Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research最新文献

{"title":"Silver nanoparticles for the colorimetric determination of electrolytes by UV–vis spectrophotometry and digital image analysis","authors":"Irati Berasarte,&nbsp;Ane Bordagaray,&nbsp;Rosa Garcia-Arrona,&nbsp;Miren Ostra,&nbsp;Maider Vidal","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the colorimetric determination of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium electrolytes was investigated as an alternative to the existing AuNP-based methods. Different synthetic routes were explored, and the characterization and purification of the obtained solutions was performed, reducing particle size from 27 ± 15 nm to 10.3 ± 1.4 nm. A procedure employing UV–Vis spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is proposed to evaluate the success of the purification process. The colorimetric response was achieved with the amino acid Lysine, which causes the aggregation of NPs and leads to a visible color change from yellow to dark orange and red. UV–Vis spectroscopy and digital image analysis (DIA) were used as detection methods, obtaining good results in all cases (R² 0.987–0.998 and 0.959–0.997, respectively). By UV–Vis, the first method for Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ using AgNPs was developed, and by DIA, the first method for all four electrolytes. Finally, an extensive literature search led to the identification of several critical aspects regarding the synthesis and use of AgNPs, and some general considerations were raised.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100831"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a photonic crystal-based biosensing platform for HIV viral load quantification","authors":"Saturnin Ombinda-Lemboumba ,&nbsp;Sello Lebohang Manoto ,&nbsp;Charles Maphanga ,&nbsp;Masixole Yvonne Lugongolo ,&nbsp;Mabotse Tjale ,&nbsp;Luleka Mngwengwe ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Kasem ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Elfaham ,&nbsp;Ahmed El-Hussein ,&nbsp;Patience Mthunzi-Kufa","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate quantification of HIV viral load (VL) is critical for monitoring antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy. Traditional VL testing methods are often expensive and require centralized laboratory infrastructure, limiting their accessibility in resource-constrained settings. In the current study, we present a photonic crystal (PhC)-based optical biosensor functionalized with anti-HIV-gp120 antibodies for the sensitive detection of HIV-1 pseudovirus. Characterization techniques, including dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, UV–visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, confirmed effective antibody-analyte interactions. Transmission spectroscopy revealed significant resonance wavelength shifts corresponding to varying viral titers. The proposed biosensor demonstrated reliable detection and quantification down to a concentration of 0.99 × 10⁻³ TCID₅₀/ml (D3), with measurable resonance wavelength shifts clearly distinguishable from background signals. The detection limit was as low as 0.99 × 10⁻³ TCID₅₀/ml. Validation with real-time quantitative PCR (rt-qPCR) demonstrated the biosensor's sensitivity. These findings underscore the potential of the PhC-based biosensor as a rapid, accurate, and accessible platform for HIV VL monitoring, particularly in low-resource environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100827"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emphasis on sensitivity and accuracy: Design and optimization of a high-sensitivity terahertz photonic crystal fiber sensor for precision analysis of petrochemical-based adulterants in hydrocarbon mixtures","authors":"Shuvo Sen ,&nbsp;Mohammad Abdullah-Al-Shafi","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an innovative octagonal cladding with hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor designed for the identification of kerosene adulteration within the terahertz (THz) spectral domain. The sensor's performance is rigorously assessed through simulations conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics, a high-fidelity platform based on the finite element method (FEM) for analyzing complex electromagnetic behaviors within the fiber structure. The sensor's performance was estimated throughout numerical simulations across frequencies varying from 1.0 to 3 THz. Simulation results demonstrate that the optimized design achieves an outstanding relative sensitivity of 97.20% at a target frequency of 2.2 THz, markedly surpassing the capabilities of existing sensing technologies. Moreover, the sensor exhibits extremely low confinement loss, measured at 6.08 × 10⁻⁸ dB/m, along with a minimal effective material loss of 0.00654 cm⁻¹. These characteristics enable the precise detection of minute refractive index differences associated with the unique chemical profiles of various petroleum-based fuels. The high sensitivity and low-loss performance of the proposed sensor support non-invasive and non-destructive testing, ensuring that the samples remain unaltered during analysis. The exceptional sensitivity and accuracy of the proposed sensing system position it as a highly effective solution for detecting kerosene adulteration, thereby safeguarding the quality of petroleum-based fuels for end users. Furthermore, advanced fabrication methods such as extrusion and additive manufacturing may be utilized to produce the photonic crystal fiber-based sensor with enhanced structural precision and scalability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100823"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel smartphone-based nanozyme-enhanced electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive direct detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk and blood serum","authors":"Sumeyra Savas ,&nbsp;Yalın Kılıç ,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi ,&nbsp;Zeynep Altintas","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A graphene quantum dot (GQD)-based nanozyme-enhanced electrochemical sensor was developed for the ultra-sensitive and rapid <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> detection in PBS, undiluted milk, and blood serum. The <em>S. aureus</em> concentration for immunosensor calibration was electrochemically determined to be 1.24× 10⁹ CFU mL⁻¹ (R² = 0.99), utilizing an innovative smartphone-based electrochemical device. Transmission electron (TEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopy analyses of GQDs revealed uniform nanoparticles (8–10 nm) with surface heights of 2 nm and 21 nm at different scan areas. Fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed an emission at 530 nm with an excitation wavelength of 485 nm, along with the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and aromatic groups on the GQD surfaces. The maximum current peak for GQDs was obtained by optimizing electrochemical properties through amperometry at +0.9 V. The optimal signal intensity- and limit of detection (LOD)-based GQD concentrations were 0.0125, 0.5, and 1 mg mL⁻¹ for PBS, undiluted milk, and blood serum, respectively. The optimal antibody concentration for <em>S. aureus</em> detection was 25 μg mL⁻¹, resulting in a 91 % amperometric suppression and a 94 % fluorescence quenching. The developed biosensor effectively detected <em>S. aureus</em>, with <strong>calculated LODs</strong> of 1, 4, and 344 CFU mL⁻¹ in PBS, undiluted milk, and blood serum, respectively. TEM, AFM, and contact angle analyses confirmed <em>S. aureus</em> binding to the GQD-antibody bioconjugate, shifting surface height to 35 nm and contact angle from ~30° to ~65°. The immunosensor showed high specificity for <em>S. aureus</em> with minimal cross-reactivity to <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, <em>Enterococcus faecium, and Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100822"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold and titanium dioxide enhanced PCF SPR biosensor for early breast cancer detection in near infrared spectrum","authors":"Md. Faruk Jamil,&nbsp;Md. Bashir Uddin,&nbsp;Md. Jubaer Rahman Tayef","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer is a major public health concern, with early detection significantly increasing the survival rate. This study focuses on the development of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for detecting breast cancer cells, specifically MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. The proposed circular shaped biosensor is coated with gold (Au) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), where an Au layer is inserted over the fused SiO₂. TiO₂ is used as an adhesion layer which is covered by an analyte layer. There is a perfectly matched layer (PML) for absorbing scattered light from the internal structure. Using COMSOL Multiphysics, the biosensor's geometrical design was optimized, and finite element method (FEM) simulations were performed to evaluate its performance. The proposed biosensor operates within the refractive index (RI) range of 1.385 to 1.401, targeting breast cancer cell detection. Key performance metrics such as wavelength sensitivity (WS), amplitude sensitivity (AS), sensor resolution (SR), and figure of merit (FOM) were assessed. The proposed biosensor demonstrated the highest WS for MCF-7 of 29,285.17 nm/RIU in x polarization and 25,000 nm/RIU in y polarization. Similarly, the highest AS of 2136 <span><math><msup><mi>RIU</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> in x polarization and 2975 <span><math><msup><mi>RIU</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> in y polarization was achieved for MCF-7. The proposed biosensor showed exceptional FOM of 127.89 <span><math><msup><mi>RIU</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> for MCF-7 in x polarization and 73.26 <span><math><msup><mi>RIU</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> for MDA-MB-231 in y polarization. The proposed biosensor outperformed the existing literature. This biosensor offers significant potential for early stage breast cancer detection, contributing to more accurate and timely diagnoses, ultimately aiding in better treatment outcomes and patient survival.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100821"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication composite of copper sulfide nanoparticles/multiwall carbon nanotubes stabilized by chitosan modified screen-printed carbon electrode: Sensitive analysis of the paraoxon ethyl","authors":"Itsarapong Chuasontia ,&nbsp;Benchamaporn Tangnorawich ,&nbsp;Orapan Pechtes ,&nbsp;Natthapon Nakpathomkun ,&nbsp;Chiravoot Pechyen ,&nbsp;Yardnapar Parcharoen","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A nanocomposite ink-based pesticide sensor has been developed to detect a paraoxon ethyl pesticide using enzyme-less electrochemical processes. Paraoxon ethyl contamination on agricultural produce, e.g., grains, vegetables, and fruit, has adverse health effects on humans. Nanocomposite ink was synthesized using copper sulfide nanoparticles composited with multiwall carbon nanotube and using chitosan as a binder to modify the screen print carbon electrode for the paraoxon ethyl sensor. The performance of the proposed imprinted working electrode Nanocomposite ink was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, electrical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The nanocomposite (1:1:1) modified electrode illustrated good electrochemical performance, high active surface area (2.15 cm²), low charge transfer resistance (355.59 Ω), and excellent electro-catalytic activity. This sensor is rapid and highly sensitive for small amounts of paraoxon ethyl pesticide detection in the 0.001–0.1 mM range. The DPV techniques demonstrated two linear reactions ranging between 0.001 and 0.02 mM (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.981) and 0.025 to 0.1 mM (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.935) with a limit of detection of 0.0018 mM and a limit of quantitation of 0.005 mM, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100819"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain cell activity detection using optical grating-based surface plasmonic resonance sensor","authors":"Masoumeh Taghilou ,&nbsp;Vahid Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical neural recordings are label-free and non-toxic as compared to the other methods. We introduce a compact and reliable membrane activity detection sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and optical grating. We utilized a fiber optic port to direct light to the optical grating, allowing us to avoid bulky optical setups. Commercial DVD serves as the optical grating, which is both cost-effective and of high quality. In this sensor, we place mouse hippocampal tissue on the Au-sputtered gratings, and by measuring the reflectance spectrum, we investigate the SPR wavelength shift. The introduction of a high-K⁺ aCSF solution allows us to easily observe the effect of cell depolarization on the SPR wavelength can easily be observed. The proposed sensor achieves a high sensitivity of 628.06 nm/RIU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100813"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical breath profiling for early thoracic malignancy screening","authors":"Anirban Paul ,&nbsp;Kordel France ,&nbsp;Avi Bhatia ,&nbsp;Muhanned Abu-Hijleh ,&nbsp;Ovidiu Daescu ,&nbsp;Ruby Thapa ,&nbsp;Rhoda Annoh Gordon ,&nbsp;Shalini Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death globally and affects millions of lives across the globe. Early detection of lung cancer significantly improves survival rates. Screening with low-dose CT scans for high-risk individuals can lead to earlier diagnosis and better treatment outcomes. Breathomics is the systematic analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath to diagnose diseases and monitor health conditions. This research presents a novel electrochemical biosensor that detects eight VOCs in breath using room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) technology. The device was tested with 67 patient samples, including 30 with confirmed intrathoracic malignancies. Using lightweight deep neural networks optimized for edge devices, the system effectively distinguished between positive and negative cases. The results were validated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. As lung cancer significantly impacts public health, this work represents an important step toward developing affordable, quick, and non-invasive breath analysis for cancer screening. While further clinical validation is needed, this research aims to advance the field of breathomics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100815"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green-synthesized flower-shaped silver nanoparticles as a colorimetric biosensor for protein quantification in preterm breast milk","authors":"Chonlapat Panthong ,&nbsp;Chiravoot Pechyen ,&nbsp;Benchamaporn Tangnorawich ,&nbsp;Natthapon Nakpathomkun ,&nbsp;Sudathip Kositamongkol","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study utilized a biosensor developed through green synthesis employing flower-shaped starch-based nanostructures for the detection of protein in breast milk. The objectives included the green synthesis of flower-shaped nanoparticles using a colorimetric sensor approach to quantify the protein levels in breast milk. Cornstarch was used as a reducing agent to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The nanoparticles were characterized using several analytical techniques, including UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Raman Spectroscopy. The colorimetric detection involved observing the interactions between AgNPs and proteins under UV light stimulation at a wavelength of 280 nm. The reaction produced a visible color change, ranging from blue to purple, depending on the protein concentration. This method enabled the detection of protein levels in breast milk within the range of 3.4–21.77 g/L, demonstrating a high correlation value of 0.9847. This research highlights the potential of utilizing corn starch in green nanoparticle synthesis and emphasizes the application of AgNPs in developing sensitive biosensing platforms for breast milk protein detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100820"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative polymer-based electrochemical platform for detecting ESAT-6 in human blood for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis","authors":"Xiu-An Ye ,&nbsp;Shu-Hong Lin ,&nbsp;Liang-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Jie-Ren Li ,&nbsp;Hsiang-Wei Chiu ,&nbsp;Sheng-Wei Pan ,&nbsp;Jia-Yih Feng ,&nbsp;Shyh-Chyang Luo ,&nbsp;Mei-Lin Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), caused by <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (Mtb), necessitates early diagnosis for effective patient care. Despite advancements in TB diagnostics, there remains an urgent need to discover innovative non-sputum-based methods to detect Mtb-specific antigens for TB patient identification. We have developed a polymer-based electrochemical biosensor for detecting an Mtb-specific antigen, the 6-kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6), in blood. Using a gold electrode (Au), the biosensor is created by electropolymerizing poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) with carboxyl groups (PEDOT-COOH), which is activated with 3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC-NHS), conjugated with an ESAT-6 polyclonal antibody (Ab), treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to block non-specific binding, forming BSA/Ab-EDC-NHS/PEDOT-COOH/Au. Using differential pulse voltammetry measurements, the electrode demonstrated an excellent linear response (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.99) for ESAT-6 detection across a concentration range of 24.2 pM (0.81 ng/mL) to 50 nM (1.69 μg/mL), with a low detection limit of 1.39 pM (0.047 ng/mL) and a rapid detection time of under 4 min. This biosensor for ESAT-6 detection effectively distinguished pulmonary TB patients from healthy individuals, achieving 95.0 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity at a cut-off value of 97.0 ng/mL. It demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy of 97.1 %, outperforming the 82.9 % achieved by a commercial ELISA kit. Moreover, biosensor-detected ESAT-6 levels were significantly higher in smear-positive TB patients compared to the smear-negative group (<em>p</em> = 0.014), whereas ELISA-based detection showed no significant difference (<em>p</em> = 0.197). In conclusion, the PEDOT-COOH biosensor enables rapid and effective detection of plasma ESAT-6, facilitates TB diagnosis, and correlates with Mtb bacterial burden, highlighting its potential for disease monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100816"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}