Jurnal Hortikultura最新文献

{"title":"Respon dan Seleksi Tanaman Kentang Terhadap Kekeringan (Response and Selection of Potato Plants to Drought)","authors":"Tri Handayani, nFN Kusmana, Helmi Kurniawan","doi":"10.21082/jhort.v28n2.2018.p163-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v28n2.2018.p163-174","url":null,"abstract":"Kekeringan sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kentang. Persilangan dengan tujuan toleran kekeringan telah dilakukan dan dilanjutkan dengan seleksi terbatas. Tujuan penelitian untuk mempelajari respon tanaman kentang terhadap kekeringan dan melakukan seleksi klon-klon hasil persilangan untuk sifat toleran kekeringan. Materi yang digunakan adalah 78 nomor hasil seleksi progeni kekeringan tahun 2015. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara tanaman pada kondisi kekeringan dan pengairan normal di dalam Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang, pada tahun 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cekaman kekeringan berpengaruh terhadap karakter pertumbuhan dan hasil. Pada kondisi kekeringan, vigor tanaman menurun dan menunjukkan gejala layu, menguning, serta daun menggulung ke atas. Kekeringan juga menyebabkan penurunan pada diameter batang (41,4%), jumlah batang (6,63%), tinggi tanaman (22,43%), diameter kanopi (18,76%), luas daun (53,7%), jumlah ubi pertanaman (17,54%), berat ubi pertanaman (70,35%), panjang ubi (44,45%) serta diameter ubi (42,85%). Respon tanaman terhadap kekeringan yang lain ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan kadar prolin daun dan klorofil. Seleksi berdasarkan perubahan karakter morfologi, pertumbuhan vegetatif serta produksi ubi, diperoleh 26 genotipe yang berpotensi memiliki sifat toleran terhadap kekeringan. Genotipe terseleksi tersebut memiliki kisaran jumlah ubi per tanaman 1,67 – 12,25, berat ubi per tanaman 26,45 – 80,775 g, panjang ubi 2,05 – 3,4 cm serta diameter ubi 1,43 – 3,06 cm. Hasil dari seleksi kekeringan ini akan dilanjutkan ke seleksi di lapangan untuk mendapatkan klon unggul kentang toleran terhadap kekeringan. Ketersediaan klon kentang toleran kekeringan dapat menjawab ancaman menurunnya produksi kentang akibat perubahan iklim.KeywordsSolanum tuberosum L.; Produksi ubi; Prolin; Toleran kekeringan   AbstractDrought is very influential towards the growth and production of the potato crop. A crossing to drought-tolerant genotypes was conducted and continued with a progeny selection. The aims of this study were to study the response of the potato plant to drought stress and to select potato clones resulted from conventional crossing for drought tolerant. The genetic materials tested were 78 progenies resulted from drought selection in 2015. The study was conducted by comparing plants in drought and normal irrigation conditions in the Greenhouse of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang, in 2016. Results showed that drought stress affected potato growth as well as tuber yield. On drought conditions, potato plants tend to be poor of plant vigor, showed wilting symptom, yellowing leaves and roll up of the leaves. Drought stress caused the decline of stem diameter of (41.4%), main stem number (6.63%), plant height (22.43%), canopy diameter  (18.76%), leaf area  (53.7%), per plant tuber number (17.54%), per plant tuber weight (70.35%), tuber length (44.45%) and tuber ","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129965878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analisis Isozim dan Patogenisitas Isolat Cladosporium spp. Terhadap Karat Putih Pada Krisan (Isozyme Analysis and Pathogenicity of Cladosporium spp. Isolate Against White Rust on Chrysanthemum)","authors":"E. S. Yusuf, I. Djatnika","doi":"10.21082/JHORT.V28N1.2018.P97-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/JHORT.V28N1.2018.P97-104","url":null,"abstract":"Cladosporium spp. merupakan mikoparasit potensial untuk mengendalikan beberapa jenis cendawan karat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui patogenisitas 10 isolat Cladosporium spp. yang ditemukan di daerah sentra krisan (Kabupaten Cianjur dan Bandung Barat) terhadap penyakit karat putih pada krisan dan hubungan kekerabatannya antara isolat Cladosporium spp. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Agustus 2014 di Laboratorium Mikologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (Balithi) dan Laboratorium Patologi dan Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Pada percobaan ini dilakukan uji patogenisitas 10 isolat Cladosporium spp. asal Kabupaten Cianjur dan Bandung Barat terhadap pustul karat pada daun krisan di laboratorium. Untuk menelusuri hubungan genetik antarisolat dilakukan analisis isozim secara elektroforesis dengan menggunakan enzim esterase (EST), acid phospatase (ACP), dan peroksidase (PER). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan sembilan isolat Cladosporoium spp. efektif memparasit pustul karat dengan efektivitas lebih dari 50%. Hasil analisis isozim menunjukkan terdapat dua kelompok Cladosporium spp. yang memiliki koefisien kemiripan 67%.KeywordsCladosporium spp.; Isozim; Mikoparasit; PatogenisitasAbstractCladosporium spp. is a potential mycoparasite for controlling some rust fungi. The aim of the research was to obtain the effectiveness of 10 Cladosporium spp. isolates was found in chrysanthemum central area (Cianjur and West Bandung District) and genetic relationship among the isolats. The research carried on April to Agustus 2014  in Micology Laboratory Indonesian Ornamental Crop Institute and Pathology and Silviculture Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. Pathogenicity of the 10 fungus isolate was tested against rust pustules on chrysanthemum leaves and genetic relationship between isolates was analyzed by electrophoresis isozyme using EST, ACP, and PER enzyme. The results showed that nine of Cladosporoium spp. isolates were effective parasited rust pustule with more than 50% effectiveness. The cluster analysis based on isozyme analysis showed that Cladosporium spp. isolate have two  distinc groups with 67% similarity coefficient.","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129116529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penggunaan Rain Shelter dan Biopestisida Atecu Pada Budidaya Cabai di Luar Musim untuk Mengurangi Kehilangan Hasil dan Serangan OPT","authors":"W. Setiawati, Ahsol Hasyim, A. Hudayya","doi":"10.21082/JHORT.V28N2.2018.P239-250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/JHORT.V28N2.2018.P239-250","url":null,"abstract":"(The Use of Rain Shelter and Biopesticide in off Season Chilli Cultivation to Reduce Yield Losses and Infestation of Pest and Diseases)Penggunaan rain shelter merupakan solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan budidaya cabai di luar musim, yaitu kondisi musim hujan berkepanjangan. Peranan sumber daya hayati lokal termasuk tumbuhan sebagai biopestisida (Atecu) perlu ditingkatkan untuk mengatasi masalah mahalnya biaya produksi, namun mampu menekan kehilangan hasil akibat OPT dan menjaga mutu produk. Tujuan penelitian mendapatkan teknologi budidaya cabai off season yang dapat mengurangi kehilangan hasil dan serangan OPT ≥30%. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP Margahayu Lembang, dari bulan Agustus 2016 sampai dengan bulan Maret 2017. Plot penelitian disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) terdiri atas enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah bentuk rain shelter (bentuk datar dan melengkung) yang dipasang pada waktu tanam dan musim penghujan dikombinasikan dengan penggunaan Atecu 10 ml/l dan tanpa rain shelter + Atecu 10 ml/l serta teknologi konvensional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pertumbuhan tanaman cabai (tinggi dan lebar kanopi) yang ditanam di bawah rain shelter berbeda nyata masing - masing sebesar (14,23 cm dan 3,17 cm) serta mempunyai jumlah cabang yang lebih banyak (12,5) dibandingkan dengan tanaman cabai yang ditanam di lahan terbuka, (2) kombinasi penggunaan shelter dan Atecu 10 ml/l efektif mengendalikan OPT penting pada tanaman cabai merah dengan tingkat efikasi berkisar antara 33,56–75,0% serta dapat mengurangi penggunaan pestisida sebesar 50% bila dibandingkan dengan teknologi konvensional, dan (3) bentuk rain shelter yang paling baik adalah bentuk melengkung yang dipasang pada musim penghujan dan mampu meningkatkan hasil panen sebesar 26,32% atau sebesar 20,59 ton/ha. Dari hasil tersebut dapat direkomendasikan bahwa penggunaan rain shelter sebagai salah satu teknologi budidaya cabai off season.KeywordsCapsicum annuum L; Rain shelter; Biopestisida Atecu; Budidaya di luar musim; Hama dan penyakitAbstractThe use of rain shelter is solution to solve chilli cultivation problems during rainy season which has long period rainy season. Biological control agent (BCA) included biopesticide (Atecu) also plays important role for solving the problems on chilli cultivation. The aim of the research was to obtain chilli cultivation technology in the off season which is effective to reduce yield losses due to incidence of pests and diseases on chilli ≥30%. The research was conducted in Margahayu Station from August 2016 to March 2017. Randomized block design with six treatments and four replications were used in this. The applications of rain shelter at planting time and rainy season (four treatments) and chilli planting at open field (two treatments) were used. The result showed that: (1) plant height and canopy width grown inside rain shelter were significantly longer (14.23 cm and 3.17 cm), had more branches (1","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132511570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uji Potensi Beberapa Varietas Bawang Merah untuk Menghasilkan Biji Botani di Dataran Tinggi Sulawesi Selatan (Test Potential for Some Variety to Produce True Shallot Seed in Highland South Sulawesi)","authors":"nFN Nurjanani, Fadjry Djufry","doi":"10.21082/jhort.v28n2.2018.p201-208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v28n2.2018.p201-208","url":null,"abstract":"Budidaya bawang merah di Sulawesi Selatan selama ini masih menggunakan umbi lokal sebagai benih. Penggunaan umbi secara terus menerus sebagai benih dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, yaitu dengan menggunakan biji botani (true shallot seed/TSS). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan varietas bawang merah yang mampu menghasilkan biji botani (TSS) di atas 1 g per rumpun. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Loka, Kecamatan Rumbia, Kabupaten Jeneponto mulai bulan Maret hingga September 2015. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat perlakuan varietas dan diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas yang menghasilkan biji terbanyak adalah Trisula dan Pancasona masing-masing dengan bobot 4,90 g dan 4,18 g per rumpun, dengan persentase tanaman berbunga masing-masing 93% dan 90%. Berbeda dengan varietas Maja Cipanas dan Mentes yang menghasilkan biji masing-masing 1,85 g dan 1,49 g, sedangkan persentase tanaman yang berbunga pada varietas Maja Cipanas hanya 60% dan varietas Mentes 30%. Dua varietas bawang merah, yaitu Trisula dan Pancasona dapat direkomendasikan sebagai penghasil benih TSS bawang merah di dataran tinggi kering Sulawesi Selatan. Analisis R/C ratio usaha tani bawang merah dalam menghasilkan TSS adalah 1,3, yang berarti bahwa produksi benih TSS layak diusahakan.KeywordsBawang merah; Biji botani; VarietasAbstractShallot cultivation in South Sulawesi has been using local tubers as seeds. The continuous use of tubers as seed can cause a decrease in production. One effort to overcome this problem is by using botanical seeds (true shallot seed/TSS). The research aims to shallot varieties that are capable of producing botanical seeds (TSS) above 1 g per clump. The research was conducted in Loka Village, Rumbia District, Jeneponto Regency from March to September 2015. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four treatments varieties, and three replications. The results showed that the varieties that produce the most seeds were Trisula and Pancasona weighing 4.90 g and 4.18 g per clump respectively, with the percentage of flowering plants 93% and 90% respectively. In contrast to the Maja Cipanas and Mentes varieties which produced seeds of 1.85 g and 1.49 g respectively, but the percentage of plants flowering in the Maja Cipanas variety only 60% and the Mentes variety was 30%. Two shallot varieties namely Trisula and Pancasona can be recommended as producers of shallot TSS seeds in the dry highlands of South Sulawesi. R/C ratio analysis of shallot farming in producing TSS was 1.3, which means that TSS seed production is worth to effort.","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129879298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teknik Enkapsulasi Sederhana untuk Konservasi In vitro Jangka Menengah Tanaman Nenas (Ananas comosus) [Simple Encapsulation Technique for Medium Term Pineapple (Ananas comosus) In vitro Conservation]","authors":"Riry Prihatini, S. Hadiati","doi":"10.21082/JHORT.V29N1.2019.P1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/JHORT.V29N1.2019.P1-8","url":null,"abstract":"Konservasi in vitro tanaman nenas dilakukan untuk penyimpanan materi genetik sebelum dimanfaatkan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengembangkan teknik enkapsulasi yang dapat memperpanjang daya simpan benih sintetik nenas melalui perlakuan konsentrasi natrium alginat, suhu, dan media penyimpanan. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, mulai Januari hingga Desember 2017. Bahan yang digunakan adalah plantlet nenas aksesi 5X18(10). Penelitian dibagi menjadi dua subkegiatan. Metode yang digunakan pada subkegiatan pertama yaitu tunas mikro nenas dienkapulasi dengan metode tetes menggunakan natrium alginat 3% dan 4% serta penyimpanan dalam akuades steril dan tanpa media selama 30, 60, 120, dan 240 hari pada suhu 25oC. Penggunaan 4% natrium alginat dan media akuades steril dapat memperpanjang masa simpan benih sintetik nenas hingga 240 hari dengan daya regenerasi benih 100%. Pada subkegiatan kedua, perlakuan terbaik pada subkegiatan pertama dilanjutkan dengan perlakuan suhu penyimpanan 4oC. Benih sintetik nenas pada suhu penyimpanan tersebut hanya mampu bertahan hingga 60 hari, selebihnya tunas dalam benih menghitam dan tidak dapat ditumbuhkan kembali. Metode enkapsulasi untuk penyimpanan materi genetik yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini lebih sederhana dan efisien serta dapat diaplikasikan pada kegiatan konservasi in vitro jangka menengah tanaman nenas.KeywordsEnkapsulasi; Konservasi; In vitro;  Tanaman nenasAbstractIn vitro conservation of pineapple was conducted as preservation of genetic material before it was further utilized. This research was conducted to obtain encapsulation technique which expanded synthetic seeds shelf life by modifying concentration of sodium alginate, incubation media, and temperature. The research was conducted on Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute on January to December 2017. The materials which were used included pineapple micro shoots accessions 5X18(10). The research was divided into subactivities. The method which was applied on the first subactivity included encapsulation of pineapple micro shoots using drop method with sodium alginate 3% and 4%,incubation media sterile aquades and without media for 30, 60, 120, and 240 days on 25oC temperature.The use of 4% sodium alginate and sterile aquades incubation media prolonged the pineapple shelf life up to 240 days with 100% regeneration capability. On the second subactivity, the best treatment on the first activity was combined with 4oC incubation temperature. The pineapple synthetic seeds on this incubation temperature only survive up to 60 days, became blackening, and could not be regrowth. Encapsulation method which was developed on this study was simpler, more efficient, and able to be applied for medium term pineapple in vitro conservation.","PeriodicalId":420744,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Hortikultura","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133795257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}