Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research最新文献

{"title":"MXenes in biosensing: Enhancing sensitivity and flexibility – A review of properties, applications, and future directions","authors":"Ali Mohammad Amani ,&nbsp;Lobat Tayebi ,&nbsp;Ehsan Vafa ,&nbsp;Alireza Jahanbin ,&nbsp;Milad Abbasi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Vaez ,&nbsp;Hesam Kamyab ,&nbsp;Lalitha Gnanasekaran ,&nbsp;Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MXenes are a novel type of nanostructured material that has received a lot of attention for their potential applications in bioanalysis owing to their unique features. These materials, made from transition metal nitrides, carbides, or carbonitrides, have a number of advantages, including high hydrophilicity, a large surface area, strong metallic conductivity, superior ion transport capabilities, biocompatibility, and low diffusion barriers. Their surfaces are easily manipulated, making them more adaptable for a variety of applications, including biosensing. The outstanding properties of MXenes have attracted researchers of different fields, including renewable energy, fuel cells, supercapacitors, electronics, and catalysis. In the context of biosensing, MXenes are particularly noteworthy because of their layered structure and composition, which render them suitable for both electrochemical and optical biosensors. The high electrical conductivity and multilayered design of MXenes facilitate effective charge transport and the preservation of biological activity when biomolecules are attached to their surfaces. This characteristic positions them as ideal candidates for the creation of sensitive and efficient electrochemical biosensors. Moreover, the inherent flexibility of MXenes allows for the development of sensors compatible with wearable technologies, presenting substantial opportunities for real-time, on-body detection of biomolecules. This review looks at various applications of MXenes in electrochemical and optical biosensing, with a focus on how they help improve sensor performance metrics like sensitivity, stability, and biocompatibility. It also discusses the obstacles and limitations that must be overcome to fully realize MXenes' potential in biosensor technology, such as issues with large-scale manufacturing, surface modification, and long-term stability. The review concludes by discussing future directions and advancements in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple introduced in/on preformed macrocyclic ligands with imidazole groups as new platform linkers in metal-organic frameworks material: Application in electrochemical sensing Losartan","authors":"Moayad Hossaini Sadr,&nbsp;Ali Pashazadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, macrocycle compounds containing nitrogen and oxygen groups were synthesized via template condensation of <em>o</em>-phenylenediamine with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids. In the following stage, to create an appropriate linker for the formation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), the obtained macrocyclic compound was reacted with 4-chloro 2-methylimidazole derivatives in a straightforward reaction. A new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) was formed by the interaction of Co (II) ions with a macrocyclic ligand, specifically the Zeolitic imidazolate framework macrocyclic ligand metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-MLMOFs). The synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized using various physicochemical methods, including melting point determination and elemental analysis techniques such as XRD, NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The results obtained were consistent with the proposed structures. In order to apply the synthetic material, the electrochemical technique was used for investigation of Losartan (LOS) drug sample. Subsequently, the catalytic activity of ZIF-MLMOFs/Nf/GCE was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) for the oxidation of LOS in PBs media. The diffusion coefficient of LOS was found to be (D_LOS =7.94×10⁻⁶ cm² <!-->s⁻¹) and the catalytic rate constant was measured as (k_cat = 1.75×10⁶ cm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹). Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) exhibited a linear response range of 1.99–100 μM with a limit of detection of 0.76 μM. The electrochemical sensor exhibited exceptional selectivity and sensitivity, along with reproducibility and repeatability, which can enhance the application of MOFs in drug electrochemical sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100770"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CQD-based electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive D-dimer detection in thrombosis and COVID-19","authors":"Jillian Gamboa ,&nbsp;Carmen Linares ,&nbsp;Virginia Cebrián ,&nbsp;Hamidreza Enshaei ,&nbsp;Óscar Ahumada ,&nbsp;Francesc Estrany ,&nbsp;Juan Torras","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thrombosis, a leading cause of heart attacks, strokes, and venous thromboembolism (VTE), contributes to 25 % of global deaths. Factors like aging and immobility increase VTE risk. D-dimer (DD), whose elevated levels indicate conditions such as pulmonary embolism and severe COVID-19, is a key biomarker for thrombus detection, predicting higher mortality risks. Traditional DD detection methods are time-consuming and costly. Emerging point-of-care (POCT) biosensors offer faster, cost-effective alternatives, utilizing electrochemical or optical detection and nanostructured films. This study aims to develop a sensitive, label-free electrochemical immunosensor for DD detection using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) functionalized electrodes and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). CQDs enhance electrode sensitivity by improving conductivity and providing anchoring sites for monoclonal antibody (Ab). The biosensor was made by activating a carbon screen printed electrode with KOH, adding amino groups via 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, linking CQDs with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/<em>N</em>-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS), and immobilizing DD Ab on CQD surface. Raman spectroscopy and EIS confirmed successful functionalization and increased resistance with Ab and bovine serum albumin layers. The biosensor effectively detected DD antigens, with a calibration curve ranging from 10 to 1000 ng mL⁻¹ and a low limit of detection of 13.4 ng mL⁻¹. CQDs improved sensitivity, and low Ab concentrations reduced costs. This CQD-based impedance immunosensor offers a practical approach for early thrombosis detection and monitoring diseases like VTE and COVID-19 at the point of care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100726"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Samarium oxide nanoparticle-modified gold electrodes for enhanced Voltammetric sensing of hydrazine and p-Nitrophenol","authors":"Santhy Wyantuti ,&nbsp;Nur Azizah Ferdiana ,&nbsp;Sahlaa Alifah Zahra ,&nbsp;Retna Putri Fauzia ,&nbsp;Irkham ,&nbsp;Husain Akbar Sumeru ,&nbsp;Qi Jia ,&nbsp;Dikdik Kurnia ,&nbsp;Husein H. Bahti","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Samarium oxide (Sm₂O₃), such as electrochemical sensors, is a promising material in various application prospects and industries. Additionally, Sm₂O₃ leverages electron transport capabilities, high electrical conductivity, and thermal stability to develop an effective material in electrode modification for detecting hazardous pollutants. Hydrazine and p-nitrophenol are compounds commonly used in producing insecticides, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and the chemical industry. However, these compounds can become hazardous environmental pollutants and pose serious health risks to humans. Therefore, this research aims to examine the impact of modifying gold electrode (GE) with Sm₂O₃ nanoparticles, characterizing the electrochemical results, and assessing sensor performance through the use of the GE/Sm₂O₃ NP electrode. In this context, the purpose is to detect hydrazine and p-nitrophenol through voltammetry, with analytical parameters including recovery, repeatability, detection limit, quantification limit, and linear range. The results show that the synthesis of Sm₂O₃ nanoparticles and the performance of the sensor and analytical parameters of GE/Sm₂O₃ NP are carried out in detecting hydrazine and p-nitrophenol using the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) method. Furthermore, the significant increase in the current response validates the improvement of GE conductivity as an electron transporter. The sensor performance has been studied, and analytical parameters have been determined. For hydrazine and p-nitrophenol, the values are recovery of 98.74 % and 99.01 %, repeatability of 99.42 % and 98.45 %, limit of detection (LoD) of 0.4684 μM and 0.50332 μM, limit of quantification (LoQ) of 1.4194 μM and 1.5252 μM, and linear concentration range for both analytes from 0.1 μM to 7 μM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100745"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-integrated metal-organic frameworks for biosensing applications: Recent advances and future perspective","authors":"Babak Mikaeeli Kangarshahi ,&nbsp;Anahita Beigi Javazm ,&nbsp;Seyed Morteza Naghib","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous substances characterized by elevated surface areas and adjustable pore dimensions used in diverse applications, including gas storage, catalysis, drug delivery, and sensing. Biosensing is a promising field that aims to identify and quantify biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins with high sensitivity and specificity. Biosensors use a transducer and a biological recognition element to make an output correlated with the level of the target analyte. They have advantages over conventional methods, such as simplicity, rapidity, portability, and low cost. Recently, a new type of biosensor has emerged that integrates MOFs with CRISPR, a powerful gene editing tool. Biosensing can utilize CRISPR-Cas systems, as the cleavage of target DNA or RNA by Cas proteins generates detectable signals. MOFs can be used to hold, protect, and release CRISPR-Cas parts; improve signal transduction and amplification; and provide a wide range of functions and tunability for CRISPR-based biosensors by incorporating various metal nodes, organic linkers, pore sizes, and surface modifications. This review discusses recent advancements and challenges in MOF-CRISPR biosensor development, focusing on design principles, sensing mechanisms, and performance. It explores potential applications in biomedical and environmental fields like disease diagnosis, gene therapy, and pollutant monitoring and offers future directions for improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100736"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIPs) for highly selective alcohol sensors","authors":"Wulan Khaerani ,&nbsp;Abdullahi Umar Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Uji Pratomo ,&nbsp;Souvia Rahimah ,&nbsp;Irkham ,&nbsp;Yeni Wahyuni Hartati","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly selective alcohol detection systems are being developed for use in the food, pharmaceutical and clinical industries, as well as for rapidly growing alcohol fuel sector. Several methods, including chromatography, refractometry, and spectroscopy, have been reported for determining alcohol content in various samples. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIPs) is a highly selective polymer with active recognition sites in the form of cavities that can specifically bind to target molecules, including alcohol compounds. The use of MIPs in combination with alcohol targets is advantageous due to their reusability and high selectivity. Most existing studies have primarily focused on the synthesis of MIPs using large, non-volatile molecular templates. Therefore, this review focuses on the synthesis of MIPs using various types of alcohol as templates and their application in alcohol detection. It covers the definition, key components, synthesis approaches, and different methods of MIP synthesis, as well as the detection of alcohol using conventional techniques and the application of MIPs for alcohol detection in various sample types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100729"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated in-toilet hydration sensor for urinalysis on participants during a four-day prolonged walking exercise event: Prototype validation study","authors":"Esther Kho ,&nbsp;Eva C. Wentink ,&nbsp;Vera D.M. Verbiest ,&nbsp;David T. Young ,&nbsp;Maria T.E. Hopman ,&nbsp;Coen C.W.G. Bongers","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underhydration is a common problem in elderly, which can lead to serious health complications if left untreated. However, currently, there is no sufficient, non-obtrusive method to monitor underhydration status automatically. Therefore, a prototype was developed that automatically measures urine concentration during a toilet visit. This study validates this prototype for its capability to repeatedly and accurately measure the urine of 106 participants participating in a 4-day prolonged walking exercise event. The prototype contains 4 sensors that measure the color, conductivity, pH, and temperature of the urine sample while the participant uses the toilet. In total, the prototype analyzed 514 urine samples. In addition, the urine was automatically collected to measure the gold standard for urine concentration, urine specific gravity (USG), and osmolality. With a linear regression classification model and the USG reference, the data collected with the prototype was classified. The measured reference USG values range between 1.0025 and 1.0345. The prototype measurements strongly correlated to the USG reference, with an R-squared of 0.85 and a mean absolute error of 0.00215. As such, this study reports on a method that allows automated, repeated, and accurate urinalysis during a toilet visit. When used daily, this prototype offers potential for the non-obtrusive and time-effective underhydration estimation by monitoring urine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100763"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality assessment of chicken using machine learning and electronic nose","authors":"Hassan Anwar ,&nbsp;Talha Anwar","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meat is highly perishable food and prone to microbial contamination under various storage conditions. Quality assessment at both retail and industrial levels often relies on organoleptic properties, gas chromatography, and total bacterial count, all of which require trained personnel and significant resources. As a result, there is a need for a more efficient and reliable system to determine chicken quality. This study investigates the use of an electronic nose system—a sensor array that detects odors and generates data, which is then analyzed by machine learning algorithms to predict chicken freshness. An electronic nose system was developed using six MQ gas sensors and one humidity temperature sensor. Data was collected from chicken samples over a period of 15 days. To evaluate the performance of the machine learning algorithms, different data splitting approaches were tested to understand their impact on model accuracy. Random Forest achieved 100 % accuracy with randomly split data and 69 % accuracy with non-randomly split data. Support Vector Machine, using the recursive feature elimination technique, attained 78.5 % accuracy without random splitting. The study also reviewed existing literature, highlighting that random data splitting is not suitable for electronic nose data. Overall, the findings suggest that the electronic nose system, combined with appropriate data handling and machine learning techniques, can effectively assess chicken freshness, potentially offering a valuable tool for the poultry industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100739"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-Cas12a based detection of EGFR gene mutation in cell free DNA for early diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)","authors":"Syeda Najidah Shahni ,&nbsp;Sarah Albogami ,&nbsp;Bijay Pattnaik ,&nbsp;Iqbal Azmi ,&nbsp;Syed Mansoor Ali ,&nbsp;Kapil Dev ,&nbsp;Anant Mohan ,&nbsp;Jawed Iqbal ,&nbsp;Amit Sharma ,&nbsp;Tanveer Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detecting EGFR mutations in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is essential for personalizing treatment and real-time monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially when tissue biopsies are not an option. Conventional methods for identifying these mutations in cfDNA are limited and often require extensive laboratory set-up. The CRISPR-Cas system, notably the Cas12a variant used in the DETECTR method, presents a groundbreaking approach for highly sensitive and specific mutation detection in biological fluids, significantly advancing diagnostic capabilities. In this study, we present a novel, rapid, and precise method combining Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) for DNA amplification with a CRISPR-Cas12a fluorescence assay to detect EGFR mutations. This technique achieves attomole-level sensitivity without cross-reactivity, functions near 37°C, and delivers results within an hour, making it highly suitable for clinical applications in precision oncology. To further enhance its utility for point-of-care diagnostics, we integrated Cas12a with lateral flow-based detection, achieving single-copy detection sensitivity. In a clinical trial involving 57 NSCLC patient samples, this method successfully identified EGFR mutations, with results consistent with those obtained via PCR. The CRISPR-Cas12a based lateral flow assay demonstrated exceptional sensitivity and specificity, even detecting dual mutations simultaneously on a single test strip. These results position the CRISPR-Cas12a detection system as a straightforward, highly sensitive alternative to PCR, with significant potential for point-of-care applications in detecting cfDNA mutations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100735"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced sensing strategies for detecting zinc levels and zinc-related biomarkers in cancer pathogenesis","authors":"Daniela Vieira ,&nbsp;Graziele Cruzado ,&nbsp;Edward Harvey ,&nbsp;Geraldine Merle","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc and zinc-containing proteins are highlighted for their significant contributions to various physiological functions, with abnormal levels of these elements being associated with a wide range of diseases, including cancer, despite zinc itself not being considered a biomarker. Combining the detection of zinc and zinc-related biomarkers is an avenue to reliable and cost-effective monitoring. In this context, electrochemical sensing methods offer considerable advantages due to their rapid, simple, and cost-effective detection compared to standard methods. Recent advancements in electrochemical sensors have enhanced sensitivity for detecting low concentrations of zinc-related biomarkers present in early-stage cancer. Furthermore, incorporating carbon, gold, and bismuth nanostructures into sensor recognition elements enhances the capability for rapid, precise, and specific quantification of these biomarkers. This review discusses key zinc-related biomarkers, zinc levels and their roles in cancer development and progression, along with a comprehensive analysis of recent strategies to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of electrochemical sensors for zinc and zinc-related biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100754"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143297521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}