Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research最新文献

{"title":"Factorial design–assisted simultaneous electrochemical sensing of neonicotinoid pesticides using a Ni–rGO-modified electrode","authors":"Lueda Kulla ,&nbsp;Ana Ameda ,&nbsp;Petr Jakubec ,&nbsp;Besnik Baraj ,&nbsp;Alma Shehu ,&nbsp;Sadik Cenolli ,&nbsp;Nevila Broli ,&nbsp;Majlinda Vasjari ,&nbsp;Michal Otyepka","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid (IMI) and thiamethoxam (THMX), together with paraquat (PQ), are widely used agrochemicals that pose significant environmental and food safety risks due to their toxicity and persistence. Simultaneous electrochemical detection of these pesticides remains challenging because of intrinsically overlapping redox signals. Unlike conventional graphene-based electrochemical sensors that rely on peak separation, this work introduces a factorial design–assisted strategy enabling quantitative interpretation of overlapping responses and simultaneous group detection of structurally similar neonicotinoid pesticides. A chemometric-assisted electrochemical sensing approach was developed for rapid, reliable, and on-site analysis using a carbon paste electrode modified with nickel-decorated reduced graphene oxide (Ni–rGO/CPE). To the best of our knowledge, this represents one of the first application of a Ni–rGO composite combined with factorial design to quantitatively evaluate a multi-analyte pesticide system. Carbon paste electrodes served as a low-cost, versatile proof-of-concept platform. The Ni–rGO/CPE exhibited enhanced electron-transfer properties and stable electrochemical performance, confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Differential pulse voltammetry enabled detection with limits of 0.77 ppm for IMI, 1.63 ppm for THMX, and 0.70 ppm for PQ, with linear response ranges of 3–154 ppm (IMI), 4–110 ppm (THMX), and 3–119 ppm (PQ). The sensor demonstrated good reproducibility (RSD = 5.2% for IMI and 5.6% for PQ). Factorial analysis identified THMX as the dominant contributor, while PQ exhibited a suppressive interference effect, enabling quantitative interpretation of mixed-analyte responses. The method was successfully validated in river water and mandarin samples, demonstrating satisfactory accuracy and reproducibility, with recoveries of 88.5–112.6% for IMI and 76.9–108.1% for mixed solutions. This work demonstrates the potential of graphene-based nanocomposites combined with factorial design as a scalable strategy for multi-analyte pesticide detection, with further improvements achievable through integration into printed electrode systems for practical on-site monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100992"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic particle imaging using a multi-axis optically pumped magnetometer and multiple flux transformers","authors":"Teruyoshi Sasayama ,&nbsp;Shuji Taue ,&nbsp;Takashi Yoshida","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely studied for biomedical applications, including magnetic particle imaging (MPI), which is a promising diagnostic technique for cancer imaging. Because MNPs generate weak magnetic fields, highly sensitive magnetic sensors, such as optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), are required. In our previous study, we developed an MPI scanner using an OPM and a flux transformer consisting of input and pickup coils. For rapid and accurate MNP position estimation, it is desirable to measure the magnetic field using an OPM array. OPMs that measure magnetic fields along more than two axes are commercially available. However, OPMs are expensive and difficult to array. Therefore, we propose a method for multipoint measurements using a single OPM and multiple flux transformers. In an experiment, the MNPs were magnetized using an AC magnetic field, and the resulting magnetic signals were detected using two parallel differential-type pickup coils. The detected signals were converted into magnetic fields using orthogonal input coils and measured using a dual-axis OPM. Magnetic images were obtained by scanning a diluted Resovist MNP sample with a motorized stage. The signals from each pickup coil were measured independently and simultaneously, confirming the feasibility of multipoint measurements using a single multi-axis OPM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An active magnetic compensative cardiomagnetic measurement system based on tunneling magnetic sensors","authors":"Guoshuo Peng ,&nbsp;Jialin Shi ,&nbsp;Hanxun Zhang ,&nbsp;Qifeng Jiao ,&nbsp;Zhenhu Jin ,&nbsp;Jiamin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the successful development of an active magnetically compensative magnetocardiogram (MCG) detection system based on tunneling magnetic resistance (TMR) sensors. The active magnetic compensation system compensates for environmental magnetic noise in real-time using a three-axis coil, ultimately reducing the environmental static magnetic field to below 60 pT, with a shielding factor on the order of 10⁶. The system has a bandwidth of 10 kHz, allowing for the suppression of wideband AC magnetic disturbances, and achieves a background noise level on the order of 10 pT. The reliable MCG signals are successfully acquired and processed by a differential TMR sensor arrangement. The experimental results demonstrate that the MCG signals acquired using the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensor exhibit clearly identifiable QRS complexes, T waves, and P waves. These features show strong consistency with those observed in both the simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and the MCG signals obtained using optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs). In conclusion, the results of this experiment demonstrate the viability and efficacy of the MCG detection system based on TMR sensors, establishing a foundation for further research and applications of the cardiac magnetic signal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100975"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and development of isothermal amplification and gene editing technology in cardiovascular diseases","authors":"Jianguang Guo ,&nbsp;Qingsong Wu ,&nbsp;Linfeng Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaofu Dai ,&nbsp;Liangwan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, creating a pressing need for diagnostic approaches that are rapid, sensitive, and accessible, particularly for early detection and point-of-care testing (POCT). Traditional clinical instruments, including biomarker assays and imaging modalities, are still limited by their lack of timeliness and inadequate facilitation of personalized risk assessment. Recently, nucleic acid–based biosensing has emerged as a promising strategy for cardiovascular diagnostics. Isothermal amplification methods, including loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), enable fast and highly sensitive nucleic acid detection under constant-temperature conditions, making them well suited for portable and decentralized testing. In parallel, CRISPR/Cas-based detection systems offer programmable and sequence-specific recognition, and their integration with isothermal amplification has been experimentally shown to substantially enhance the detection of low-abundance cardiovascular nucleic acid biomarkers. Beyond diagnostics, CRISPR technologies are also being applied to mechanistic studies and gene-based therapeutic research. However, fully autonomous diagnostic–therapeutic closed-loop systems remain largely conceptual. This review summarizes current biosensing platforms and discusses their translational potential in cardiovascular precision medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A “turn-on” fluorogenic probe for the rapid and on-site detection of synthetic cathinones, ketamine and scopolamine in water and beverages","authors":"Jordi Roig-Rubio ,&nbsp;Jordi Hernandez-Contreras ,&nbsp;Margarita Parra ,&nbsp;Salvador Gil ,&nbsp;Pau Arroyo ,&nbsp;José A. Sáez ,&nbsp;Pablo Gaviña","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical submission and particularly drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA) constitute a growing global threat to public safety. Psychoactive substances such as synthetic cathinones, ketamine, and scopolamine are frequently employed in these crimes due to their availability and incapacitating effect, which are often enhanced when co-ingested with alcohol. Consequently, there is an urgent demand for rapid, cost-effective, and on-site detection methods that can operate directly in complex matrices like beverages or biological fluids. In this study, a novel fluorogenic sensing system, based on a <em>meso</em>-4-nitrophenyl BODIPY derivative and Cu(II), has been developed. The system functions as a “turn-on” fluorogenic probe, where the target drugs—synthetic cathinones, ketamine, or scopolamine—trigger the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I), leading to an increase of the fluorescence intensity of the BODIPY dye. Mechanistic studies using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and radical scavengers, support a radical pathway, probably involving the formation of nitro radical anion. The probe demonstrated robust performance in water and real beverages, including alcoholic and soft drinks, showing detection limits well below the concentrations required for chemical submission. Notably, rapid visual detection was achieved in beverages in just 15 s using a common lighter as a heating source. Furthermore, the method's applicability was successfully extended to synthetic urine samples, highlighting their potential utility for real-time forensic screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100987"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147419798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensional layered nanomaterials for electrochemical dopamine sensing: Recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives","authors":"Basma Ghrib","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dopamine (DA) is a vital neurotransmitter involved in numerous physiological functions, and its abnormal levels are directly linked to severe neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and depression. The accurate and sensitive detection of dopamine in biological fluids remains a major challenge due to its low concentration and interference from structurally similar biomolecules such as ascorbic acid and uric acid. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterials have emerged as powerful candidates for enhancing the performance of electrochemical dopamine sensors. Their unique properties including high surface area, tunable bandgap, excellent electrocatalytic activity, and easy functionalization enable improved sensitivity, selectivity, and miniaturization of sensing platforms. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the development of 2D nanomaterials such as graphene, MoS₂, WS₂, MXenes, and black phosphorus for electrochemical dopamine sensing. Key parameters such as detection limits, response times, and sensor stability are systematically analyzed. The review also discusses the mechanisms of dopamine oxidation, surface modification strategies, and integration with flexible or wearable systems. Current challenges, including biocompatibility, reproducibility, and multiplexed detection, are critically evaluated. Finally, we highlight future directions for clinical applications and intelligent biosensing platforms using 2D nanomaterials. This work aims to provide researchers with a solid foundation and strategic insights for advancing dopamine sensing technologies based on emerging 2D materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100980"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High sensitivity terahertz metasurface biosensor integrating plasmonic coupling and machine learning for wearable diabetes monitoring","authors":"K. Vijayakumar ,&nbsp;S. Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;Harishchander Anandaram ,&nbsp;K.V. Soumya ,&nbsp;Jonas Muheki","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel terahertz (THz) metasurface biosensor for highly sensitive and non-invasive glucose detection. Comprehensive finite element method (FEM) simulations performed using COMSOL Multiphysics demonstrate exceptional sensing performance, achieving a maximum sensitivity of 2000 GHz/RIU over a refractive index range of 1.335–1.347, corresponding to physiological glucose concentration variations. The proposed sensor exhibits a high figure of merit (FOM) of 44.444 RIU⁻¹, a quality factor (Q) of 6.244 and stable operation within the 0.27–0.31 THz frequency band with a tunability of 50 GHz. The sensing mechanism is driven by strong plasmonic coupling and enhanced electromagnetic field confinement arising from the hybrid integration of graphene, silver and gold resonators. To further validate the robustness of the sensing response, a machine learning–based predictive model is employed, yielding high prediction accuracy with R² values ranging from 84% to 100% across incident angles from 0° to 80°. Compared to conventional invasive glucose monitoring techniques, the proposed label-free optical biosensor offers superior sensitivity, real-time response and improved patient comfort. These results highlight the strong potential of the proposed THz metasurface platform for future wearable glucose monitoring and point-of-care diabetes management systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel electrochemical platform based on ZnO–Fe₃O₄ heterojunction for sensitive tinidazole detection","authors":"M.R. Azizi Aversi ,&nbsp;F. Ahour ,&nbsp;A. Zamani","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an efficient electrochemical sensor for tinidazole (TND) detection was developed using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a ZnO–Fe₃O₄ heterostructured nanocomposite synthesized via a green, biomass-assisted, combined wet impregnation-calcination approach employing walnut shell as a sustainable precursor. The successful formation of a closely integrated ZnO–Fe₃O₄ heterostructure was confirmed by XRD, electron microscopy (FESEM/TEM), EDS, and BET analysis. This architecture, characterized by intimate interfacial contact and increased surface area, synergistically promotes electron transport and maximizes the availability of electroactive sites. Owing to the synergistic interaction between ZnO and Fe₃O₄, the modified electrode exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of TND, operating at a lower overpotential with a markedly amplified current response. Under optimized conditions, the sensor demonstrated a wide linear range from 0.1 to 70 μM, a low detection limit of 12 nM, and a high sensitivity of 1.36 μA μM¹. The sensor also showed good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability. Its practical applicability was validated by the accurate determination of TND in pharmaceutical tablets and water samples, with recoveries ranging from 98.3% to 100.4%. These results highlight the potential of ZnO–Fe₃O₄ heterostructured nanocomposite as an effective modifier for electrochemical sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100966"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid-cladding hexagonal-core photonic crystal fiber: A platform for ultra-sensitive terahertz detection of industrial liquid","authors":"Md. Galib Hasan ,&nbsp;Azizul Haque ,&nbsp;Abdullah Al Mamun ,&nbsp;Md. Jakir Hossen ,&nbsp;A.H.M. Iftekharul Ferdous ,&nbsp;Md. Asaduzzaman Shobug ,&nbsp;Khalid Sifulla Noor","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2026.100959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a hexagonal-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with hybrid rectangular and triangular cladding air holes for extremely sensitive chemical detection in the terahertz regime is proposed and numerically investigated. The finite element technique (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics is used to model the design, guaranteeing precise optical parameter evaluation. At 2.4 THz, the suggested sensor achieves record-high relative sensitivities of 99.98%, 99.88%, and 99.65% for water, ethanol, and benzene, respectively, with ultra-low confinement loss (1.4 × 10⁻¹² dB/m) and effective material loss (0.0012 cm⁻¹). A numerical aperture of 0.259, an effective area of 6.9 × 10⁻² m², and a spot size of 2.37 × 10⁻² μm are further performance characteristics. The novelty lies in the hybrid cladding geometry, where triangular and rectangular air-holes jointly strengthen field confinement, yielding near-unity relative sensitivity (99.34% for benzene). Existing PCF-based THz sensors do not combine multi-shape asymmetry for low-loss propagation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100959"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfluidic Padlock Probe-based Rolling Circle Amplification for sensitive detection of mecA resistance gene in Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Léo Baldenweck ,&nbsp;Catarina Caneira ,&nbsp;Jasmina Vidic","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance and the dissemination of resistance genes remain critical global health challenges, demanding efficient monitoring and detection tools. Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) is a prominent example, posing serious clinical and epidemiological concerns. Here, we developed a sensitive detection platform combining isothermal Padlock Probe-based Rolling Circle Amplification with a bead-based microfluidic biosensor and fluorescent readout for the detection of the <em>mecA</em> gene in <em>S. aureus</em>. The assay design was first validated using a complementary synthetic ssDNA target, then optimized with genomic dsDNA extracted from a laboratory strain. The optimized system was subsequently applied to clinical isolates from sepsis cases and complex matrices simulating natural habitats, including milk, serum, and salad. The biosensor achieved a detection limit of 10⁴ cells with 100 % specificity compared to PCR at an analysis time of two hour. All reaction steps were carried out sequentially within the microfluidic device, highlighting the strong potential of the device for full automation and for extension to additional bacterial genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}