Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research最新文献

{"title":"ProbioticChip: A novel DNA microarray for accurate and efficient subspecies-level identification of probiotics","authors":"Yao-Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Fei-Fei Liu ,&nbsp;Jiang Chen ,&nbsp;Tao Jin ,&nbsp;Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;Wen-Sheng Shu ,&nbsp;Shuang-Jiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects and efficacy of probiotics on the host depend on precise bacterial composition, making accurate taxonomic identification important for product quality control. Conventional approaches, including polyphasic methods (phenotype and chemotaxonomy) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, are often limited in resolution, throughput, or quantitative accuracy. To address these limitations, we developed ProbioticChip, a DNA microarray comprising 13,318 probes targeting 37 commonly used probiotic taxa at the species and subspecies levels. Validation using 16 mock probiotic communities comprising 67 strains demonstrated that ProbioticChip can sensitively detect target taxa with high specificity. Quantitative evaluation further revealed a strong linear relationship between total probe fluorescence intensity and DNA input (R² &gt; 0.90 across the range of 0.05–10 ng), indicating its sensitivity and potential utility for quantitative analysis. We further applied ProbioticChip to five commercial probiotic products, achieving species- and subspecies-level identification with preliminary quantitative estimates within three days. Together, these results indicate that ProbioticChip represents a rapid and high-throughput platform for compositional analysis of probiotic products, and may support applications in quality assessment and regulatory monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100958"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical sensor based on NiCoCu-LTH and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the selective detection of Crizotinib anticancer drug","authors":"Mahmoud Roushani,&nbsp;Zahra Mirzaei Karazan,&nbsp;Mohammad Alauldeen Yahya","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of selective and cheap electrochemical sensor for drug detection is of great importance. Herein, a sensor was introduced based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with NiCoCu-layered triple hydroxide (LTH)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite for the electrochemical detection of Crizotinib (CZT). CZT is an anticancer drug proved to treatment of the lung cancer. The proposed sensor illustrated excellent electrocatalytic properties toward CZT. Enhancing the catalytic cavities via designing the morphology of nanostructures and tuning the electronic structure through heteroatom doping are the best strategies to increment electrocatalytic performance. In this study, porous NiCoCu-LTH was synthesized via a rapid and simple method and then for the electrochemical investigations, the GCE surface was modified with it. Electrochemical data were recorded through cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under optimum condition, there is a linear response between current intensity and CZT concentration from 0.001 to 1500 nM with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0003 nM. The modified GCE displayed acceptable selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Finally, the sensor was successfully employed to detect CZT in actual sample. Besides, the performance of the proposed sensor was compared with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a standard method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100960"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BiFeO3 perovskite/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite as a novel modifier for electrochemical detection of dopamine in real samples","authors":"Masoumeh Ranjbarzadhag ,&nbsp;Biuck Habibi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Rashidi ,&nbsp;Balal Khalilzadeh ,&nbsp;Abdolali Alami","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dopamine (DA) is a fundamental catecholamine neurotransmitter and fluctuating its concentration level in human body may leads to neurodegeneration. Therefore, it is important to assess the DA levels in human biological fluids. This project studied the preparation of a novel nanocomposite containing BiFeO₃ perovskite nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by hydrothermal methodology and its application as a modifier for the fabrication of modified glassy carbon electrode; BiFeO₃-rGO/GCE, toward the detection of DA in real samples. The physicochemical characterizations of prepared materials and modified electrode were examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, and electrochemical methods. The electrochemical investigations indicated that the BiFeO₃-rGO greatly improved the electrocatalytic activity of modified electrode toward the DA oxidation, thereby improving sensing performance. The BiFeO₃-rGO/GCE was used as a sensor for detection of DA by differential pulse voltammetry. The developed sensor in the optimum conditions showed two dynamic linear ranges of 1–100 μM and 100–1000 μM with limits of detection as 0.35 μM. The sensor also exhibited high selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility and stability. Finally, the prepared sensor was utilized for electrochemical detection of DA in real samples with acceptable results (average recovery&gt;97%) and compared with the commercial immunosorbent test (ELISA).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100978"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive photonic and microfluidic chip packaging via 3D alignment structures","authors":"Rouven H. Klenk ,&nbsp;Syeda Rameen ,&nbsp;Christian Schweikert ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Vogel ,&nbsp;Markus Greul ,&nbsp;Mathias Kaschel ,&nbsp;Manfred Berroth ,&nbsp;Georg Rademacher ,&nbsp;Michael Heymann","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combining photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with microfluidic devices offers new possibilities for optofluidic lab-on-a-chip applications. Their accurate assembly and packaging, particularly with precise alignment, remain challenging. This work presents a versatile optofluidic integration of photonic and microfluidic chips, designed for seamless implementation in diverse laboratory environments. A 3D-printed holder for stable, cost-effective, and convenient fiber-to-chip bonding is used to configure optical in- and outputs. It can be readily adapted to accommodate various grating coupler designs. The microfluidic chip side is fabricated via soft-lithography in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and positioned onto the photonic chip via cone-shaped alignment guides that were printed directly onto it. For this, the conventional PDMS plasma bonding process was adapted for passive self-alignment with the PIC chip between the 100 μm-wide microfluidic channel and two grating couplers, each measuring 15 μm in length and 50 μm in width. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we detect the fluorescence of a fluorescein solution inside the microfluidic channels by delivering excitation and emission light through dedicated grating couplers. This configuration can address multiple sampling points along an optofluidic system to multiplex assays in a way that would be challenging to realize with conventional optical fibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of cyclohexane and xylene with insect odorant-binding protein-derived peptide receptors","authors":"Tomasz Wasilewski ,&nbsp;Damian Neubauer ,&nbsp;Nathália F. Brito ,&nbsp;Ana Claudia A. Melo ,&nbsp;Bartosz Szulczyński ,&nbsp;Rafał Kiejzik ,&nbsp;Marek Wojciechowski ,&nbsp;Jacek Gębicki ,&nbsp;Wojciech Kamysz","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with metabolic and pathological processes offers a promising route toward non-invasive disease diagnostics. Cyclohexane and xylene, classified as lung cancer biomarkers, lack selective bioreceptors for sensitive and selective detection. This article explores the potential of peptides derived from odorant-binding protein (OBP) of <em>Aedes aegypti</em> for the detection of cyclohexane and xylene, hydrocarbons relevant to breath analysis and environmental monitoring. Specifically, the modPep_17 sensor showed selective affinity to xylene with an LOD of 52.6 ppm, while modPep_25 was most responsive to cyclohexane with an LOD of 86.5 ppm, with concentration-dependent responses and approximately linear behavior within the three tested concentration levels. The novelty of this work lies in the use of insect-derived peptide sequences as recognition layers for the selective binding of chosen VOCs, a chemical group rarely addressed by biological receptors. This work explores insect-derived peptide sequences for VOCs sensing applications, providing a foundation for bioelectronic nose arrays targeting biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100976"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) force myography sensor output with elbow joint torque","authors":"Michael C. Kohler ,&nbsp;Alex Rothstein ,&nbsp;Eric Greenberg ,&nbsp;Ioana Voiculescu ,&nbsp;Nikhil Tiwale ,&nbsp;Fang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate assessment of skeletal muscle forces and net joint torque is essential for preventing fatigue-related injuries, optimizing physical training, and monitoring disease progression in neuromuscular conditions. However, existing joint torque evaluation techniques are hindered by limited portability and high operational costs, confining their use to controlled laboratory or clinical settings. Despite substantial advances in wearable joint torque estimation systems, ongoing challenges such as power constraints, bulky wired setups, and susceptibility to environmental or motion artifacts underscore the urgent need for truly batteryless, wireless solutions deployable in real-world settings. This paper proposes a novel surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based force myography (FMG) system for noninvasive measurement of joint torque, validated against a gold-standard electromechanical dynamometer. The approach uses a single SAW sensor embedded in an armband to detect volumetric biceps brachii changes, with a second-order polynomial mapping sensor output and elbow angle to torque. Seven participants were tested in both isometric (15°–90°) and isokinetic (10°/s and 20°/s) supinated elbow flexion tasks. Under isometric conditions, subject-specific calibration achieved a normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) of <span><math><mrow><mn>13</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn><mtext>%</mtext><mo>±</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>834</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>180</mn></mrow></math></span>, while a group-level model yielded <span><math><mrow><mn>14</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>4</mn><mtext>%</mtext><mo>±</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>808</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>208</mn></mrow></math></span>, respectively. For isokinetic trials, the group model produced an NRMSE of <span><math><mrow><mn>24</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn><mtext>%</mtext><mo>±</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> at 10°/s and <span><math><mrow><mn>24</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn><mtext>%</mtext><mo>±</mo><mn>08</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> at 20°/s, highlighting the feasibility of using a single-sensor SAW-FMG setup across different speeds. Because SAW devices support wireless, battery-free operation, the proposed system offers a pathway to portable, real-time monitoring for sports medicine, rehabilitation, and clinical diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unified computational framework for high-sensitivity MTJ magnetometry: Integrating sub-poissonian shot noise, thermal drift, and array scaling","authors":"Nader Ghobadi ,&nbsp;Reza Daqiq ,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Hosseini Moradi","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) are promising weak magnetic field sensors, yet designing optimal device configurations requires accurate electromagnetic and thermal modeling. This work presents a quasi-static electrical-thermal simulation for MTJ sensors, integrating magnetotransport models, sub-Poissonian shot noise, and Bloch-law TMR degradation. The framework characterizes single devices, 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 parallel arrays, and 4-series configurations. For single devices, the simulation predicts a detectivity floor of 64.1 pT/<span><math><msqrt><mi>Hz</mi></msqrt></math></span>. Parallel 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 arrays achieve 32.05 pT/<span><math><msqrt><mi>Hz</mi></msqrt></math></span> and 16.02 pT/<span><math><msqrt><mi>Hz</mi></msqrt></math></span> respectively, validating theoretical <span><math><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msqrt><mi>N</mi></msqrt></math></span> uncorrelated noise scaling under ideal conditions. Temperature analysis reveals that while sensitivity degrades according to magnon excitation models, offset drift—driven by magnetic layer asymmetry—constitutes the primary accuracy limitation for DC applications, necessitating active compensation. This framework provides a critical computational baseline for system-level trade-off analysis, bridging the gap between isolated device physics and the design of optimized sensor arrays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100973"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly sensitive detection of cancer cells using a voltage-tuned terahertz chemical microscope","authors":"Xue Ding ,&nbsp;Yuto Ohmi ,&nbsp;Jin Wang ,&nbsp;Hirofumi Inoue ,&nbsp;Toshihiko Kiwa","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Terahertz chemical microscopy (TCM) is a promising label-free technique for detecting biochemical interactions by monitoring changes in terahertz (THz) wave emission from semiconductor sensing plates. However, quantitative biological detection has been hindered by large plate-to-plate variations originating from uncontrolled depletion-layer electric fields formed during fabrication. These variations shift the response curve of THz amplitude and reduce reproducibility and sensitivity. Here, we introduce a voltage-tuned sensing plate that allows direct control of the depletion-layer electric field by applying a bias voltage to the Si layer of the sensing plate. This enables deliberate adjustment of surface potential and alignment of the THz response curve to the region of highest gain. Using lung adenocarcinoma cells (PC9) captured via AE1/AE3 antibodies targeting specific cell-surface antigens, we demonstrate that voltage tuning enhances detection sensitivity by up to 50-fold and restores linearity between THz amplitude and the logarithm of cell concentration, even in plates with negligible response at 0 V. These findings establish voltage control as a simple, universally applicable strategy to stabilize TCM performance, reduce fabrication-induced variability, and improve analytical sensitivity for biosensing and materials-analysis applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100972"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on MXene nanostructures for biosensing, imaging, and therapeutic systems","authors":"Ali Mohammad Amani ,&nbsp;Ehsan Vafa ,&nbsp;Maryam Mirzae ,&nbsp;Milad Abbasi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Vaez ,&nbsp;Atena Najdian ,&nbsp;Alireza Jahanbin ,&nbsp;Seyed Reza Kasaei ,&nbsp;Sareh Mosleh-Shirazi ,&nbsp;Hesam Kamyab ,&nbsp;Tayebeh Khademi ,&nbsp;Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan ,&nbsp;Saravanan Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because of their exceptional electrical, mechanical, dimensional, chemical, and magnetic characteristics, MXenes have attracted an abundance of interest in scholarly study lately. According to recent developments and discoveries, MXene, a multilayered compound with a two-dimensional (2D) framework, has a lot greater promise for use in bioengineering and medical research than other nanosystems. These uses encompass medical procedures, administering medications, biosensor technologies, incorporation, antimicrobial agents, and biological imaging. MXenes are very attractive prospects for therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic use because of their distinctive features, which include their substantial conductivity to electricity, magnetic luminescence, wide extent of coverage, excellent biocompatibility, and low toxicological profile. Modifications to the MXene surfaces are biocompatible and serve a variety of purposes, such as directing ligands to certain locations for preferred aggregation, which makes them suitable for use in particular applications. A description of the properties, changes, and synthesis techniques of MXene nanostructures is presented in this work. The practical applications of MXene-derived nanostructures in biomedical fields are also thoroughly evaluated in this study, with an emphasis on implants, biosensing, biological imaging, antibacterial activities, and versatile therapeutic systems. The potential opportunities and difficulties related to the use of MXenes throughout the field of biological medicine are also covered in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100912"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation plasmonic biosensor based on metal-insulator-metal waveguide for label-free and non-invasive detection of prostate-specific antigen","authors":"Asghar Molaei-Yeznabad ,&nbsp;Hamid Bahador ,&nbsp;Ghazal Abdi ,&nbsp;Azadeh Nilghaz","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a high-performance metal–insulator–metal plasmonic biosensor is presented and numerically investigated for label-free detection of prostate-specific antigen, which is an important biomarker for early-stage prostate cancer diagnosis. The device architecture utilizes a coupled semi-rectangular resonator side-coupled with the waveguide, in order to achieve a strong waveguide–cavity interaction. This structural configuration enables enhanced confinement of surface plasmon polaritons, and thereby improves light–matter interaction. The finite element method solution in commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics was used to do numerical simulations, where the structural parameters were optimized to maximize sensitivity, spectral sharpness, and achieve a narrower transmittance spectrum. After optimization, the designed sensor was systematically examined for its performance in prostate-specific antigen detection. The proposed sensor achieves a sensitivity of 1872.3 nm/RIU, a narrow full width at half maximum of 24 nm, a figure of merit of 76.6 RIU⁻¹, a Q-factor of 60.3, and a limit of detection of 0.0108 RIU. Furthermore, the simple geometry and compatibility with scalable nanofabrication techniques emphasize its potential application in real-time, portable, and point-of-care cancer diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100937"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}