Jurnal Hortikultura最新文献

{"title":"Seleksi Marka SCAR untuk Identifikasi Dini Jenis Kelamin Tanaman Pepaya (The Selection of SCAR Markers for Early Sex Identification of Papaya)","authors":"nFN noflindawati, Aswaldi Anwar, A. Sutanto, nFN Yusniwati","doi":"10.21082/jhort.v30n1.2020.p1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v30n1.2020.p1-8","url":null,"abstract":"Identifikasi dini terhadap jenis kelamin tanaman pepaya merupakan hal penting yang dapat membantu petani dalam budidaya tanaman pepaya. Identifikasi kelamin pepaya berdasarkan marka morfologi dan fisiologi telah dilakukan, namun beberapa hasilnya masih bias karena faktor lingkungan. Identifikasi kelamin tanaman pepaya menggunakan marka molekuler bisa lebih cepat dan akurat. Penelitian tersebut telah banyak dilakukan, salah satu di antaranya adalah marka berbasis sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) dan beberapa primer SCAR telah dihasilkan untuk identifikasi kelamin pepaya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menyeleksi primer SCAR yang efektif dalam mengidentifikasi seks tanaman pepaya. Penelitian  dilakukan pada bulan November 2018 sampai Juni 2019 di Laboratorium Molekuler dan Uji Mutu Kebun Percobaan Sumani Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika di Solok. Primer SCAR yang diseleksi adalah W11,T12, PKBT5, Napf2, dan SDp. Tanaman referensi sebagai sampel umur 11–12 bulan  adalah tanaman betina, jantan, dan  hermaprodit masing-masing lima tanaman dari pepaya lokal dan Merah Delima. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lima primer SCAR yang diuji  hanya dapat membedakan tanaman betina dengan tanaman jantan dan hermaprodit tetapi belum dapat membedakan antara tanaman jantan dengan hermaprodit. Konsistensi pola amplifikasi dihasilkan dari primer SCAR W11, Napf2, dan T12 dengan posisi 800 bp. Primer SCAR W11, Napf2, dan T12 selanjutnya dapat digunakan sebagai marka untuk identifikasi kelamin tanaman betina dengan tanaman jantan dan hermaprodit.KeywordsSCAR; Identifikasi; Pepaya; Jantan, Hermaprodit AbstractThe determination of sex expression of papaya plants is important to farmers in its cultivation. The identification of papaya plant sex based on morphological and physiological characters have been previously carried out, however, the results were still biased due to environmental factors. Many studies have been carried out to identify this plant sex, such as the use of molecular and SCAR markers, based on sequence characterization on amplified regions. This research aims to select the SCAR primers that are effective in identifying papaya plant sex. The study was conducted from November 2018 to June 2019, at Laboratory of Molecular and Quality Testing of the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute in Solok. The selected SCAR primers were W11, T12, PKBT5, Napf2, and SDp, using a total of five female, male, and hermaphrodite plants are reference aged 11–12 month from local papaya and cv. Merah Delima. The five SCAR primers tested were only able to differentiate females from male and hermaphrodite plants. The consistency of the amplification pattern was obtained from the SCAR W11, T12, and Napf2 primers at 800 bp. In conclusion, SCAR W11, Napf2, and T12 primers are used as markers to distinguish female plants from male and hermaphrodite.","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128278534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Berbagai Campuran Media yang Diperkaya Mikoriza Terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Petai (The Effect of Several Media Mixtures Enriched by Mycorrhiza for Stink Bean Seedlings Growth)","authors":"Deni Emilda, Nindi Indriyani, nFN Muryati, nFN Sunyoto","doi":"10.21082/JHORT.V29N2.2019.P169-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/JHORT.V29N2.2019.P169-180","url":null,"abstract":"Media tanam mempunyai peran penting dalam menghasilkan benih petai bermutu. Namun, informasi mengenai media tanam yang dapat memacu pertumbuhan benih dan menghambat serangan penyakit tular tanah pada tanaman petai belum banyak tersedia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh satu komposisi media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan benih petai. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2017 – April 2018 di Kebun Percobaan Sumani Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok, Sumatra Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan 10 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, setiap unit perlakuan terdiri atas 30 tanaman. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah 10 komposisi media yang terdiri atas kombinasi dua atau tiga bahan yang terdiri atas tanah, pupuk kandang, kompos, dan arang sekam serta penambahan agens hayati mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan benih petai sampai 6 bulan setelah transplanting adalah tanah: pupuk kandang = 1 : 1 (v/v) di mana menghasilkan bobot kering tanaman sebesar 24,47 g sementara media yang sama dengan penambahan mikoriza menghasilkan bobot kering tanaman lebih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 29,94 g, namun tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan media tanpa penambahan mikoriza. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pemilihan media untuk perbenihan petai.KeywordsCampuran media; Mikoriza; Pertumbuhan; PetaiAbstractPlanting media used has an important role in producing quality stink bean seedling. However, information about planting media that can enhance seedling growth and inhibit infectious soilborne diseases on stink bean plants is not yet available. The purposes of this study were to obtain the best media compositions for the growth of stink bean seedlings. The research was conducted in September 2017 – April 2018 at Sumani Experimental Station of Balitbu Tropika, Solok, West Sumatra. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 10 treatments and three replications in which each treatment unit consisted of 30 plants. The treatments used were 10 media compositions consisting of a combination of two or three materials comprising soil, manure, compost, and rice husk charcoal and the addition of mycorrhizal biological agent. The results showed that the best medium for stink bean seedling growth up to 6 months after transplanting was soil: manure = 1 : 1 (v/v) which produced total plant dry weight 24.47 g whereas the same media with addition of mycorrhiza produced higher total dry weight 29.94 g, however this result did not show significantly different with treatment without mycorrhiza. This result can be used for media selection of stink bean seedlings.","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125897059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kajian Jumlah Populasi dan Varietas Terhadap Produksi dan Keuntungan Usahatani Bawang Merah di Sumatra Utara (Assessment of Population and Varieties Toward Production and Revenue of Shallot Farming in North Sumatra)","authors":"Sortha Simatupang","doi":"10.21082/JHORT.V29N2.2019.P219-230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/JHORT.V29N2.2019.P219-230","url":null,"abstract":"Produktivitas bawang merah di Sumatra Utara saat ini lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan produktivitas nasional. Terkait hal tersebut, perlu peningkatan produksi melalui perbaikan teknik budidaya bawang merah. Perbaikan teknik budidaya diawali dengan melakukan pemillihan varietas yang adaptif pada tingkat populasi tinggi di antaranya, yaitu Maja, Bima Brebes dan Mentes. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui teknologi peningkatan produksi dan keuntungan usaha tani bawang merah di Sumatra Utara. Lokasi kegiatan dilaksanakan pada lahan petani dengan ketinggian tempat 1.340 m dpl., yang terletak di Desa Pancur Batu, Kecamatan Merek, Kabupaten Karo, Sumatra Utara pada musim kemarau, bulan Mei hingga Juli 2017. Penelitian ini merupakan super impose dari kegiatan pendampingan pengembangan kawasan Hortikultura di Sumatra Utara. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah. Petak utama adalah populasi dan anak petak, yaitu varietas. Perlakuan populasi, yaitu: (a) 175.000 (umum dipakai), (b) 233.333, (c) 311.111, dan (d) 466.667 rumpun/ha. Perlakuan varietas, yaitu varietas Maja, Bima Brebes, dan Mentes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan varietas tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi bawang merah. Nilai B/C tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan populasi 233.333 rumpun/ha, yaitu 2,08, sedangkan B/C populasi umum (175.000 rumpun/ha) adalah 1,46. Untuk mendapatkan keuntungan paling tinggi secara ekonomi dan layak secara teknis pada budidaya bawang merah tujuan umbi konsumsi, direkomendasikan agar menanam dengan populasi 233.333 rumpun per ha dengan pilihan varietas Maja, Bima Brebes atau Mentes.KeywordsBawang merah; Keuntungan; Populasi; Produksi; VarietasAbstract The productivity of shallots in North Sumatra is currently lower than the national productivity. Related to this, it is necessary to increase production through improved shallots cultivation techniques. Improvement of cultivation techniques begins with the selection of adaptive varieties of shallots at high population level including Maja, Bima Brebes, and Mentes varieties. This study aims to determine the technology to increase production and profits of shallot farming in North Sumatra. The location of the activity was carried out on farmers’ land with a hight of 1,340 m.asl, located in Pancur Batu Village, Merek Subdistrict, Karo District, North Sumatra on dry season, may until july 2017. This research was a super impose of the activities of supporting the development of the horticultural area in North Sumatra. The research method used a split plot design. The main plot were population treatments and subplots, namely variety. Population treatments were : (a) 175,000 (commonly used), (b) 233,333, (c) 311,111, and (d) 466,667 clumps /ha; variety treatments were Maja, Bima Brebes, and Mentes. The results showed differences in varieties did not significantly affect to shallot production. The highest of B/C value was obtained by the treatment of the population of 233,333 clumps/ha was ","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125487369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studi Adopsi Benih Kentang Bebas Virus Varietas Granola L. dari Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat","authors":"Rofik Sinung Basuki, Nur Khaririyatun, Asma Sembiring, nFN Nurmalinda, Idha Widi Arshanti","doi":"10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p241-256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p241-256","url":null,"abstract":"(Adoption  Study of Potato Seed Free Virus of Granola L. Variety from Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute in Garut Regency, West Java)Kontribusi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) sebagai lembaga penelitian pemerintah penghasil teknologi baru, termasuk varietas dalam meningkatkan pendapatan petani masih belum terdokumentasi dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat adopsi, pendapatan petani, dan tingkat pengembalian investasi (Return on Investment = ROI) pada penerapan benih kentang bebas virus varietas Granola L. dari Balitsa di Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan evaluasi ex-post yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2014 di Desa Sirnajaya, Kecamatan Cisurupan, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat. Lokasi tersebut dipilih secara purposive karena di daerah ini banyak petani yang mengadopsi benih kentang bebas virus varietas Granola L. dari Balitsa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui Fokus Grup Diskusi (FGD) dan wawancara individual dengan kuesioner terstruktur. Total responden berjumlah 40 petani terdiri atas tujuh penangkar benih adopter, yaitu penangkar benih yang menghasilkan benih kentang bebas virus dari G0 (1 orang), G1 (1 orang), G2 (1 orang), G3 (3 orang), dan G4 (1 orang), 12 petani kentang konsumsi adopter, dan 21 petani nonadopter. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif, menggunakan gambar garis waktu, tabel, dan analisis biaya dan pendapatan usahatani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi benih kentang bebas virus varietas Granola L. dari Balitsa telah diintroduksi dan diadopsi petani di Desa Sirnajaya, Kecamatan Cisurupan, Garut sejak tahun 2008. Adopsi teknologi benih kentang bebas virus varietas Granola L. di Garut pada tahun 2013 dapat meningkatkan profit dari total adopter dengan nilai total sebesar 6,732 milyar rupiah. Sementara nilai ROI untuk biaya penelitian dan diseminasi teknologi benih kentang bebas virus varietas Granola L. untuk tahun 2013 adalah sebesar 918.000%. Artinya, untuk setiap Rp100,00 biaya penelitian dan diseminasi yang dikeluarkan Balitsa memberikan peningkatan profit kepada total petani adopter sebesar Rp918.000,00 atau peningkatan sebesar 9.180 kali lipat.KeywordsKentang; Varietas Granola L.; Tingkat adopsi; Profit; ROIAbstractContribution of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (Ivegri) as a public research institution which produces new technologies, including new varieties, on the improvement of farmers’ income are still not well documented. The research objective was to determine the level of adoption, farmer income and return on investment (ROI) on the application virus-free potato seed of Granola L. variety from Ivegri in Garut District, West Java. This ex-post evaluation research was conducted in June 2014 in Sirnajaya Village, Cisurupan Subdistrict, Garut District, West Java. The location was chosen purposively because in the area there were a lot of farmers who adopted virus free potato seed of Granola L. variety from Ivegri. Data wer","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114713173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perbaikan Kelayakan Usahatani Bawang Merah pada Dataran Tinggi di Bali Melalui Perbaikan Teknologi Budidaya (Improving Feasibility of Shallot Farming at High Land in Bali Through the Improvement of Cultivation Technology)","authors":"N. Arya, I. K. Mahaputra, I. M. Budiartana","doi":"10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p269-278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p269-278","url":null,"abstract":"Usahatani bawang merah telah menjadi sumber penghidupan utama bagi sebagian petani di Kecamatan Kintamani, Kabupaten Bangli. Namun, biaya usahatani yang dibutuhkan semakin meningkat dan dapat berdampak terhadap penurunan efisiensinya. Pengkajian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelayakan paket teknologi usahatani bawang merah. Pengkajian terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dan 15 ulangan, yakni: p0 = teknologi eksisting (jarak tanam 23 cm x 23 cm + 12,5 – 15 ton pupuk kandang ayam/ha + 330 kg Urea/ha + 300 kg ZA/ha + 360 kg NPK 16:16:16/ha + pestisida kimia); p1 = jarak tanam 20 cm x 15 cm + 5 ton kompos kotoran sapi/ha + 500 kg ZA/ha + 600 kg NPK 16:16:16/ha + feromon exi + pestisida kimia; dan p2 = jarak tanam 23 cm x 23 cm+ 5 ton kompos kotoran sapi/ha + 500 kg ZA/ha + 600 kg NPK 16:16:16/ha + feromon exi + pestisida kimia. Lahan yang digunakan seluas 1,35 ha melibatkan 15 orang petani. Luas setiap perlakuan adalah 300 m2 sehingga luas lahan yang digunakan pada masing-masing petani adalah 900 m2. Penanaman dilakukan pada April 2106. Kelayakan usahatani dianalisis dengan pendekatan R/C rasio. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa paket teknologi p2 memiliki kelayakan lebih baik daripada teknologi eksisting.KeywordsKelayakan; Feromon exi; Jarak tanam; Kompos sapiAbstractShallot farming has become the main source of income for some farmers in Kintamani District, Bangli Regency. However, the facts that shallot production costs tend to be more expensive over the year may have negative impacts to farm efficiency and farmers’ income. This study was aimed to analyze the feasibility of shallot farming technology packages alternative. The study consisted of 15 replications and three treatments, namely: p0 = existing technology (spacing 23cm x 23cm + 12.5 – 15 tons chicken manure/ha + 330 kg Urea/ha + 300 kg ZA/ha + 360 kg NPK 16:16:16/ha + chemical pesticides); p1 = spacing of 20cm x 15cm + 5 tons cow compost/ha + 500 kg ZA/ha + 600 kg NPK 16:16:16/ha + sex pheromone + chemical pesticides; and p2 = spacing of 23 cm x 23 cm + 5 tons cow compost/ha + 500 kg ZA/ha + 600 kg NPK 16:16:16/ha + sex pheromone + chemical pesticides. Land used is 1.35 ha involving 15 farmers. The area of each treatment is 300 m2, so the area of land used in each farmer is 900 m2. Planting was done in April 2106. The feasibility of shallot farming was analyzed by R/C ratio. The result of analysis showed that, technology package on p2 has a better feasibility than existing technology.","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115007026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kelayakan Usahatani Bawang Putih di Berbagai Tingkat Harga Output (Feasibility of Garlic Farming at Various Price Levels of Output)","authors":"A. Kiloes, nFN Hardiyanto","doi":"10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p231-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p231-240","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia selama ini mengimpor sebanyak 95% bawang putih konsumsi, namun direncanakan bahwa Indonesia harus dapat berswasembada bawang putih pada tahun 2021. Untuk itu dilaksanakan upaya perluasan tanam mulai dari penggunaan dana APBN, penanaman oleh importir, maupun penanaman secara swadaya petani yang akan membutuhkan benih bawang putih dalam jumlah banyak. Dengan alasan terbatasnya jumlah benih bawang putih dan meningkatnya permintaan untuk penanaman maka harga benih bawang putih di tingkat petani melonjak naik sehingga perlu dibuat aturan mengenai harga bawang putih agar semua pemangku kepentingan dapat saling mendapatkan keuntungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekomendasikan harga bawang putih yang layak sesuai dengan harga pasar dan keuntungan petani. Data yang digunakan berupa data primer input dan output usahatani yang dikumpulkan dari 86 orang petani di tiga sentra produksi bawang putih yang selama ini konsisten menanam bawang putih, yaitu Lombok Timur, Magelang, dan Temanggung. Data sekunder berupa data Upah Minimum Kabupaten (UMK) diperoleh dari BPS untuk membandingkan dengan keuntungan usahatani yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harga jual yang layak untuk bawang putih konsumsi adalah Rp15.000,00/kg dan untuk benih sebesar Rp53.000,00/kg. Apabila harga jual kurang dari harga tersebut maka keuntungan usahatani akan lebih rendah dari UMK sehingga tidak akan menarik untuk petani.KeywordsBawang putih; Biaya usahatani; Harga jual; UMKAbstractIndonesia for long years has been importing as much as 95% of the consumption of garlic, but it is planned that Indonesia should be able to self-sufficient in garlic in 2021. Therefore, efforts are made to expand planting, starting from the use of national budget funds, planting by importers, as well as planting independently farmers who will need seeds garlic in large quantities. Due to the limited amount of garlic seeds and the increasing demand for planting, the price of garlic seeds at the farmer level soared. Regulations should be made regarding the price of garlic so that all stakeholders can benefit from each other. This study aims to recommend the price of decent garlic according to market prices and farmers’ profits. The data used in the form of farm input and output primary data collected from 86 farmers in three centers of garlic production that have consistently planted garlic, namely East Lombok, Magelang, and Temanggung. Secondary data in the form of District Minimum Wage data was obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) to compare with farm profits obtained. The results of the study show that the reasonable selling price for garlic consumption is IDR 15,000/kg and for seeds of IDR 53,000/kg. If the selling price is less than this price, the farming profit will be lower than the District Minimum Wage so that it will not be attractive to farmers.","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"292 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132755800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korelasi dan Analisis Lintas Beberapa Karakter Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) pada Kondisi Normal dan Tercekam Kekeringan (Correlations and Path Analysis of Some Characters in Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Under Normal and Drought Stress)","authors":"nFN Rosmaina, Nfn Sobir, nFN Parjanto, A. Yunus","doi":"10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p147-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p147-158","url":null,"abstract":"Cekaman air merupakan salah satu faktor pembatas pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman termasuk cabai (Capsicum annuum L.). Produktivitas tanaman merupakan karakter yang kompleks sehingga hubungan antarkarakter perlu diketahui untuk mendapatkan kriteria seleksi yang tepat untuk perbaikan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kriteria seleksi terhadap produksi tanaman cabai toleran kekeringan pada fase pembungaan. Penelitian disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga taraf cekaman air, yaitu 100% kapasitas lapang (kontrol), 50% kapasitas lapang (medium stress), dan 25% kapasitas lapang (extreme stress). Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa berbagai karakter yang diamati memperlihatkan perbedaan asosiasi dengan level cekaman kekeringan. Karakter panjang akar tidak dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi tanaman cabai yang toleran terhadap kekeringan karena panjang akar tidak berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan bobot buah per tanaman pada 50% dan 25% kapasitas lapang. Berdasarkan korelasi dan analisis lintas pada kondisi normal (100% kapasitas lapang) dan kondisi tercekam (50% kapasitas lapang), karakter jumlah buah dan persentase fruit set berkorelasi positif dan berpengaruh langsung terhadap bobot buah per tanaman sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi untuk perbaikan tanaman cabai yang toleran kekeringan.KeywordsCekaman air; Cekaman kekeringan; Kriteria seleksi; Cabai; Capsicum annuum LAbstractWater stress is one of limiting factors for plant growth and production, including chili (Capsicum annuum L.). Plant productivity is a complex character so the relationship between characters needs to be known to get the right selection criteria for crop improvement. This study aimed to determine the selection criteria for the production of drought-tolerant chili pepper at the flowering phase. The research arranged under completely randomized design with three levels of water stress, namely 100% water field capacity (control), 50% water field capacity (medium stress) and 25% water field capacity (extreme stress). The results of the correlation analysis showed that the various characters observed exhibited differences associations with drought stress levels. Root length cannot be used for selection criterium of drought tolerant on chili because it was no positive significantly correlated to fruit weight per plant at 50% and 25% water field capacity. Based on correlation and path analysis in normal and drought conditions, the number of fruits and percentage of fruit set can be used as selection criteria for genetic improvement of drought-tolerant on chili plants because these characters were significantly positively correlated and had a direct effect on fruit weight of the plant.","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"48 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116304074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penekanan Penularan Bean Common Mosaic Virus oleh Efek Penghambat Makan Kitosan Terhadap Aphis craccivora Koch. (Bean Common Mosaic Virus Transmission Inhibition by Antifeedant Chitosan Against Aphis craccivora Koch.)","authors":"Dita Megasari, T. A. Damayanti, S. Santoso","doi":"10.21082/JHORT.V29N2.2019.P209-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/JHORT.V29N2.2019.P209-218","url":null,"abstract":"Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) merupakan virus penting pada kacang panjang di Indonesia. Salah satu cara untuk mengendalikan BCMV adalah dengan penggunaan kitosan. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, kitosan komersial dengan konsentrasi 0,9% dilaporkan mampu menekan infeksi BCMV yang ditularkan oleh Aphis craccivora dengan mekanisme yang belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme kitosan dalam menekan transmisi BCMV yang ditularkan oleh A. craccivora. Kitosan yang diuji yaitu kitosan murni dengan konsentrasi 0,1%–1,1% dan kitosan komersial konsentrasi 0,9% sebagai pembanding. Kitosan diaplikasikan dengan cara penyemprotan daun dengan volume 3 ml/tanaman pada hari sebelum penularan BCMV menggunakan tiga ekor kutudaun yang mengandung virus. Peubah yang diamati, yaitu periode inkubasi, insidensi penyakit, keparahan penyakit, akumulasi virus pada tanaman dan kutudaun, serta deteksi gen CP BCMV, PR1, dan PR3 dengan RT-PCR. Secara umum perlakuan kitosan mampu menekan transmisi BCMV oleh A. craccivora. Periode inkubasi tanaman perlakuan berkisar antara 7–9 hari. Perlakuan kitosan murni menekan insidensi dan keparahan penyakit antara 40%–80% dan 35,71%–78,57% tergantung konsentrasi kitosan. Kitosan komersial menghambat insidensi dan keparahan penyakit sampai 100%. Perlakuan kitosan pada konsentrasi 0,9% baik kitosan murni maupun komersial menunjukkan akumulasi BCMV yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol tanpa perlakuan, yaitu pada kitosan komersial 0,9% memiliki nilai absorbansi ELISA (NAE) sebesar 0,26 ± 0,29 dan pada kitosan murni 0,9% memiliki NAE sebesar 1,15 ± 1,69, sedangkan kontrol tanpa perlakuan memiliki NAE sebesar 3,13 ± 0,17. BCMV positif terdeteksi pada kutudaun menunjukkan bahwa kutudaun tidak makan inokulasi pada tanaman perlakuan. Amplifikasi gen CP BCMV dengan RT-PCR menunjukkan positif teramplifikasi pada semua perlakuan kitosan kecuali perlakuan kitosan komersial. Gen PR1 tidak teramplifikasi, sedangkan gen PR3 teramplifikasi pada semua perlakuan. Akumulasi PR3 tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan 0,5% dan 0,7% dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lain dan kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, perlakuan kitosan lebih berperan sebagai penghambat makan kutudaun daripada sebagai penginduksi ketahanan tanaman.KeywordsBCMV; Kutu daun; Pathogenesis-related protein; PCR; Vigna sinensis L.AbstractBean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is an important virus on beans in Indonesia. One of methods to control BCMV is by chitosan. The previous report showed that commercial chitosan was able to suppress BCMV infection transmitted by Aphis craccivora with an unknown mechanism. This study aimed to examine the mechanism of chitosan in suppressing the transmission of BCMV by A. craccivora. Chitosan used in this research is a pure chitosan with a concentration of 0.1%–1.1% and 0.9% of commercial chitosan as a comparison. Chitosan is applied by spraying the leaves at one day before the transmission of BCMV. BCMV transmitted by using three viruliferous aphid","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"5 40","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120841323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Trichoderma-Enriched Compost on Shallot Productivity and Storability in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara (Pemanfaatan Kompos Diperkaya Trichoderma pada Produktivitas dan Daya Simpan Bawang Merah di Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat)","authors":"Lia Hadiawati, A. Suriadi, Titin Sugianti, Fitria Zulhaedar","doi":"10.21082/jhort.v30n1.2020.p57-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v30n1.2020.p57-64","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Research on the benefits of Trichoderma-enriched compost (Tricho-compost) to improve soil fertility and yield of some vegetables has been widely reported. The objective was to study the effect of Tricho-compost application on productivity and storability of shallot. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design at Labuan Lombok Village, Pringgabaya, East Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province, during June to August 2017. There were five treatments with three replications, i.e., T1 = no fertilizer (control), T2 = 10 t/ha compost, T3 = NPK (250 kg/ha NPK, 150 kg/ha Urea, and 150 kg/ha SP-36), T4 = T3 + T2, and T5 =T3 + 10 t/ha Tricho-compost. The results showed that shallot with T5 treatment produced higher height at 20, 40 and 60 days after planting (DAP), fresh weight at 40 and 60 DAP, and dry yield. The plant height, fresh weight and dried yield were higher in T5 than those of plants in T4 for 3.7%, 8.7%, and 8.3%, respectively. Weight lost in T5 was 2.7% lower than T4 after storing for 90 days, indicating T5 shallot had better storability. These data indicated the potential of Tricho-compost to improve growth, yield, and storability of shallot.Keywords: Allium cepa ascalonicum; Productivity; Storability; Tricho-compost; Tropical drylandABSTRAK. Penelitian terkait pemanfaatan kompos diperkaya Trichoderma sp. (Tricho-kompos) untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dan produksi berbagai sayuran telah  dipublikasikan secara luas. Tricho-kompos terbuat dari kompos organik yang diperkaya Trichoderma sp. yang telah diperbanyak dalam media beras. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pemupukan menggunakan Tricho-kompos terhadap produktivitas dan daya simpan bawang merah di lahan kering Lombok Timur. Percobaan lapangan dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok  di Desa Labuhan Lombok, Kecamatan Pringgabaya, Kabupaten Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat, pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2017. Terdapat lima perlakuan pemupukan dengan tiga ulangan, yaitu T1 = tanpa pupuk (kontrol), T2 = kompos 10 ton/ha, T3 = NPK (250 kg/ha NPK, 150 kg/ha Urea, dan 150 kg/ha SP-36), T4 = T3 + T2, dan T5 = T3 + Tricho-kompos 10 ton/ha. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa bawang merah dalam perlakuan T5 menghasilkan tanaman yang lebih tinggi pada umur 20, 40, dan 60 hari setelah tanam (HST), berat berangkasan pada umur  40 dan 60 HST, dan berat kering eskip. Tinggi tanaman, berat berangkasan segar, dan berat kering eskip lebih tinggi dalam perlakuan NPK dan Tricho-kompos (T5) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan NPK dan kompos (T4), yaitu sebesar 3,7%, 8,7%, dan 8,3% secara berurutan, sedangkan susut bobot dalam T5 lebih rendah 2,7% daripada T4 setelah disimpan 90 hari, hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa daya simpan bawang merah lebih baik dalam T5. Hasil percobaan ini menunjukkan potensi pemupukan Tricho-kompos dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan, produksi, dan daya simpan bawang merah yang ditanam di lahan kering tropis Kabupaten Lombok Timur. ","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121044348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Indeks Panen Terhadap Umur Simpan dan Mutu Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Selama Penyimpanan [Effect of Harvest Index on Shelf-Life and Quality of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) During Storage]","authors":"L. Marlina, Bambang Hariyanto, nFN Jumjunidang, I. Muas","doi":"10.21082/jhort.v30n1.2020.p87-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v30n1.2020.p87-96","url":null,"abstract":"Pengembangan buah naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) masih mengalami kendala dalam aspek pascapanen, seperti rendahnya mutu buah di pasaran dan pendeknya umur simpan. Indeks panen yang tepat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan mutu buah naga di pasaran dan memperpanjang umur simpan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh indeks panen terhadap mutu dan umur simpan buah naga selama penyimpanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September sampai dengan November 2015 di Laboratorium Kimia dan Pascapanen Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika (Balitbu Tropika), Solok, Sumatra Barat. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan lima perlakuan, yaitu indeks I=kulit buah hijau  90–99% dan merah 1–10% (hijau semburat merah) jumbai hijau, indeks II=kulit buah hijau 60–89% dan merah 11–40% (hijau>merah) jumbai hijau, indeks III=kulit buah hijau 11–40% dan merah 60–89% (hijau<merah) jumbai hijau, indeks IV=kulit buah hijau 0–10% dan merah 90–100% (merah terang) jumbai hijau, dan indeks V=kulit buah merah gelap jumbai hijau, dan lima ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan indeks panen berpengaruh nyata terhadap warna kulit buah, kesegaran, padatan terlarut total, asam tertitrasi total, dan susut bobot. Perlakuan indeks panen yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap mutu dan umur simpan buah naga. Perlakuan yang menghasilkan mutu  terbaik selama buah disimpan adalah buah naga yang dipanen pada indeks III. Perlakuan terbaik yang menghasilkan umur simpan terlama adalah buah naga yang dipanen pada indeks II, yaitu 8 hari setelah panen. KeywordsIndeks panen; Mutu; Umur simpan; Buah nagaAbstractThe development of dragon fruit is still encountered some constraints in postharvest aspects i.e. low quality in the market and short self-life. The suitable harvest index is intended to improve quality and prolong the shelf-life of dragon fruit. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of harvest index on quality and shelf-life of dragon fruits during storage. The research was conducted from September to November 2015 at Chemistry and Postharvest Laboratory of Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute (ITFRI), Solok. The study was used completely randomized design with five treatments were index I=peel color are green 90–99% and red 1–10% (green tinge of red), II=peel color are green 60–89% and red 11–40% (green>red), III=peel color are green 11–40% and red 60–89% (green<red), IV=peel color are green 1–10% and red=90–100% (light red), and V=peel color  is dark red with green scaled all of treatments, and five replications. The results showed that harvest index effected in peel color, freshness, total soluble solid, total titrable acidity, and weight loss. The treatment which produces the best quality during storage was  index III. The best treatment that prolongs the shelf-lfe of dragon fruit during storage was index II i.e. 8 day after harvesting. ","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129032344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}