 μM and 0.2 μM, respectively. The Hb recovery from real samples is 80–89%. The sensor stability is evaluated by 100 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles. Ni₂Co(WO₄)₂-Cu/GCE can efficiently monitor hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the blood of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Pearson and Spearman correlation tests are used to examine the relationship between Hb and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). This analysis reveals that Hb levels are linked to eGFR in CKD. Hb and eGFR levels in blood can thus be used as predictive biomarkers of CKD before the development of end-stage renal failure. Ni₂Co(WO₄)₂-Cu/GCE electrochemical sensor can be used in point-of-care devices and has potential applications in clinical diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100847"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147419793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerium-doped SnO₂ nanoparticles as an efficient electrochemical sensor for furazolidone detection in food and biological samples","authors":"E. Jegalakshmi ,&nbsp;M. Rameshbabu ,&nbsp;Manikandan Ayyar ,&nbsp;S. Sasi Florence ,&nbsp;D. Shanmugapriya ,&nbsp;V. Mohanavel ,&nbsp;P. Sagayaraj ,&nbsp;Mani Govindasamy ,&nbsp;S. Muthupandi ,&nbsp;K. Prabha ,&nbsp;R. Balachandran","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive utilization of antimicrobial agents in agricultural practices and food production results in detrimental impacts on both human wellness and environmental systems. Electrochemical detection devices serve as crucial instruments for monitoring the concentrations of these antimicrobial compounds. This research presents the fabrication of pristine and cerium-modified tin oxide nanomaterials using a straightforward co-precipitation technique for electrochemical detection purposes. The morphological and crystalline characteristics of the synthesized materials were investigated using XRD, SEM, XPS and FTIR. Among the tested compositions, tin oxide nanomaterials containing 1% cerium dopant demonstrated superior detection capabilities when compared to undoped samples and those containing 3% and 5% cerium concentrations, making it the optimal choice for cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry investigations conducted in acidic conditions (pH 2). Furthermore, the cerium-modified tin oxide detection system exhibited excellent reproducibility, long-term stability, consistent performance, and resistance to interfering substances. Practical validation was performed using authentic biological samples including human serum, honey, and poultry tissue extracts. The cerium-enhanced tin oxide sensing platform represents an economical, user-friendly, and highly sensitive solution for antimicrobial detection, contributing significantly to advancements in sensor technology development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100977"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147419794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}