马铃薯植物对干旱的响应与选择

Tri Handayani, nFN Kusmana, Helmi Kurniawan
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Kekeringan juga menyebabkan penurunan pada diameter batang (41,4%), jumlah batang (6,63%), tinggi tanaman (22,43%), diameter kanopi (18,76%), luas daun (53,7%), jumlah ubi pertanaman (17,54%), berat ubi pertanaman (70,35%), panjang ubi (44,45%) serta diameter ubi (42,85%). Respon tanaman terhadap kekeringan yang lain ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan kadar prolin daun dan klorofil. Seleksi berdasarkan perubahan karakter morfologi, pertumbuhan vegetatif serta produksi ubi, diperoleh 26 genotipe yang berpotensi memiliki sifat toleran terhadap kekeringan. Genotipe terseleksi tersebut memiliki kisaran jumlah ubi per tanaman 1,67 – 12,25, berat ubi per tanaman 26,45 – 80,775 g, panjang ubi 2,05 – 3,4 cm serta diameter ubi 1,43 – 3,06 cm. Hasil dari seleksi kekeringan ini akan dilanjutkan ke seleksi di lapangan untuk mendapatkan klon unggul kentang toleran terhadap kekeringan. 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On drought conditions, potato plants tend to be poor of plant vigor, showed wilting symptom, yellowing leaves and roll up of the leaves. Drought stress caused the decline of stem diameter of (41.4%), main stem number (6.63%), plant height (22.43%), canopy diameter  (18.76%), leaf area  (53.7%), per plant tuber number (17.54%), per plant tuber weight (70.35%), tuber length (44.45%) and tuber diameter (42.85%). Another response to drought was the increasing level of proline and chlorophyll in leaf. Based on morphological character changes, vegetative growth and tuber production, 26 genotypes demonstrated potential drought tolerance. The selected genotypes will be used to the next selection in the field to get stable drought-tolerant potato clones. 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引用次数: 1

摘要

干旱对马铃薯作物的生长和生产产生了深远的影响。与耐旱目标的杂交已经进行,并继续进行有限的选择。研究目的是研究马铃薯植物对干旱的反应,并对干旱耐受性进行交叉克隆选择。所使用的材料为78个数字提供了2015年旱耐旱的结果。这项研究将2016年温室里的植物与蔬菜研究室(Lembang)温室里的正常灌溉进行了比较。研究结果表明,干旱的持续影响着生长和结果的特性。在干旱的条件下,vigor植物会下垂,并表现出萎缩、变黄和向上滚动的症状。干旱还导致茎的直径(41.4%)、茎的数量(2.63%)、树冠的直径(22.43%)、叶的面积(18.76%)、番薯的面积(53.7%)、番薯的体重(17.54%)、番薯的体重(70.35%)、番薯的长度(44.45%)和番薯的直径(42.85%)的降低。植物对其他干旱的反应是叶绿素和叶绿素水平的增加。以形态形态变化、植物学生长和红薯生产为基础的选择,获得了26种具有耐旱特性的潜在物种。这些品种可选为1.67 - 12.25种,红薯为作物26.45 - 80.775克,山药长2.05 - 3.4厘米,山药直径为1.43 - 3.06厘米。干旱选择的结果将继续到实地选择,以获得对干旱的优质克隆土豆。耐旱性的马铃薯克隆资源可能会抵消气候变化降低土豆产量的威胁。灵长类动物。山药生产;Prolin;宽容干旱的破坏力对马铃薯品种的生长和生产非常有影响。一种使人衰弱、不受抑制的基因组被恶意地继续进行。aims》这个研究是to study土豆种植到干旱压力和反应》选择的土豆为干旱tolerant克隆人从conventional resulted十字路口。基因材料测试结果为2015年从干旱中恢复的78个个体。2016年,印尼蔬菜研究研究所(Lembang)的温室里,研究是由对等植物设计而成的。结果表明,受影响的压力使土豆生长得很好。在这种条件下,马铃薯植物不会贫穷树苗,上演交响曲,伙计,叶子会滚出叶子。干旱引起的压力导致了stem直径(44.4%)、plant height(6.63%)、plant height(18.76%)、leaf直径(53.7%)、plant tuber number(17.54%)、plant tuber weight(70.35%)、tuber length(44.45%)和直径(43.85%)。另一种反应是生长水平的叶酸和叶酸。以形态特征改变为基础的植物生长和生长生产,26种具有潜在消化性的恶魔恶魔。受感染的基因组将用于下一个领域的吸引力,以稳定下车的土豆片。气候变化所带来的破坏可能会受到影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Respon dan Seleksi Tanaman Kentang Terhadap Kekeringan (Response and Selection of Potato Plants to Drought)
Kekeringan sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kentang. Persilangan dengan tujuan toleran kekeringan telah dilakukan dan dilanjutkan dengan seleksi terbatas. Tujuan penelitian untuk mempelajari respon tanaman kentang terhadap kekeringan dan melakukan seleksi klon-klon hasil persilangan untuk sifat toleran kekeringan. Materi yang digunakan adalah 78 nomor hasil seleksi progeni kekeringan tahun 2015. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara tanaman pada kondisi kekeringan dan pengairan normal di dalam Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang, pada tahun 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cekaman kekeringan berpengaruh terhadap karakter pertumbuhan dan hasil. Pada kondisi kekeringan, vigor tanaman menurun dan menunjukkan gejala layu, menguning, serta daun menggulung ke atas. Kekeringan juga menyebabkan penurunan pada diameter batang (41,4%), jumlah batang (6,63%), tinggi tanaman (22,43%), diameter kanopi (18,76%), luas daun (53,7%), jumlah ubi pertanaman (17,54%), berat ubi pertanaman (70,35%), panjang ubi (44,45%) serta diameter ubi (42,85%). Respon tanaman terhadap kekeringan yang lain ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan kadar prolin daun dan klorofil. Seleksi berdasarkan perubahan karakter morfologi, pertumbuhan vegetatif serta produksi ubi, diperoleh 26 genotipe yang berpotensi memiliki sifat toleran terhadap kekeringan. Genotipe terseleksi tersebut memiliki kisaran jumlah ubi per tanaman 1,67 – 12,25, berat ubi per tanaman 26,45 – 80,775 g, panjang ubi 2,05 – 3,4 cm serta diameter ubi 1,43 – 3,06 cm. Hasil dari seleksi kekeringan ini akan dilanjutkan ke seleksi di lapangan untuk mendapatkan klon unggul kentang toleran terhadap kekeringan. Ketersediaan klon kentang toleran kekeringan dapat menjawab ancaman menurunnya produksi kentang akibat perubahan iklim.KeywordsSolanum tuberosum L.; Produksi ubi; Prolin; Toleran kekeringan   AbstractDrought is very influential towards the growth and production of the potato crop. A crossing to drought-tolerant genotypes was conducted and continued with a progeny selection. The aims of this study were to study the response of the potato plant to drought stress and to select potato clones resulted from conventional crossing for drought tolerant. The genetic materials tested were 78 progenies resulted from drought selection in 2015. The study was conducted by comparing plants in drought and normal irrigation conditions in the Greenhouse of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang, in 2016. Results showed that drought stress affected potato growth as well as tuber yield. On drought conditions, potato plants tend to be poor of plant vigor, showed wilting symptom, yellowing leaves and roll up of the leaves. Drought stress caused the decline of stem diameter of (41.4%), main stem number (6.63%), plant height (22.43%), canopy diameter  (18.76%), leaf area  (53.7%), per plant tuber number (17.54%), per plant tuber weight (70.35%), tuber length (44.45%) and tuber diameter (42.85%). Another response to drought was the increasing level of proline and chlorophyll in leaf. Based on morphological character changes, vegetative growth and tuber production, 26 genotypes demonstrated potential drought tolerance. The selected genotypes will be used to the next selection in the field to get stable drought-tolerant potato clones. The availability of drought-tolerant potato clones can respond to the threat of reduced potato production due to climate change. 
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